On June 6th, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, and the Ministry of Commerce once again pushed the development of new energy vehicles-"Implementation Plan for Promoting the Updating and Upgrading of Key Consumer Goods and Smooth Resource Recycling (2019-2020)" was released. The importance of this document can basically be understood as the main theme of the post-new energy vehicle era. That night, we took a look at the dynamics in the circle, which is roughly like this:

From a fundamental point of view, this is a promotion document for digesting production capacity nationwide, which is good for all companies in all industries, large and small. On the other hand, the switching of fuel vehicles in China is the icing on the cake. However, this Dragon Boat Festival, the vast majority of car companies and pile companies have spent a uneasy festival. To sum up, people who have no long-term worries will have near worries.

From the point of view of energy supplement, there are several points worthy of attention in this document: how to go in the future in the process of changing tracks from policy-driven to market-driven in China’s new energy automobile industry.

Judging from the logic of the new energy automobile industry in the full text of the policy, it mainly guides the industry from two aspects: encouraging the upstream and downstream of the new energy automobile industry to continue research and development, promoting cost reduction and efficiency improvement, perfecting the energy supplement system and improving the market application of new energy vehicles. The document specifically mentions that it is necessary to learn from the power exchange mode and application experience in the field of public services, and encourage enterprises to develop new energy vehicle products with the combination of charging and power exchange, flexible battery configuration and long driving range. Therefore, we feel it is necessary to show past lives, the power exchange mode, to everyone.

01 Sadness Xia Jiaxi and His Better Place

In 2007, Shay Xia Jiaxi put forward the power exchange technology, and then founded a power exchange company called Better Place in Israel. After the financing of $850 million was changed in 2013, Xia Jiaxi and his dream of Better Place collapsed. Even though the valuation reached an unprecedented $2.25 billion at that time, the hopeless power exchange model was ruthlessly abandoned by capital.

Xia Jiaxi’s Ambition and the Legacy of Better place

In the early days of its establishment, Xia Jiaxi foresaw that the power battery, a key component that directly affects consumers’ desire to buy, would not improve by leaps and bounds in the short term. The most direct way to solve the mileage anxiety is to form the same energy supply efficiency as fuel supply for fuel vehicles. The energy supplement market bred by the emerging industry of electric vehicles will directly subvert the existing energy structure and consumption mode. Under such a market positioning setting, Xia Jiaxi boldly left SAP.

One year after the establishment of Better place, Israel’s first "power exchange station" was established. First, it signed a cooperation agreement with Renault to provide 100,000 Fluence ZE electric vehicles (but the actual order was less than 1%). Better Place started with 750 drivers in Israel, and the charge for electricity exchange service includes battery rent and electricity exchange fee. Although the hardware cost, battery maintenance cost and education cost of consumers and enterprises were incomprehensible at that time, Xia Jiaxi did not hesitate to continue to burn money in Denmark and the United States, but at that time, car companies still had great doubts about the development of new energy vehicles, and the convenience and use cost of customer-side power exchange mode were not particularly different from those of traditional fuel vehicles. Better Place only launched thousands of vehicles around the world until it was closed.

The end of the road for Better Place seems to be ill-timed now. After all, the overall environment of the new energy automobile industry is far from the same. However, Better Place has left a complete chassis power exchange technology for future generations, and the value generated by the experience in the operation process is immeasurable.

Schematic diagram of Better Place power exchange station and power exchange

02 Phased tasks of State Grid

863 Program-the Beginning of Power Exchange Technology

In 2006, the domestic electric vehicle industry was still in its infancy. The State Grid responded to the call of the country to start the electric vehicle project, and Zhejiang Power Grid is the top priority to implement the project. At that time, the first project leader of Zhejiang Power Grid participated in the project was Mr. Nie Liang (the first person in the domestic market application field of power exchange mode). In 2010, his team developed and completed the first licensed pure electric vehicle in China, and completed the reserve of basic power exchange technology. In the same year, Nie Liang was responsible for building the Zhejiang project of intelligent charging and replacing power service network. Different from Better Place, a pioneer in power exchange, State Grid developed a set of standard box power exchange technology after understanding the chassis power exchange technology. In Hangzhou, 500 power exchange taxis were piloted with Langyue and Prima models and high box standard boxes, and the business model of "separation of vehicles and electricity and mileage charging" was put forward and verified for the first time in this project.

Power exchange stations and standard boxes piloted by State Grid in Hangzhou

It can be said that the power exchange technology was basically a system at that time, and the pilot effect was quite satisfactory. Later, the Beijing-Shanghai trip organized by State Grid set a fire for the development of power exchange. What’s more interesting is that. In August 2010, State Grid joined the "China Enterprise Electric Vehicle Industry Alliance" and served as the chairman of the charging and service professional committee. At that time, State Grid determined the basic idea of its own intelligent charging and replacing operation mode, that is, mainly replacing electricity, supplemented by plug-in, centralized charging and unified distribution. In other words, the development direction of state grid is to change power stations, not. In line with the above development ideas, State Grid also reserves advanced technologies such as battery balancing, battery automatic replacement equipment and battery cascade utilization. These forward-looking explorations and pre-research have laid a solid theoretical foundation for the budding electric vehicle industry, pointed out the general direction of technical development, and established the development path and ideological system of the whole industry. Today, these technologies have been widely used, especially the chassis replacement mode and standard battery box technology, which have become the mainstream of domestic electric vehicles. However, during 2013 -2014, State Grid did suspend the project of replacing new energy vehicles with electricity due to the change of the main task direction of enterprises. We inquired about the relevant historical information and found that apart from the change of the main tasks of enterprises, the irreconcilable contradiction with car companies is also one of the development factors that hinder their power exchange mode. After all, no car company is willing to become a subsidiary of State Grid. At that time, a director of the National Development and Reform Commission once said: "State Grid should put its position right and cooperate with car companies to develop electric vehicles with a more open attitude."However, State Grid’s insistence on the power exchange mode is not only not conducive to its stable position in the electric vehicle infrastructure market, but also more likely to restrict the development of electric vehicles. In other words, the failure to get through the industrial chain has become the biggest factor for the grounding of the State Grid’s power exchange model. On the other hand, the national policies at that time, such as subsidies and the environment of new energy vehicles, were still relatively weak. Therefore, although the State Grid ran through the business model of power exchange, it was unable to open up the industrial chain to form a business ecology due to institutional factors, and it was inevitable to suspend the power exchange project.

03-The sharing mode has no future.

After the State Grid froze the power exchange mode, Tesla, an American star company, demonstrated its 90-second quick exchange technology in 2013, once again detonating the problem of changing the phone all over the world, but soon Tesla will develop specifically for supercharger 3. From a technical point of view, Tesla still follows the chassis power exchange idea of Better place, but it is further improved in speed. But when "Iron Man" saw the fatal defect of chassis-type power exchange-abnormal batteries can not be shared across car models, and the compatibility of power exchange stations is low, so low compatibility can not improve operational efficiency. It is even more unrealistic to integrate the resources of car companies and form a common standard. In such a complicated power changing environment, Tesla silently quit to change the power stage.

Schematic diagram of Tesla power exchange technology

The rise of 04 module box-splitting power exchange technology

In 2014, Nie Liang left the State Grid after seeing the possibility of opening up the industrial chain of the power exchange system and constructing the power exchange ecology. In the same year, Hangzhou Botan was established, and based on the power exchange of State Grid, the low-box standard box battery was further developed. Compared with the standard box of State Grid in 2010, the low-box standard box battery can be directly placed in the vehicle chassis (the original high-box standard box battery of State Grid needs to be placed under the back seat of the vehicle or in the trunk of the vehicle), and the stability and safety of the vehicle are greatly improved. On the other hand, at that time, the large-scale travel business began to exert its strength, and the market segment paid unprecedented attention to the operation economy of fuel and new energy vehicles. The split-box power exchange mode combined with the large-scale travel business perfectly solved the problems of operating costs and energy replenishment efficiency, and the module split-box power exchange ushered in its historical opportunity.

Standard charging cabinet and standard box batteries for module box-changing.

So, what is the principle of module splitting? First of all, the main dimensions of the TEU are completely the same, but according to the iteration of power battery technology, the energy density can be continuously improved. At present, the single TEU is mainly 15KWH (see the figure below). According to the requirements of vehicle models, different numbers of TEU power batteries are arranged on the vehicle chassis (2/4 for passenger cars and 6 or even 8 for logistics vehicles). Because the box size is the same at the initial stage of design, the power exchange station can exchange power for all vehicles using TEU, no matter which main engine factory they are made, thus completing the development of three limited power exchange modes: compatibility of power exchange equipment and vehicle models, compatibility of charging equipment with TEU, and recycling of circulating batteries.

05 Inventory of Power Exchange in China at the Present Stage

In 2016, the chassis replacement technology that sank for a period of time reappeared in the field of vision. This time, Cai Dongqing created Shanghai Aodong New Energy Automobile Technology Co., Ltd., and made continuous efforts in the power replacement business, and then quickly followed up. Sort out the development path of domestic power exchange technology, which is roughly as follows:

Mainstream power exchange technology: module splitting and chassis power exchange, as shown below:

It is worth noting that at present, the two modes of automatic route for power exchange are slightly different. Six-axis robots are mainly used for power exchange in modules, and RGV is mainly used for chassis change, which is roughly as follows.

Market application: Beiqi Weilai Xinchufeng is used for chassis power exchange, Dongfeng, Zotye, Universiade are used for module power exchange, and the number of vehicles put in and the actual mileage of operation are slightly superior.

How to compare the above two power exchange technologies?

We believe that it is not objective enough to compare the above two power exchange technologies only from the actual promotion layout level (such as infrastructure investment, power exchange capacity, site requirements and construction speed, etc.). The reason for this is the following：

Equipment level: manual, semi-automatic or full-automatic power exchange mode can also be selected for box-by-box power exchange, and the investment intensity can be selected according to the actual situation, while chassis power exchange can only be fully automatic, so it has higher capital requirements and limited investment flexibility in practical promotion. However, according to the fully automatic standard, the cost difference between RGV and six-axis robot equipment is not big.

Site expansion level: the chassis can be quickly laid out in containers for power exchange, and the landing speed is slightly faster, but some cities are not allowed to work in containers (such as Guangzhou). Therefore, in terms of policy compliance, the requirements for the construction of sub-box power exchange and chassis power exchange are basically the same.

On the aspect of power exchange capacity: in the fully automatic state, the average daily power exchange capacity can reach about 250 times with little difference. However, there is a point of concern in this respect. According to the public data, although there are more charging compartments in the power exchange stations with the same power exchange capacity, the number of vehicles that can be exchanged for electricity is only slightly more or equal to that of the chassis (we think that the future evaluation of power exchange capacity can not only rely on the single angle of power exchange speed, because the power exchange capacity depends on the number of charging compartments in the station energy supply, From this point of view, the general modular sub-box power station has 120 cells at the same level, while the chassis power station has 28 cells. However, one car in the modular sub-box power station consumes 4 cells on average, so the power exchange capacity of 120 cells, that is, 30 cars at a time, is not much different from that of the whole pad chassis power station with 28 cells. Therefore, there is little or no difference between the two modes from the above three aspects, so there is no way to compare them only from these three points.

With the issuance of the document "Implementation Plan for Promoting the Updating and Upgrading of Key Consumer Goods and Smooth Resource Recycling (2019-2020)", on the basis of encouraging the development of power exchange mode, requirements are put forward for battery modularization and step utilization of batteries. Therefore, which mode can be compatible with more types of vehicles, better connect the front and rear ends of battery step utilization and better adapt to the future modular development of automobile manufacturing is the more important focus.

From the perspective of vehicle compatibility, the power exchange mode should not be a limited energy supplement scene in the end, but an open source energy supplement mode, because the most basic and basic construction purpose of the power exchange station is to be used as a public infrastructure to facilitate public travel, otherwise why do you enjoy subsidies? At present, Beiqi, Weilai and other car companies are leading the chassis power exchange, because the batteries of their respective car companies are opposite-sex batteries compared with other OEMs, the power exchange sites or batteries cannot be universal. However, Dongfeng, Universiade, Zotye and other enterprises adopt the idea of modular box-splitting power exchange based on standard box batteries, which makes the power exchange station shared among different car models, and the battery can be shared, which greatly improves the utilization ratio of the site and the battery. Therefore, from this perspective, it is obvious that modular box-splitting power exchange is more suitable for the current concept of "sharing economy" and is also an intensive use of social resources.

From the point of view of power battery recycling, the mainstream design ideas in the industry at present are as follows

Direct view of step utilization of power battery

From the point of view of echelon utilization, we must first reduce the transformation cost in the process of each degradation, otherwise it will be difficult to land. From the top-level design point of view, the standard of battery should be unified first, and then the battery with smaller relative weight and volume (because it can’t be directly used in section B and section C if it still stays in the direction of the overall special-shaped battery of most models at this stage). Only under these two preconditions can the whole life cycle development of battery be maximized, and the average use cost of power battery at the user’s end will be lower.

Therefore, from the perspective of battery recycling, it is obvious that the case-by-case power exchange built by the standard box system is more in line with the policy and national conditions. However, from the perspective of automobile enterprises, the whole chassis-type power exchange has less changes to the chassis of the whole vehicle body, and the technical level is relatively easier to realize; However, the modular box-changing technology requires higher requirements for body chassis modification and design cycle. However, it is very interesting that the number of car companies that accept the standard box-splitting power exchange system is far more than that of the chassis-type power exchange model (the total number of cars that are actually put in the box-splitting power exchange system is also more than that of the chassis-type power exchange system). It can be said that many car manufacturers are doing power exchange, and obviously many car companies do not want to play with tickets at this level, but stand higher and look farther.

07 written at the end

On June 5, 2016, China Tower established an energy company with a capital of 5 billion yuan to take the lead in entering the terminal market of power battery ladder utilization, which made it possible for standard box batteries used by modular box-changing electric vehicles and power-changing technology companies to be used in large-scale terminals (compared with special-shaped batteries). The integrity of power battery ladder utilization has been further improved, while the extension of battery ladder utilization industrial chain has further reduced the average use cost of power batteries, which will indirectly reduce the consumption cost of new energy vehicles. From the perspective of industrial chain, does it mean modularity?

We gave time to this problem, but for enterprises that insisted on changing electricity in the early stage, in June 2019, the wind started.

Cctv newsOn April 19th, "News Network" reported that the agricultural and rural economy made a steady start in the first quarter, the foreign trade made a steady start in the first quarter, and emerging markets remained dynamic … … With the intensive release of positive signals, China’s high-quality economic development has a long way to go.

　　The agriculture and rural economy started steadily in the first quarter.

　　The State Council Press Office held a press conference on April 19th. The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs said that since the beginning of this year, China’s agricultural and rural economy has maintained a good momentum of development.

　　This year, the intended planting area of grain reached more than 1.78 billion mu, an increase over the previous year. Effectively deal with the freezing rain and snow and cold wave weather last winter and this spring, and strengthen technical guidance services. Winter wheat grows better than last year and all the year round, and the foundation for a bumper harvest of grain and oil production in summer is gradually laid down, and spring ploughing production is vigorously and orderly promoted. The supply of "vegetable basket" products is abundant, the production capacity of pigs is adjusted and optimized, the production of meat, eggs and milk is increased in an all-round way, and the supply of vegetables and fruits is stable.

　　Rural industries have a good momentum of development. In the first quarter, the added value of agricultural and sideline food processing industries above designated size increased by 3.3% year-on-year. Rural leisure tourism continues to heat up, and e-commerce of agricultural products grows rapidly. The per capita disposable income of rural residents reached 6,596 yuan, 2.4 percentage points higher than that of urban residents.

　　Rural construction and governance have been solidly promoted. By the end of March, the county-level rural construction project library had accumulated 614,000 projects and implemented project funds of 250.74 billion yuan.

　　Multi-measures to promote sustained recovery of consumption and promote high-level opening up.

　　At the press conference held by the State Council Information Office on April 19th, the relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Commerce said that in the first quarter, foreign trade made a steady start, emerging markets maintained vitality, and developed markets recovered. A survey of key foreign trade enterprises by the Ministry of Commerce shows that enterprises reflecting employment growth accounted for 1-mdash in March; In February, it rose by 1.7 percentage points to 88.8%, and the confidence expectation of enterprises was further enhanced.

　　Foreign investment maintained steady development. In the first quarter, non-financial foreign direct investment was 242.92 billion yuan, up by 12.5%, among which investment in ASEAN and EU grew rapidly, with growth rates of 36.7% and 34.5% respectively.

　　In the next step, the Ministry of Commerce will focus on promoting the continuous expansion of consumption, launch a series of activities around the theme of "Enjoy the benefits of the whole people throughout the year", focus on the cultivation and construction of international consumption center cities and the construction of modern business circulation system, and continue to introduce relevant policies and measures to continuously release consumption potential.

　　Link the world! The cumulative number of overseas buyers attending the Canton Fair has exceeded 120,000.

　　April 19th is the last day of the first phase of the 135th Canton Fair. During the five-day exhibition period, we felt the "attraction" of the Canton Fair, as well as the "centripetal force" of linking the world with new products and technologies.

　　As of April 18, the cumulative number of overseas buyers attending the meeting offline has exceeded 120,000, an increase of 22.7% over the same period of last year. They come from 212 countries and regions around the world. Not only the number of people has increased, but also the sources are all over the world. The top countries include India, the United States, Nigeria, Indonesia and Malaysia.

The quantity of spring ploughing agricultural materials is generally sufficient and the quality is guaranteed.

On April 19, the relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs said that the consumption of spring ploughing fertilizers, pesticides and seeds accounted for about half of the annual consumption. Judging from the current situation, the number of seeds, pesticides and fertilizers ploughed in spring this year is generally sufficient.

At present, the rate of fertilizer in place at the provincial and county levels has reached 95% and 90% respectively. The quality of agricultural materials is guaranteed and the prices are relatively stable. The prices of most varieties have declined, but they are still at a historical high level. Generally speaking, the supply of agricultural materials is timely, which can meet the needs of spring ploughing production.

　　Water supply will be completed in 2026! The progress of this major water conservancy project benefiting 14 million people is updated.

　　On April 19th, the largest single project of the second phase of the project of diverting water from Han to Wei — — The pylon of Weihe River Pipe Bridge is about to be completely capped, laying a foundation for ensuring that the second phase of the project of diverting water from Han to Wei River will be completed in 2026.

　　The project of diverting water from Han River to Wei River connects the two major water systems of Han River and Wei River, which is one of the 172 major water conservancy projects planned by the country in the 13th Five-Year Plan.

　　The second phase water transmission and distribution project of diverting water from Han to Wei is an important part of the project, which consists of Huangchigou water distribution hub, south trunk line project and north trunk line project, with a total length of 190 kilometers. It undertakes the key task of transporting Hanjiang River water to 21 targets in four key cities, including Xi ‘an, Xianyang, Weinan and Yangling, 11 county-level cities, 1 industrial park and 5 new cities in Xixian New Area on both sides of Weihe River, which is very important for bringing into play the overall benefits of the project.

　　After the completion of the second phase of the project, 1.5 billion cubic meters of water can be transferred from the Han River every year, and a "north-south allocation" water channel has been added to the main skeleton center of the national water network, which plays an important role in realizing the spatial balance of water resources allocation in China and ensuring the high-quality development of economy and society.

In addition, the second phase of the project of diverting water from Han to Wei covers more than 14 million people, which ensures the water supply safety in Xi ‘an, Xianyang, Yangling and Weinan in Guanzhong Plain of Shaanxi Province, and will also greatly solve the contradiction of more water resources in the south and less water resources in the north and provide support for high-quality economic and social development.

　　In 2023, frequent extreme weather and climate events once again left a deep impression on people. In China, sandstorms in the northwest, droughts in the southwest, extreme rainstorms in North China and typhoons in South China have all brought rare disasters in recent years. On a global scale, forest fires in Canada, alternating droughts and floods in the United States and India, high temperatures in Europe, and heavy casualties caused by hurricanes in the Mediterranean have also caused shocking consequences.

　　Reality warns people that the negative consequences of climate change are increasing with the rising temperature. At the end of November this year, world leaders will gather in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, to attend the 28th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP28). People hope that this meeting will achieve more results and create more favorable conditions for the global response to climate change. We should not only pay attention to the set ultimate goal, but also find feasible paths and effective ways to promote it.

　　On December 12, 2015, in order to cope with the increasingly serious climate change problem, nearly 200 parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change unanimously agreed to adopt TheParis Agreement at the Paris Climate Change Conference to make arrangements for global action to deal with climate change after 2020. At this year’s COP28 conference, all parties will conduct the first global inventory since the Paris Agreement.

　　On September 8th, the report on the inventory results released by the United Nations showed the progress made since the Paris Summit in 2015, and pointed out that compared with the prediction made in 2010 that the global temperature would rise by 3.7-4.8 degrees Celsius by the end of this century, the predicted temperature rise is now 2.4-2.6 degrees Celsius, but it still far exceeds the goal of controlling the temperature at 2 degrees Celsius and trying to control it within 1.5 degrees Celsius.

　　At the same time, the report clearly pointed out that all parties need to respond to climate change in an all-round way with higher ambition and a stronger sense of urgency. At present, global greenhouse gas emissions are still increasing, and to achieve the above goals, global greenhouse gas emissions need to be reduced by 43% compared with 2019 levels by 2030 and 60% by 2035.

　　On the occasion of the upcoming global climate conference, The Paper’s Critical Point combed the climate commitment actions of some major countries in the world. In response to climate change, our window of time and opportunity is shrinking rapidly.

　　United States of America

　　It has been six months since the United States resumed its contribution to the United Nations Green Climate Fund (GCF) and allocated a new $1 billion. Rich countries, including the United States, have not yet fulfilled their climate funding commitments, and developing countries are facing the fact that the speed at which funds are put in place is far behind the increasingly severe extreme weather and climate events.

　　According to British media reports, on October 21 this year, the negotiations on implementing the "loss and damage fund" first proposed at last year’s UN Climate Conference to help countries with fragile climate rebuild their homes reached an impasse. The United States and the European Union proposed that the World Bank should host the fund. However, questa, Chairman of the Group of 77, believes that the effectiveness of the World Bank’s decision-making is difficult to cope with the climate crisis. In addition, if the fund must operate within the legal structure of the World Bank, the wider sources of funds may be limited.

　　Not only is the operation of funds stagnant, but the amount of funds raised at present is still insufficient for the reconstruction of countries with fragile climate. According to American media reports on October 6, at the donor conference held in Bonn, Germany, developed countries promised to provide 9.3 billion US dollars to supplement green climate funds. However, NGOs believe that these funds are not enough to help countries with fragile climate to cope with climate change. It is worth noting that the United States is one of the few developed countries that have not provided new funds.

　　Nine years ago, the United States promised to provide $3 billion to the Green Climate Fund, but so far it has only injected $2 billion. Of the $11.4 billion pledged by US President Biden to developing countries, the country’s Congress only approved $1 billion. In fact, as early as the 15th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP15) held in Copenhagen in 2009, the United States and other rich countries promised to raise 100 billion dollars annually for climate action in developing countries by 2020. This goal was reaffirmed at COP21 in Paris and extended to 2025. According to reports, the current funding gap is as high as $17 billion per year.

　　Fossil fuel subsidies are still soaring, despite the delays in climate finance in rich countries. According to the global regulatory organization Energy Policy Tracker, the public funds flowing to fossil fuels in G20 countries will reach a record $1.4 trillion, more than double the amount before the COVID-19 outbreak in 2019.

　　Restricted by domestic social contradictions and inflation, it is difficult to cancel fossil fuel subsidies in the United States. In the United States, the Supreme Court, which has been dominated by the Republican Party for a long time, keeps opening the floodgates of money politics for the wealthy class. The accumulated polarization between the rich and the poor has laid the groundwork for the social phenomenon that high oil prices are often accompanied by a decline in the support rate of presidential polls. On the other hand, unlike other countries, subsidies in the United States are mainly tax relief for fossil fuel companies, that is, by providing credit and expense deduction to energy producers to reduce production costs.

　　Saudi Arabia

　　Under the pressure of decarbonization, Saudi Arabia, the world’s largest crude oil exporter, launched a comprehensive action to deal with climate change and reduce carbon emissions in 2021 to reduce domestic carbon emissions, including achieving "net zero" greenhouse gas emissions by 2060, planting 50 billion trees in the Middle East in the next few decades, and launching a $10.4 billion clean energy project for the region.

　　However, according to the Financial Times reported on July 23rd, several countries, led by Saudi Arabia, tried their best to stop G20′ s call to reduce the use of fossil fuels. At the same time, Reuters reported that Saudi Arabia and other countries opposed G20′ s proposal to triple renewable energy production capacity by 2030. Saudi Aramco announced in 2021 that it plans to increase crude oil production from 12 million barrels per day to 13 million barrels per day by 2027. According to Agence France-Presse, the total profit announced by Saudi Aramco in 2022 reached a record $161.1 billion.

　　Reduce the burning of fossil fuels at home, so that Saudi Arabia can free up more oil to sell abroad. In this regard, Saudi Arabia attempts to explain the rationality of this contradiction by implementing the "circular carbon economy" plan, which envisages continuing to exploit fossil fuels and adopting new technologies to capture, store or sell carbon emissions. At the same time, according to media reports, Saudi Arabia and other traditional fossil energy countries believe that it is unrealistic to tighten the "faucet" of fossil fuels immediately, and hydrocarbons such as oil, natural gas and coal will continue to become an important part of the global energy structure in the next few decades.

　　Saudi Arabia regards tackling climate change as a long challenge, but the International Energy Agency (IEA) released a report in May 2021, saying that if the world wants to achieve zero carbon emissions by 2050, governments and enterprises of all countries must immediately stop investing in new oil and gas projects. The unresolved issue is also the "carbon capture" technology promoted by Saudi Arabia — — The effectiveness of this technology has not been proved, and the cost of applying it to large-scale mining is too high.

　　"It is believed that the economy based on the exploitation and combustion of fossil fuels can be ‘ Loop ’ The idea is absurd, and the only way it works is to rely on technologies that don’t exist yet. " Matthew Archer, a researcher at the Geneva Institute, said in an interview with the media, "These measures … are full of ambitious and ambiguous language, with few specific plans and no accountability mechanism."

　　Japan

　　Coincidentally, Japan’s climate solution is also questioned. According to local media reports, on September 29th, Japan hosted the 3rd International Fuel Ammonia Conference, which focused on the theme of decarbonization of supply chain and shipping industry. This meeting is a sign of Japan’s commitment to a climate solution, but some experts believe that the solution may not meet the world timetable that urgently needs to reduce carbon emissions.

　　Consistent with all countries, Japan urgently needs to decarbonize the energy sector. At present, Japan plans to reduce the energy share of coal to 19% by 2030. At the meeting, the government and major industries described the vision of using ammonia (a gas composed of nitrogen and hydrogen) on a large scale in the foreseeable future, that is, reducing carbon dioxide emissions from coal-fired power plants by replacing fossil fuels with ammonia. Because ammonia combustion will not emit carbon dioxide, and the co-combustion equipment of existing coal-fired power plants in Japan does not need major transformation.

　　From a technical point of view, it seems feasible to burn ammonia to generate electricity. "Japan Times" reported on October 22nd that JERA, Japan’s largest power company, is testing the 20:80 ammonia-coal co-combustion ratio at Binan Thermal Power Station in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. It is reported that JERA’s goal is to gradually increase the proportion of ammonia-coal mixed combustion and realize 100% ammonia combustion by 2050.

　　However, with the government and enterprises eager to establish an ammonia fuel supply chain on a global scale, experts began to question the feasibility of ammonia as a decarbonization solution in Japan. Although ammonia will not emit carbon dioxide when it is fully burned, fossil fuel is an essential raw material for ammonia production.

　　In this regard, many Japanese power companies, including Mitsui & Co., Ltd., are exploring a new mode of ammonia production, that is, using fossil fuels to produce ammonia, and at the same time capturing 80%-90% of carbon emissions through CCS technology. Considering the high price and poor performance of CCS technology at present, some ongoing ammonia synthesis projects focus on developing technologies to produce ammonia through renewable energy. However, Motoichi Kato, deputy secretary-general of Japan Clean Fuel Ammonia Association (CFAA), told the media that all ammonia imported from Japan is still produced by traditional production methods, and the new ammonia production technology has not yet covered the whole world.

　　In addition to concerns about carbon emissions caused by ammonia production procedures, experts also said that producing such a large amount of ammonia may pollute the air and water quality. According to the Japan Times, Japan is expected to need 3 million tons of ammonia by 2030 and 30 million tons by 2050. Climate Integrate, an independent climate policy think tank in Japan, warned that fixing nitrogen from the atmosphere to produce ammonia may further disrupt the balance of the global nitrogen cycle. In addition, the increase of nitrogen will lead to eutrophication of marine ecosystem, as well as air pollution and groundwater pollution.

　　South Korea

　　Compared with the above countries, South Korea has not performed well in dealing with climate change in recent years. According to the report updated by Climate Action Tracker on July 17, 2023, the overall rating of South Korea’s actions to deal with climate change is classified as "seriously inadequate". Furthermore, South Korea’s climate policy and energy sector planning still lack the necessary speed and rigor, and can not embark on the road that conforms to the temperature limit of 1.5°C in the Paris Agreement.

　　After the change of government in South Korea in 2022, the country’s climate policy changed, deviating from the 100% renewable energy target previously set by the government. The new president Yin Xiyue publicly stated that the target was "too expensive". According to media reports, on March 21st this year, South Korea announced that it would lower the greenhouse gas emission target of the industrial sector in 2030. According to the plan, the Korean industrial sector is required to reduce carbon emissions by 11.4% compared with 2018 levels by 2030, while the emission reduction target set by the end of 2021 is 14.5%.

　　According to the plan, the carbon emission gap caused by the adjustment will be made up by increasing emission reduction overseas and replacing traditional energy with more renewable energy. However, given that South Korea has reneged on its climate commitments, the way to make up for the plan is still in doubt. According to the Climate Action Tracking Agency, in April 2021, South Korea announced at the leaders’ climate summit hosted by the United States that it would immediately stop providing financing for overseas coal projects. Just one month later, it announced the exception of renovation and approval of related projects.

　　On the other hand, Yin Xiyue decided to revive the nuclear power plan, overturning the previous president’s reform of phasing out nuclear power. It is reported that the Korean government promulgated the tenth power plan in January 2023, aiming at using nuclear energy to realize national decarbonization. Contrary to the original goal of limiting the proportion of nuclear energy to 30% by 2030, the latest goal is to increase the proportion of nuclear energy use to 34.6%.

　　In January 2012, South Korea promulgated the Renewable Energy Portfolio Standard (RPS). According to the International Energy Agency, the plan aims to expand the use of renewable energy and make it a promising market competitor. To this end, the 13 largest Korean power companies are required to increase the use of renewable energy to 14.5% and 17% in 2023 and 2024 respectively, and to reach 25% after 2026. However, according to Yonhap News Agency’s report on January 13th, 2023, the South Korean government lowered the RPS target for this year and next to 13% and 13.5% respectively, and the final goal was postponed until after 2030.

　　Canada

　　Countries that have failed to say what they must do in climate action include Canada. According to the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC), since 1990, the country has formulated nine climate plans, but failed to achieve the goals.

　　Even though Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau released a comprehensive emission reduction plan for 2030 on March 29th, 2022, listing a series of actions that the country will take to reduce climate pollution to 40% to 45% lower than the 2005 level by the end of this century, the plan still has many defects.

　　For example, the plan does not provide enough funds to help automobile suppliers increase the sales of electric vehicles according to the government’s goals. Secondly, there are criticisms that the goal is to reduce the climate pollution of the energy industry without limiting production, which will require fossil fuel companies to make great improvements in carbon capture technology.

　　In addition, a report on April 24th said that a recent study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences showed that the Canadian government and enterprises seriously underestimated the current domestic carbon emissions.

　　Britain

　　Backward climate action may also affect the activity of other countries in the field of climate governance. According to media reports on September 20th, British Prime Minister Sunak may dilute Britain’s plan to deal with climate change, including postponing the ban on the sale of new gasoline and diesel vehicles originally scheduled to take effect in 2030, greatly weakening the plan to phase out gas boilers by 2035, and not updating the energy efficiency regulations for housing construction.

　　Sunak said that he is still committed to the legally binding goal of achieving net zero emissions by 2050. At the same time, he also said that Britain can slow down its progress in achieving this goal because Britain is "far ahead of all other countries in the world." However, considering the national election in 2024, Reuters in the United Kingdom believes that Sunak leaked the news of reducing the green policy in order to gain the support of voters who are troubled by high inflation and stagnant economic growth.

　　Britain is the first country to set a legally binding "net zero" goal in 2050. Since 1990, with the closure of coal-fired power plants and the rise of offshore wind power, the country’s carbon emissions have dropped by nearly 50%. However, according to media reports on September 21st, the British government’s independent climate adviser said that Britain still has some shortcomings in achieving its climate goals, and diluting its plan to deal with climate change may further weaken its ability to fulfill its legal commitments.

[US stock index]

On Wednesday, November 13th, US Eastern Time, the three major US stock indexes were mixed, among which the S&P 500 index rose 0.02% to 5985.38 points. The Dow Jones index rose 0.11% to 43,958.19 points; The Nasdaq index fell 0.26% to 19,230.72.

American debt

On November 13th, the benchmark 10-year US bond yield was 4.44%, and the 2-year US bond yield, which is most sensitive to the Fed’s policy interest rate, was 4.27%.

[Hot American stocks]

Among popular US stocks, NVIDIA fell 1.36%, Apple rose 0.40%, Microsoft rose 0.51%, Amazon rose 2.48%, Google C fell 1.54%, Google A fell 1.51%, Meta fell 0.82%, Tesla rose 0.53%, TSMC fell 2.63%, AMD fell 3.02% and Intel rose 3.15.

[global index]

[China index]

On November 12th, overnight Hang Seng Technology Index futures fell by 4.04%, Nasdaq China Jinlong Index fell by 4.45%, and FTSE China A50 Index fell by 1.06%.

[China Stock Exchange]

In terms of popular Chinese stocks, Tencent Holdings (Hong Kong stocks) rose 0.00%, Alibaba rose 0.23%, Pinduoduo fell 0.34%, Netease fell 2.79%, Ctrip fell 3.03%, Baidu fell 0.40%, LI fell 1.15%, Xpeng Motors fell 2.16% and Weilai rose 0.87%.

[foreign exchange commodities]

[Global News]

The probability that the Fed will cut interest rates by 25 basis points in December rises to 82.5%.

According to CME’s "Fed Watch", the probability that the Fed will keep the current interest rate unchanged by December is 17.5%, and the cumulative probability of cutting interest rates by 25 basis points is 82.5%. The probability of keeping the current interest rate unchanged by January next year is 11.9%, the probability of cutting interest rates by 25 basis points is 61.7%, and the probability of cutting interest rates by 50 basis points is 26.5%.

OpenAI shares AI data center construction plan with US government, calling for expanding energy capacity.

OpenAI has shared information with US government officials about how to build an artificial intelligence (AI) data center, which is expected to consume 5 GW of electricity (which will be five times larger than the data center that the company is currently developing). This idea seems to be similar to Stargate, which is the code name of a $100 billion supercomputing data center that OpenAI discussed with its main supporter Microsoft. (Cailian)

Federal Reserve Moussalem: The market currently believes that the Fed may not cut interest rates significantly.

Federal Reserve Moussalem said that it is still too hasty to include Trump’s ruling prospect in December. As bond yields rise, the market also feels higher inflation risks, and there are signs that the market currently believes that the Fed may not cut interest rates significantly.

Federal Reserve Moussalem: There may be room for the policy to gradually relax to neutral interest rates.

Federal Reserve Moussalem said that there may be room for the policy to gradually relax to neutral interest rates, and there may be stronger data (at work) behind the rise in the term premium of national debt. Data since the last policy meeting show that the economy may be much stronger than expected. The inflation data is also strong, but it has not changed the view that the policy is developing in a neutral direction. The latest consumer price index data is "in line with expectations", but I hope to see the data continue to decline on a three-month basis. It is too hasty to include the prospect of Trump’s administration in December. Economic activity and data have become stronger, bringing the risk of inflation rebound.

Federal Reserve Moussalem: It is estimated that the inflation rate will approach 2% in 12-24 months.

Federal Reserve Moussalem said that the inflation rate is expected to approach 2% in 12-24 months; Monetary policy is in a tight state, but the overall financial environment is supportive of economic activities.

NVIDIA plans to cooperate with leading Japanese cloud computing companies such as GMO Internet Group and SAKURA Internet.

NVIDIA plans to develop a national AI infrastructure network by cooperating with leading Japanese cloud computing enterprises such as GMO Internet Group and SAKURA Internet. (Cailian)

Federal Reserve Musalem: In the case of inflation rate higher than 2%, monetary policy will remain "moderately tight"

Federal Reserve Musalem said that monetary policy will remain "moderately tight" when the inflation rate is higher than 2%. If inflation continues to fall, it is appropriate to cut interest rates further. The labor market is still in the range of full employment, and the strong economy is expected to achieve a "steady" performance in the fourth quarter. The economic growth in the United States is extensive, mainly driven by consumption, income growth, productivity, supportive financial conditions and wealth effects.

After the latest US CPI data is released, Citigroup still expects the Federal Reserve to cut interest rates by 50 basis points in December.

After the US CPI report in October met expectations and inflationary pressure generally eased, Citigroup economists still believe that the Fed will cut interest rates by 50 basis points in December. "Although the details are still unstable and not so’ normal’, the easing of salary pressure, the decline of short-term inflation expectations, and the continued pressure of high interest rates on housing demand and prices should reassure Fed officials about the slowdown in inflation," Veronica Clark and Andrew Hollenhorst wrote in a report on Wednesday. Citigroup’s basic forecast is still to cut interest rates by 50 basis points in December.

Meta Platforms will launch advertisements on short video platform Threads in early 2025.

Meta Platforms will launch advertisements on short video platform Threads in early 2025.

Google CEO: The first intercontinental submarine cable connecting the Asia-Pacific region with South America and Australia with Africa is under construction.

Google CEO said that the first intercontinental submarine cable connecting the Asia-Pacific region with South America and Australia with Africa is being built.

On September 12th, the new HARRIER and the new Harrier went on the market at the same time. Although it was only an annual modified model, the two cars had obvious innovations in product strength and configuration.

Let’s look at Rongfang first. The new car has launched nine models including fuel, smart electric hybrid twin-engine and smart plug-in twin-engine. Hybrid has become the absolute main force, and the official price range is 169,800-297,800 yuan. At the same time, various generous preferential policies have been introduced, which greatly reduced the actual car purchase threshold.

Rongfang is a very classic model, known as the originator of urban SUV, the core force of Toyota in the compact SUV market and the star player in the SUV market for a long time.

The new Rongfang overall style fashion movement uses a lot of bold and distinctive designs, which still has obvious visual impact even though it has been on the market for some time. The upgrade of this new car focuses on the internal and external details of the Fashion PLUS version, and the front grille, front and rear bumper guards, wheel eyebrows, and side and rear door trim strips have all been adjusted. Of course, these adjustments are more about tinkering with the old models and basically maintaining respect for the old models.

The new Rongfang interior design still maintains the family design style. The center of the cockpit is a large-size suspended central control panel, three circular steering wheels are easy to use, and the mechanical gear handle is also convenient to operate, while retaining a large number of physical buttons. The new model has been slightly upgraded in the interior material and color, such as the color and grain of the door panel, the door handle in the car has also been added with new decorative strips, and the details of the leather package such as the central armrest and the baffle handle have also been partially adjusted. Of course, these changes are relatively slight, and the overall taste is still familiar. The familiar formula will not be unfamiliar.

In terms of space, the length, width and height of the new Rongfang are 4600 (4610)/1855 (1865)/1680 (1685) mm respectively, and the wheelbase is 2690mm, which is basically the same as that of the old models. It is still positioned as a compact SUV, and the actual riding experience has not changed much.

In terms of power, the new Rongfang offers a wealth of choices. The fuel version of the 2.0L engine has a maximum power of 126 kW and a peak torque of 209 Nm. According to different configurations, the comprehensive power of the 2.5L dual-engine version is 160 kW and 163 kW respectively. The 2.5L plug-in hybrid version of the single motor version has a comprehensive power of 194 kW and a pure electric cruising range of 78 km. The dual-motor (four-wheel drive) version is 225 kilowatts, and the pure electric cruising range is 73 kilometers.

Lingfang is larger in size and higher in level than Rongfang, but its market influence and terminal sales are far less than Rongfang.

The new Lingfang is fashionable and avant-garde, and it seems to have a strong visual impact with Lexus temperament. It is known as Toyota’s "most beautiful SUV". The front face of the new car adopts an approximate X-shaped design, the huge blackened T-shaped air intake is very eye-catching, and the sharp headlights are connected by a chrome strip in the middle, which improves the integrity of the front face.

The profile of the new Lingfang emphasizes the dynamic sense, and an inclined waistline runs through the whole car, which brings a strong sense of dive. The chrome-plated strip of the slightly raised lower porthole makes the body expression richer.

As for the interior, the new Lingfang has adopted a family style similar to Rongfang’s, and the material and technology have maintained the basic level of Lingfang. Although it is slightly conservative compared with the new forces, it is more in line with driving habits in actual use.

In terms of space, the length, width and height of the new car are 4755/1855/1660mm and the wheelbase is 2690mm, which are basically the same as the current models, and the actual ride experience is exactly the same.

As an annual modified model, the biggest change of the new car is that it is equipped with a brand-new hybrid system, and provides a 2.0L naturally aspirated engine and a 2.5L power option. The 2.0L engine has a maximum power of 126 kW and a maximum torque of 206 Nm. The 2.5L hybrid vehicle has a combined power of 160 kW for two-wheel drive and 163 kW for four-wheel drive, matching the E-CVT continuously variable gearbox.

　　Since China’s accession to the WTO (hereinafter referred to as WTO), China has fully fulfilled its commitment to tariff concessions, scientifically and finely adjusted the tariff rate, tax items and special preferential tax policies within the scope of WTO rules, effectively exerted the macro-control function of tariffs, and gradually established a relatively complete tariff system that adapts to the domestic and international economic development trends.

　　(oneThe tariff policy system is improving day by day. First, the tariff level has been greatly reduced. from1992Since the end of the year, China has started a substantial process of independent tax reduction.2001Before China’s entry into WTO in, the general tariff level was changed from43.2%Drop to15.3%, a drop of up to65%.2001Since, China has reduced import tariffs year by year in accordance with its WTO commitments, up to2010In, the commitment of tax reduction after China’s entry into WTO has been fully fulfilled, and the overall tariff level has changed from that before China’s entry into WTO.15.3%Further reduce to9.8%, a drop of up to36%. Among them, the average tax rate of agricultural products is from pre-WTO18.8%Drop to15.2%The average tax rate of industrial products is from before China’s entry into WTO14.7%Drop to8.9%. Compared with the tariff rates promised by member countries to the WTO, China’s overall tariff level is higher than that of the EU (5.3%), the United States (3.5%) and other major developed countries, but significantly lower than India (48.5%), Indonesia (37.1%), Mexico (36.1%) Brazil (31.4%), Argentina (31.9%) and South Africa (19%) and most other developing countries, less than the average tariff rate of countries around the world (40%) of1/4. Among them,15.2%The average tax rate of agricultural products is not only lower than that of most developing countries, but also significantly lower than that of Norway (130.9%), Switzerland (48%) and Japan (22.2%) and other developed countries, about the average tax rate of agricultural products in the world (57.6%) of1/4;8.9%The average tax rate of industrial products is lower than that of most developing countries and less than the average tax rate of industrial products in the world (thirty percent) of1/3. Compared with the actual level of tariff burden, China is even lower. According to WTO statistics,2009The ratio of China’s tariff revenue to total imports in was only1.8%, not only lower than most developing countries such as India, Argentina and Egypt, but also lower than developed countries such as Australia and New Zealand, and similar to developed countries such as Japan and the United States.

　　The second isThe tariff items are further refined.1992In, China began to set up tariff items based on the Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System of the World Customs Organization. According to the international practice, the tariff items were set aseightBit encoding, and respectively in the1996Years,2002Nianhe2007In, the Harmonized System with the World Customs Organization was revised synchronously, and the pace of revision was consistent with that of developed countries and faster than that of most developing countries. At the same time, according to the needs of customs supervision and the rapid development of science and technology, some products, new technology products and commodities subject to import and export management measures unique to China have been added.eight hundredMultiple national subheadings,eightNumber of tax items by2001Annual7111Gradually increase2011Annual7977A.

　　The third isThe tariff structure has been continuously optimized. In recent years, while the overall level of tariffs has gradually declined, the structure of China’s tariff rate has been continuously optimized. The import tariffs on primary products such as energy, resources and raw materials have been greatly reduced, and the import tariffs on intermediate products such as some key parts and important mechanical and electrical equipment have been selectively reduced. Take gasoline and diesel oil as an example, the import tariff has changed from before China’s entry into WTO.1996Annual9%Down to the current implementation1%and0%. At present, the tax rate of imported energy and resource products in China generally does not exceed5%Among them, key commodities such as crude oil, coal and iron ore have been subject to zero tariffs. The import tariffs on consumer goods have been greatly reduced. Such as automobile import tariffs by1996Annual100%-120%Fall to the present25%, the decline is nearly80%In the past ten years, the tax reduction process of developed countries has been completed for 50 or 60 years, while the automobile tariffs of India and Brazil, both BRICS countries, are as high as.57%and35%. At present, China’s tariff rate on imported cosmetics, clothing, bags, shoes, hats, watches and other consumer goods is at a medium-low level internationally. Louis Vuitton made in France (LV) handbags, for example, China’s import tariffs are10%South Korea and India are respectively8%and10%, the United States and Japan are9%and12%The tariffs imposed by Brazil and South Africa arethirty percent. After more than ten years of adjustment, the average tax rates of primary products, intermediate products and finished products in China are about5.9%、6.7%and10.6%, and1996Three kinds of products in9.7%、16%and26.2%Compared with the tax rate, not only the tax rate is greatly reduced, but also the structure is obviously improved, which basically realizes the transformation from "high level and narrow tax base" to "low level and wide tax base" and forms a more reasonable tax rate structure.

　　(2) The role of tariff control has been effectively exerted. First, adjust the provisional import tax rate and optimize the structure of imported goods. In recent years, China has made centralized adjustments to import tariffs every year in the form of provisional tax rates, focusing on reducing the import tax rates of important energy resources products, agricultural means of production, basic industrial raw materials, advanced technical equipment and key parts, and some commodities closely related to people’s daily lives, and expanding the scope of commodities involved year by year.2011At the beginning of the year660A number of commodities are subject to provisional import tax rates, and the average tax rate is lower than5%Compared with the most-favored-nation tax rate, the preferential margin reaches50%Above. Since then, according to the changes in macroeconomic operation, since2011yearsevenmoononeSince June, it has further reduced some energy raw materials such as refined oil, non-ferrous metal raw materials and textile raw materials, as well as some disaster relief items and daily commodities.33The import tariff of a commodity, the preferential margin reached.50%. The implementation of the provisional import tax rate has effectively promoted the import of related commodities and the development of upstream and downstream industries, and played an important role in meeting the needs of economic and social development. On the one hand, the import of energy, resources, raw materials and other primary products located in the upstream of the industrial chain has continued to grow rapidly, and its proportion has been continuously improved, which has strongly supported domestic industrial production and economic construction; On the other hand, the imports of consumer goods located in the lower reaches of the industrial chain have also maintained steady growth, which has played a positive role in enriching domestic market supply and promoting domestic consumption growth. According to the statistics of customs trade,2011In, China imported primary products and consumer goods respectively.6043.8Billion dollars and1059.1Billion US dollars, a year-on-year increase.39.3%and34.5%, both higher than24.9%The overall increase of imports, accounting for the total import34.7%and6.1%The proportion has increased year on year.3.7and0.5Percentage points.

　　The second isConstantly enrich tax collection methods and effectively play the role of tariff leverage. The method of taxation is becoming more and more complete. At present, in addition to ad valorem tax, China also applies sliding duties to imported cotton beyond quota, selective tax to imported natural rubber, compound tax to imported electronic video recording equipment, specific tax to imported photosensitive materials and seasonal tax to exported chemical fertilizers. Different tax methods are adopted according to the characteristics of different commodities, which not only fully considers the interests of many parties, takes care of the relationship between upstream and downstream industries, but also comprehensively balances the relationship between supply and demand, and has received good regulatory effects. At the same time, the leverage of tariffs is effectively exerted. In recent years, according to the changes in the international and domestic economic situation and other regulatory measures introduced by the state, we have effectively responded by adjusting import and export tariffs in a timely manner.2007The price of raw materials in the international market rose in,2008The price of grain products in domestic and foreign markets rose in,2009Foreign trade fell sharply in,2010International commodity prices rose in,2011The complicated situation, such as excessive annual price increase, has effectively ensured that the domestic market supply and the overall price level are basically stable.

　　The third isImplement special preferential tariff policies to promote scientific development. In recent years, by formulating preferential tax policies on tariffs and import links, we have vigorously supported industrial transformation and upgrading and independent innovation of enterprises, effectively cooperating with the implementation of national development plans such as ten key industries, strategic emerging industries and major scientific and technological projects. At the same time, the orientation of tariff policy is further tilted towards public utilities such as science, education, health, culture and public welfare, supporting the improvement of people’s livelihood. such as2008The preferential tax policy for import of major technical equipment, implemented since, exempts key parts and raw materials imported by domestic enterprises for R&D and production of major technical equipment from customs duties and import value-added tax, and cancels the corresponding tax-free policy for import of complete machines and complete sets of equipment. With the support of this policy, domestic200A number of equipment manufacturing enterprises have developed a number of products with independent intellectual property rights and core technologies by introducing technology to digest, absorb and innovate, and achieved leap-forward development.

　　The next step is to strengthen the preliminary thinking of tariff system construction: First, pay more attention to the scientific and planning adjustment of tariff rate and tax items, and change from reactive and temporary adjustment to active and forward-looking adjustment, forming an efficient, scientific and strict policy adjustment mechanism. Second, pay more attention to the construction of tariff policy system, further strengthen and improve the role of tariff leverage, and change from studying and introducing individual policies to strengthening policy coordination and policy convergence, so that tariff policies and other regulatory measures can form a joint force and enhance the regulatory effect. Third, pay more attention to the performance evaluation of tariff policy, from paying attention to policy design to paying attention to the evaluation of policy implementation effect, optimize the evaluation model and improve the evaluation method. In addition, the Ministry of Finance will actively and steadily promote various multilateral and bilateral tariff negotiations in accordance with the principle of mutual benefit and win-win, and change from designing a single negotiation plan to making a master plan and formulating a standardized negotiation plan.

In the beautiful Xishuangbanna Prefecture of Yunnan, there is a young Chongqing native who manages a large banana plantation with an area of more than 3,000 mu alone. He is Cen, the general manager of Dongting Agricultural Development Co., Ltd. in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, and the famous "banana king" born in 1980s.

Carrying 500 yuan into the world

"The world is so big, don’t walk around and see more, how do you know what career is best for you?" Cen was born in Hechuan rural area. After finishing high school there in 2006, he went to Foshan, Guangdong, alone with the only cash from 500 yuan, and started a dream-seeking journey.

In a small electrical appliance factory in Foshan, he found a job in product quality control, with a monthly salary less than that of 1000 yuan. Because of his hard work, Cen was promoted to department head one year later, and his monthly salary rose to 3,000 yuan. Working part-time is not easy, and overtime is a common occurrence, especially in the peak sales season, when Cen works more than 15 hours a day. With the passage of time, the idea of "starting your own business" became stronger and stronger in his heart. At the end of 2007, Cen resigned and returned to Chongqing.

2008 is a turning point for Cen. This year, he came to Xishuangbanna, Yunnan with his family to develop banana planting. "The land here is relatively wide, and bananas are suitable for planting here." Cen said that his relatives also planted bananas in Xishuangbanna at that time.

The barren hills turned into banana forests.

When he first arrived in Xishuangbanna, Cen did all kinds of odd jobs in his own 200-acre banana garden, weeding and fertilizing himself, and sunburn and sprained feet never happened less. A year later, watching the original barren hillside turn into a banana forest, and calculating that every input from 1 yuan will turn into the output from 2.5 yuan, Cen felt that all the previous efforts were worthwhile.

Cen attaches great importance to adopting the latest planting techniques, and at the same time, she is particularly hard-working, and she has to drill into the banana forest for inspection almost every day. It takes at least half a day to patrol the 200-acre banana garden. Slowly, Cen developed a pair of "critical eyes" and could see all kinds of pests and diseases at a glance. "Like heartworms, thistles, filariasis, etc., once they appear, they must be dealt with in time." Cen said.

At the beginning of 2010, Guangxi, Hainan and other major banana producing areas had bumper harvests, which made Yunnan bananas, which had not been sold in previous years, encounter the dilemma of "nobody cares". Looking at the bananas that had already hung in the ground, Cen was puzzled. "At that time, my head was big. Later, I remembered that a friend at home wholesaled bananas in Panxi Market in Chongqing, so I called him."

"You can take bananas to Panxi and sell them yourself." Cen was moved by a friend’s suggestion. He immediately rented a truck and personally transported more than 20 tons of bananas to Chongqing Panxi Fruit Wholesale Market, which was sold out in less than one day. Through this sale, Cen has also established contact with many merchants, and the products have opened up a market.

Get rich and never forget your hometown

Young Cen also has a strong interest in e-commerce platform. He is trying to make good use of the Internet, a brand-new sales channel, to be a "banana e-commerce" in the new era, and at the same time to build his own official website to fully promote his banana garden.

Cen said that when he was in a foreign land, he often missed home and all kinds of delicious food in his hometown: "Peach slices, meat slices and spicy hot pot in Hechuan always make his mouth water. Every time my family comes to Yunnan, I always want them to bring as many Chongqing specialties as possible … "

Today, enterprises in Cen are among the best in Xishuangbanna, with a planting area of more than 3,000 mu and an annual income of more than 30 million yuan. In April this year, Cen built a restaurant in the center of Hechuan District, his hometown, which can accommodate 180 guests at the same time. This restaurant has nearly 100 employees, more than 90% of whom are Hechuan locals. "I have been homesick for so many years, which is also a little contribution to Hechuan." Cen said.

　　　 Bubble net Audio Channel on June 6th. From the birth of the first innovative 2.1 speaker PCWorks 2.1 to now, the multimedia speaker industry in China has developed for more than ten years. It can be said that while people are demanding more and more sound, they are also very picky about the appearance of products. Wood veneer, piano paint, wire drawing and other technologies are integrated into the products, resulting in a variety of design styles.

　　　 Note: The "domestic" mentioned by the author in the title refers to the domestic multimedia speaker market, not domestic brands, and does not include high-end audio.

Innovating the first 2.1 speaker PCWorks 2.1

◎ Tips

　　　 PCWorks was originally a subsidiary of Creative in the United States, a sub-brand of multimedia speakers of CambrIDE SoundWorks, a famous Hi-Fi factory. PCWorks speakers were designed by the Emmy Award winner, a world audio authority, and entered the China market in 1997. At that time, PCWorks 2.1 was the first to introduce the concept of X.1 speakers, and the application of independent subwoofers greatly improved the sound quality of speakers.

　　　 In these years, how many products have left a deep impression on us with novel designs? If you want to know the answer, let’s take a look at the most beautiful speakers selected by the author in the domestic multimedia speaker market.

● Generation V6cs

　　　 Appearance innovation: ★★★★
　　　 Word of mouth evaluation: ★★★★★
　　　 Comprehensive evaluation: ★★★★☆.

　　　 Generation V6cs, this speaker impacted the domestic multimedia speaker market at the price of around 500 yuan in 2005, which brought unprecedented pressure to 2.1 speakers. Its unique styling design and excellent sound quality performance have so far made many users forget it.

Generation V6cs

Generation V6cs

　　　 The subwoofer of this era V6cs speaker is the highlight of this speaker. The front panel of the subwoofer is designed with a butterfly-shaped metal baffle and is convex. Inside the subwoofer is a 6-inch long-stroke bass unit, and there is an orange power lamp below, which can emit faint light through the front baffle to make the finishing touch.

　　　 In terms of satellite box, this speaker uses a 3-inch full-frequency antimagnetic unit, which was a model that was used more in the generation of speakers at that time. There is also a passive unit behind the satellite box, which lays the foundation for improving the overall sound quality.

● Grand Pole A6

　　　 Appearance innovation: ★★★★★
　　　 Word of mouth evaluation: ★★★★★
　　　 Comprehensive evaluation: ★★★★★

　　　 In the early years, Taiji Dian was also a leader in the multimedia speaker market in China. Later, with the development, they gradually moved closer to the professional field and separated from the ordinary consumer groups. However, we have to admit the success of the A6 2.1 multimedia speaker of Dajidian.

Dajidian A6

　　　 The A6 speaker of this grand classic adopts the design of vacuum tube preamplifier, which satisfies the users who have high requirements on dynamics and sound quality. From the modeling point of view, it is even better than the previous generation V6cs, with a unique metal panel and a black piano paint box on both sides, all of which make the Grand Pole A6 not lose to any 2.1 multimedia speaker sold at that time.

　　　 In addition to the characteristics of half the multimedia speakers, we can see a unique feature in this grand classic A6, that is, there is a control called "phase switch" on the back of the speaker, which can only be seen on high-end audio. However, for the first time, Taiji Dian introduced this concept into multimedia speakers, which inadvertently became the focus at that time.

● hivi T120

　　　 Appearance innovation: ★★★★★
　　　 Word of mouth evaluation: ★★★★★☆.
　　　 Comprehensive evaluation: ★★★★★☆.

　　　 Hivi can be said to enjoy a high evaluation in the domestic multimedia speaker industry, and is also sought after by HiFi people. In hivi 2.1 speaker products, it must be T120 to talk about "looks". At that time, it seemed that the triangular section panel design was the focus of attention unconsciously.

Hivi T120

　　　 Hivi T120 speaker was priced at more than 900 yuan when it was listed at that time, and the overall workmanship and sound quality of the speaker were unquestionable, which was well received by consumers. The innovative triangular panel design with a piano paint box makes people have to admire hivi’s strength in speaker design and production. In the follow-up products, we can still see similar designs, such as hivi’s T200 series.

　　　 It is understood that the total output power of hivi T120 speakers can reach 120W, which is very rare in the current 2.1 speakers. Its materials are unambiguous, and four LM 1875 integrated power amplifiers guarantee its excellent sound quality. In terms of units, hivi T120 adopts F6BN bass unit and M3N full-frequency unit, and the overall performance is absolutely shocking. It can be said that the launch of this T120 speaker occupied an absolute dominant position at that time, and many people are still using it.

● hivi M20W

　　　 Appearance innovation: ★★★★☆.
　　　 Word of mouth evaluation: ★★★★★
　　　 Comprehensive evaluation: ★★★★★

　　　 We have to admire hivi’s strength in product design. At that time, this M20W conquered many users with the shape of "small waist drum". Its successor, M20W(08) version, was modified in the line control and bass unit, and was immediately welcomed by many users after its launch, becoming one of the best-selling 2.1 multimedia speakers at that time.

Hivi M20W

Hivi M20W(08)

　　　 The appearance of the M-20W is still the classical and luxurious style that hivi insists on. It is made of bordeaux logs with elegant black piano paint on the top and a black front panel with hivi LOGO. The unique shape of the box makes it look like three semicircular chocolate cakes, which is very attractive. M-20W’s two satellite speakers use hivi’s 3-inch full-band antimagnetic speaker unit, which has quite good sound effect, clean and clear high frequency, and soft voice without losing density. The subwoofer is a professional 6-inch long-stroke high-power speaker unit in hivi, and its low-frequency performance is strong and thick.

● Rambler M3

　　　 Appearance innovation: ★★★★★☆.
　　　 Word of mouth evaluation: ★★★ ☆.
　　　 Comprehensive evaluation: ★★★★★

　　　 Just finished the "small waist drum" in front of hivi, let’s take a look at the M3 of Rambler. It can be said that it is a breakthrough and innovative design with the "barrel" type, and it is known as the "small steel gun". It quickly became popular with its novel and unique reality, but the most controversial thing at that time was its sound quality performance.

Rambler M3

Rambler M3 Plus

　　　 Rambler M3 adopts aluminum metal tube subwoofer and is equipped with high-power aluminum voice coil, which can effectively prevent resonance. It has built-in OLC power amplifier, which can produce strong bass effect. The high-pitched unit of the satellite box adopts a special aluminum diaphragm and a 1.5-inch paper basin, and all units are made of high-performance NdFeB magnetic steel, which can effectively reduce distortion. This rambler M3 is still selling well, and its follow-up product M3 Plus also landed in Zhongguancun not long ago, and the recruits and veterans fought together on the battlefield.

● Mai Bo A-6351

　　　 Appearance innovation: ★★★★★☆.
　　　 Word of mouth evaluation: ★★★ ☆.
　　　 Comprehensive evaluation: ★★★★★

　　　 Mai Bo’s A-6351 speaker can be said to have stood the test since it went on the market. It has persisted under the pressure of people’s evaluation such as "imitation" and "cloning", which proves its success. At present, we can still buy this speaker at a price less than that of 500 yuan, which can really be called "being old and strong".

Mai Bo A-6351

　　　 This speaker adopts 2.1+1 structure, all of which are transparent except the independent power amplifier, and the viewing degree is extremely high. The subwoofer uses a 5.25-inch subwoofer. The transparent shell is like a cover, with an upward inverter tube in the middle and four transparent legs at the bottom. The bass unit is designed to boost the ground, and the saturation and intensity of low frequency are not bad, and the performance is vigorous and strong. The satellite box uses a 2.5-inch medium-high frequency speaker unit, and the overall output power of the speaker is 44W.

● Innovative I-Trigger-3600

　　　 Appearance innovation: ★★★★★☆.
　　　 Word of mouth evaluation: ★★★ ☆.
　　　 Comprehensive evaluation: ★★★★★

　　　 Speaking of the innovative I-Trigger-3600 speaker, we have to mention its satellite box design. Although the three units of the satellite box are not so novel today, it really left a deep impression on consumers at that time.

Innovation I-trigger-3600

Innovation I-trigger-5600

　　　　Then innovation seized this selling point and launched a 5.1-channel speaker with 16 units-I-Trigger-5600. The innovative I-Trigue series speakers use titanium alloy units different from traditional speakers. This unit is small in size, and the sound quality is unambiguous. In addition, the unique design of its box structure makes the small speakers also emit quite a sense of bass.

　　　 Good sound quality and outstanding modeling at that time laid the foundation for the innovation of I-Trigger-3600. Even now, it can still compete with the 2.1 multimedia speakers on the market.

Write at the end.

　　　 Well, the above are the seven 2.1 speakers with the most beautiful designs selected by the author in the domestic multimedia speaker market. Here, we can find that most speaker manufacturers have launched follow-up products due to the success of their products. Although some have withdrawn from the historical stage, some can still be seen in the market today. Anyway, their glory is worth remembering forever. <

　　A few days ago, the statistics released by the Ministry of Finance showed that from January to April, the national general public budget revenue was 8,317.1 billion yuan, up 11.9% year-on-year; General public budget expenditure was 8,641.8 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 6.8%. Overall, fiscal revenue continued to rise steadily, and fiscal expenditure maintained a high intensity. Experts said that the fiscal revenue and expenditure structure was further optimized and balanced in the first four months, reflecting that fiscal sustainability has improved with the steady recovery of the economy.

　　It is reported that in the first four months, the national general public budget revenue increased by 11.9% year-on-year, which was not only driven by economic recovery growth, but also affected by some special factors. For example, part of the income at the end of 2021 was put into storage at the beginning of last year, raising the base and lowering the income growth. Last year, small and medium-sized enterprises in the manufacturing industry deferred taxes and some taxes were put into storage at the wrong time this year, which boosted the income growth this year. In addition, a large-scale tax refund policy was implemented in April last year, and it returned to normal this year. The tax refund amount was greatly reduced year-on-year, which directly increased the income growth in April to 70%, which correspondingly increased the cumulative income growth from January to April. After deducting the above-mentioned special factors, from January to April, the national general public budget revenue increased by about 4% on a comparable basis, and the comparable growth rate increased by 1 percentage point compared with the first quarter, continuing the steady recovery trend.

　　General public budget revenue consists of tax revenue and non-tax revenue. From the perspective of tax revenue, from January to April, the national tax revenue totaled 7,037.9 billion yuan, up 12.9% year-on-year, and increased by about 4% after deducting special factors such as tax rebates.

　　Statistics show that from January to April, the domestic value-added tax increased by 58%, and increased by about 10% after deducting the tax rebate factor, which was mainly driven by factors such as economic recovery growth and the slow tax payment of small and medium-sized enterprises in manufacturing last year. Domestic consumption tax decreased by 17.9%, and value-added tax and consumption tax on imported goods decreased by 12%, mainly due to the high base in the same period last year. In addition, corporate income tax increased by 3.7% year-on-year.

　　The real estate market is still gradually recovering, with deed tax increasing by 6.3%, which has rebounded for three consecutive months, mainly driven by factors such as narrowing the decline of land transfer income and the recovery of second-hand housing market in some key cities; Property tax increased by 20.5%, and urban land use tax increased by 11.5%, mainly because the income in some areas was put into storage in advance at the wrong time; Farmland occupation tax decreased by 8.8%, and land value-added tax decreased by 15.2%.

　　Bai Yanfeng, a professor at the School of Finance and Taxation of the Central University of Finance and Economics, believes that from January to April, the national general public budget revenue and tax revenue achieved double-digit growth, even after deducting incomparable factors such as tax rebate, it also achieved positive growth, especially the growth rate of the first tax value-added tax after deducting the tax rebate factor still reached about 10%, and the income tax of the second tax enterprise also achieved positive growth. "These indicators all show that China’s national economy is fully recovering and getting better."

　　"Tax indicators that mainly reflect the status of business entities, such as value-added tax and corporate income tax, show a year-on-year growth trend, reflecting China’s strong economic resilience, great potential and full vitality. The proactive fiscal policy will further release the potential of optimizing the economic structure, continue to improve the effectiveness and accuracy of the policy, and promote the consolidation of the economic recovery momentum. " Li Xuhong, director of the Institute of Finance and Taxation Policy and Application of Beijing National Accounting Institute, said.

　　From the perspective of fiscal expenditure, financial departments at all levels strengthen the overall planning of financial resources, maintain the necessary expenditure intensity, and increase investment in weak links and key areas of economic and social development. Statistics show that from January to April, the national general public budget expenditure increased by 6.8% year-on-year. Key expenditures such as basic livelihood, rural revitalization, major regional strategies, education, and scientific and technological research have been effectively guaranteed. Among them, social security and employment expenditure increased by 10.3%; Education expenditure increased by 6.9%; Health expenditure increased by 8.7%; Urban and rural community expenditure increased by 3.1%; Expenditure on agriculture, forestry and water increased by 8%; Expenditure on science and technology increased by 9%; Expenditure on housing security increased by 8.9%.

　　Li Xuhong analyzed that the implementation of fiscal expenditure was strengthened in the first four months, especially in the fields of people’s livelihood and science and technology. "In the future, we should further optimize the structure of fiscal expenditure and give full play to fiscal funds &lsquo; Four or two thousand catties &rsquo; The role of effectively promoting the expansion of investment in the whole society and promoting the recovery and growth of consumption. "

　　Special debt plays an important role in promoting the expansion of effective investment and maintaining stable economic operation. Statistics show that from January to April, 1,857.5 billion yuan of local government bonds were issued for project construction, including 330.3 billion yuan of general bonds, which were mainly used for the construction of non-profit public welfare projects such as rural revitalization, pollution prevention and control, and reinforcement of small reservoirs. The special bonds amounted to 1,527.2 billion yuan, which were mainly used for municipal construction and industrial park infrastructure, social undertakings, transportation infrastructure, affordable housing projects, agriculture, forestry and water conservancy and other key areas identified by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, and promoted the construction and implementation of a large number of projects that benefited people’s livelihood, supplemented shortcomings and strong and weak items.

　　The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Finance said that the next step will be to work with relevant departments to guide local governments to continue to do a good job in the reserve of special bond projects in accordance with the key areas determined by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, continuously improve the quality of reserve projects, and give full play to the fund efficiency of special bonds.

1905 movie network news The first female film "Half the Sky" produced by Jia Zhangke and co-produced by BRICS countries will land in the national cinema on May 10th. The film tells stories about women in five different countries and backgrounds through five short films with different styles and characteristics. It not only redefines women’s strength, but also highlights women’s social and family values. The day before the release, the secrets of the four highlights of the film were revealed to the audience in advance.

Aspect 1: BRICS countries cooperate again to present wonderful stories.

The film "Half the Sky" shows the unique folk customs of each country through five short stories. For example, the traditional food "jiaozi" representing China families, the new trend of Russian young people communicating through dating websites and the daily life of traditional Indian families. Among them, actors Wang Luodan and Liu Bei play a mother and daughter in China’s jiaozi, showing the career worries of professional women and the life troubles of housewives one by one.

Aspect 2: Pay attention to the global hot topic "Online dating" and lead a heated discussion.

"Half the Sky" presents the common problems of female groups with five stories with different styles but equally wonderful. The film presents hot topics of global concern in recent years, such as South African female athletes being suspected of their gender, and Russia’s online dating has become a common practice but "seeing death". At the same time, China, Brazil and India all focus on the family, from housewives and professional women to family of origin’s injury and infatuation. Different storylines resonate with different audiences: "South African articles make people feel deeply, and gender can’t restrict us from doing anything. Women can also have strength and willpower beyond men." "When you questioned that women didn’t make money for their families, you didn’t expect that they created value far higher than money."

Aspect 3: picturesque, a wonderful trip with multi-cultural integration

The distinctive film styles and pictures in Half the Sky are a highlight. jiaozi is soft and warm, which makes the audience feel at home. "Online Lover" is colorful, and the color matching of the green grass red skirt is passionate and unrestrained, presenting a Russian village like an oil painting version &hellip; &hellip; The five female directors also incorporated their unique cultural customs into the film, showing the unique social environment and women’s status of each country while the film plot developed, bringing the audience a wonderful international trip.

Aspect 4: Assembling international outstanding female directors and focusing on "half the sky"

"Half the Sky" was directed by creative female film directors from China, Russian, Indian, Brazil and South Africa. China director Liu Yulin has been selected for Berlin Film Festival, Busan Film Festival, Taiwan Golden Horse Award and many other domestic and foreign film festivals. The film independently directed by Brazilian director daniela thomas was selected as the grand view unit of the 2017 Berlin Film Festival. The works of Russian director Elizabethan Stishova and South African director Sarah Blanck have been shortlisted for several international film festivals. It is worth mentioning that the Indian short film "Mom’s Holiday" was created by the team, and the director Ashwini Yiye Tiwari was voted as one of the most influential women in India by Indian magazines.

The film "Half the Sky" will land in the national cinema before Mother’s Day on May 10th.