The first computer in new China： from scratch, it ranks among the top in the world.

　　China news agency, Beijing, September 6 (Chen Ying) As the world’s largest computer manufacturing base, China’s computer industry has now ranked first in the world.

　　According to the data released by the "2019 World Computer Conference" held in July this year, in 2018, China’s computer industry achieved a main business income of 1.95 trillion yuan, an increase of 8.7% year-on-year; The output of microcomputers is 310 million, and the annual output of servers reaches 2.952 million.

　　It is hard for people today to imagine that China’s first electronic computer — — 103 computers, covering an area of 40 square meters, with an operation speed of only 30 times per second.

　　In January 1953, Hua Luogeng was ordered to set up the first computer research group in China in the newly established Institute of Mathematics of China Academy of Sciences, with Professor Min Dake of Tsinghua University Electrical Engineering Department as the team leader. The goal of this group was to develop China’s own computer.

　　In April 1956, when Premier Zhou Enlai personally led the formulation of a 12-year long-term outline of scientific and technological development, Hua Luogeng was appointed as the head of the computing technology planning group, responsible for drafting the blueprint for the development of computer industry in China. As a result of the implementation of the plan, the Institute of Computing Technology of Chinese Academy of Sciences was born.

　　In 1956, the Preparatory Committee of Institute of Computing Technology of Chinese Academy of Sciences was established in China, and the design of the first small computer 103 in China was completed. It took 8 months for the State-owned 738 Factory to manufacture this computer.

　　In the field of computers, everything is "big" at the beginning. The first computer in New China covers an area of 40 square meters with only a few large cabinets in the mainframe, and there are nearly 4,000 semiconductor germanium diodes and 800 electron tubes in the body.

　　On August 1st, 1958, Computer 103 completed the operation of four instructions, which marked the official birth of the first universal digital electronic computer made by China people.

　　The 103 computer adopts magnetic core and drum memory, the memory is only 1KB, and the operation speed is 30 times per second. Only one year later, the 104 computer came out successfully, and the computing speed increased to 10 thousand times per second. From 30 times to 10 thousand times, it only took more than a year.

　　Since the founding of New China 70 years ago, China’s computer R&D and manufacturing have not only developed from scratch, but also reached the forefront of the world.

　　Supercomputer is a kind of computer with the strongest function, the fastest operation speed and the largest storage capacity. It is mostly used in national high-tech fields and cutting-edge technology research, and is one of the important indicators to measure the level of national scientific and technological development and comprehensive national strength.

　　The first billionth supercomputer in China was "Yinhe -I" developed by the Computer Research Institute of National University of Defense Technology. Its operation speed is more than 100 million times per second.

　　“银河-I”研制始于1978年5月，在1983年12月通过国家鉴定。在1984年，“银河-I”模型还在天安门前参加了新中国成立35周年国庆检阅。

　　资料图：超级计算机“天河二号”。　刘曼 摄

　　“银河”之后还有“天河”。2013年6月，“天河二号”摘夺世界超算500强桂冠，中国超级计算机研制达到了世界领先水平。

　　2016年6月，世界首台峰值运算能力超过每秒10亿亿次、拥有千万核的超级计算机“神威·太湖之光”诞生，此后连续四次雄踞“全球超级计算机500强”榜首。

　　今年6月17日，第53届“全球超算TOP500名单”在德国法兰克福举办的国际超算大会上发布。“神威·太湖之光”和“天河二号”位列第三、四名。

　　而从上榜超级计算机的总数来看，中国以219台上榜系统数位列第一，美国以116台排第二。中国“超算三强”联想、浪潮、曙光分别贡献了173台、71台和63台超算。

　　“天河二号”副总设计师的肖立权曾说，“走别人没有走过的路，太难！但我喜欢挑战！”中国计算机不断挑战新速度，将给中国经济社会腾飞，不断配上更好的引擎。(完)