According to the public data of the Ministry of Commerce, in April this year, the national building materials and home furnishing prosperity index (BHI) was 117.65, and the sales of building materials and home furnishing stores above designated size exceeded 110 billion yuan, and the cumulative sales from January to April exceeded 420 billion yuan.

　　Although the above data decreased slightly compared with the same period of last year, with the introduction of "trade-in" policies in various places since April, and the favorable factors such as the overlapping market entering the traditional peak season, the household sector continued to release consumption vitality, the industry prosperity rebounded, and the "Xiaoyangchun" market in the home building materials market also continued.

　　The market potential of "trade-in" is huge.

　　At present, China’s real estate market is still in the adjustment stage, but since the beginning of this year, favorable policies have been implemented in various places, and industry insiders expect that the industry will accelerate its stabilization. As the downstream industry of the real estate market, the consumer demand of the national building materials and home furnishing market continued to be released from January to April. Although the sales data decreased slightly year-on-year, thanks to the help of the policy side, the overall situation was still improving.

　　In March this year, the State Council issued the Action Plan for Promoting Large-scale Equipment Renewal and Trade-in of Consumer Goods (hereinafter referred to as the Plan) to promote economic transformation and upgrading and improve the quality of life of urban and rural residents.

　　The "Proposal" pointed out that for the trade-in of household appliances, it is necessary to improve the convenience as the core and smooth the consumption chain of household appliances; In order to promote the replacement of home improvement consumer goods, it is required to support residents to carry out local renovation of old houses, kitchens and bathrooms, continue to promote the aging renovation of homes, and actively cultivate new consumption such as smart homes. Promote home improvement model rooms to enter shopping malls, communities and platforms, encourage enterprises to build online model rooms, and provide affordable products and services to meet diversified consumer needs.

　　"The introduction of the trade-in policy is a major positive for the home furnishing industry." Qin Zhanxue, president of China Building Materials Circulation Association, pointed out that the relevant data of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development showed that by the end of 2022, the total number of urban and rural housing construction in China had exceeded 600 million, with huge market potential. "As houses enter the aging cycle one after another, the demand for renovation and functional upgrading will gradually increase. It is expected that the industry will usher in a new round of trade-in climax in the future."

　　According to incomplete statistics, in the past year, the total output value of China’s home improvement industry was about 2.77 trillion yuan, of which the demand for local decoration exceeded 35%. "It is conservatively estimated that the replacement scale of the home and home improvement market will exceed one trillion yuan." Hu Yanan, secretary-general of China Building Decoration Association’s Residential Decoration and Parts Industry Branch, said that according to the association’s rough calculation, there are more than 200 million houses in urban housing that are over 20 years old, and the demand for renovation and transformation at the consumer end is strong.

　　Grasp the "renewal" cycle and accelerate the layout of enterprises

　　The promulgation of the "Program" has given industry support and guidance at the policy level and brought new development opportunities at the development level. Many home associations and head home stores have acted quickly, actively responding to the policy call and helping to release the potential of home consumption by issuing trade-in coupons, promoting in communities, and granting subsidies.

　　At the end of April, at the annual meeting of the housing industry in 2023-2024, the Residential Decoration and Parts Industry Branch of China Building Decoration Association, in conjunction with the head home improvement enterprises and parts and materials enterprises all over the country, officially launched the "Home Improvement Trade-in Action". "I hope that through this action, a group of’ home improvement practitioners’ will be cultivated, and typical cases of enterprises will be launched to create a more assured, worry-free and secure consumption environment." According to the relevant person in charge of China National Equipment Association, this action aims to promote the effective implementation of "trade-in" related programs in the home improvement and home furnishing industries, and call on the whole industry to respond to the replacement of home improvement consumer goods, and encourage member units to actively carry out local upgrading and renovation of old houses, kitchens and bathrooms, and aging renovation of homes.

　　On May 6th, in response to the "Consumption Promotion Year" policy of the Ministry of Commerce, and vigorously promoting the trade-in of the household industry, China Building Materials Circulation Association also launched the "Third National Green Smart Home Consumption Festival", which empowered enterprises by implementing the relevant action plan of "trade-in" and issuing exchange vouchers for trade-in.

　　Focus on home stores. According to our understanding, the heads including Red Star Macalline and Easyhome made relevant implementation plans as early as the "trade-in" scheme was put forward.

　　Among them, Beijing Red Star Macalline has invested more than 10 million yuan since March to promote trade-in, benefit consumers, and help people rejuvenate. It is reported that in order to make more consumers enjoy the trade-in benefits easily, Beijing Red Star Macalline not only joined hands with 17 brand enterprises such as Xilinmen, Wrigley Sanitary Ware and Boloni to participate in the trade-in activities of green smart consumer goods, but also distributed subsidies of about 8 million yuan in different forms through online and offline channels.

　　The relevant person in charge of Red Star Macalline said that consumers can make an appointment to drag the old service through the "Red Star Home" applet, and they can enjoy the 600 yuan subsidy at the highest; Go to the offline store for "replacement", and you can also enjoy the government subsidy and superimpose the joint discount. "At present, relevant subsidies have been launched in five major shopping malls in Beijing, and consumers can get subsidies and enjoy the benefits of renewal."

　　The data shows that since the beginning of this year, Red Star Macalline has launched a large-scale "trade-in" campaign for home appliances in many shopping malls across the country, taking the demand for trade-in as the contact point to obtain accurate store traffic for shopping malls, and guiding the related sales between home appliances and other categories through refined operation.

　　On May 9, Easyhome also revealed the progress of "trade-in" on the investor interaction platform. It said that this year, it will comprehensively promote the three major IPS of "trade-in furniture and household appliances", "old houses for new looks" and "it is difficult for families to find them", which will drive the rapid growth of home sales.

　　The relevant person in charge of Real Home pointed out that the company released the "trade-in" strategy as early as 2022 and carried out related business. "According to statistics, a number of IP activities related to’ trade-in’ achieved remarkable results last year, achieving 207,000 customers, guiding sales of 650 million yuan and recycling 68,000 old things." The person in charge said.

　　At the same time, many home furnishing enterprises also seize the favorable market cycle and fully exert their strength in the stock market.

　　At the beginning of May, Qumei Home officially launched this year’s trade-in activities in the "Huanxin Plan Conference". In fact, since the first launch of this activity in 2013, Qumei Home has positioned it as a long-term and far-reaching important action. Zhao Ruihai, chairman of Qumei Home Furnishing Co., has repeatedly said that "trade-in" is not only a commitment to consumers, but also a manifestation of corporate social responsibility.

　　"Among about 300,000 customers accumulated by enterprises, some of them are currently in the consumption cycle that needs to be updated and iterated." Recently, Meike Home also publicly stated that this year, it will increase visits to early users, carry out maintenance and clue acquisition, with a view to providing consumers with diversified replacement programs. Oupai Home has launched the whole house renovation and whole package services, such as package storage, package discount, package design and help to move, to meet the diversified needs of consumers.

　　The industry believes that promoting the trade-in of household products requires both upstream and downstream synergy, and the household industry needs to continuously and deeply tap its own resources to promote the sustainable development of trade-in in a more market-oriented way and more convenient activities.

　　Both ends of supply and demand still face corresponding difficulties.

　　Although the market potential of trade-in is huge, it faces many difficulties in practical operation.

　　From the consumer side, how to deal with the replaced furniture, where to store the old furniture, and how to find a "reliable" decoration company and foreman may all hinder the implementation of the old-for-new policy. On the supply side, trade-in, local renovation and other links have a large amount of work, relatively low customer list value, and most of them are concentrated in old communities, so the construction difficulty is relatively high.

　　"At present, the residual value of many furniture recycling and dismantling wastes is relatively low, and the willingness of large-scale platform enterprises to participate in recycling is insufficient, but consumers do not have the ability to handle large pieces of furniture by themselves, which will become a constraint for replacing new ones to some extent." Zhu Jiagui, CEO and general manager of Red Star Macalline Home Furnishing Group, said that it is not easy for most home furnishing enterprises to provide large-scale trade-in services and handle old furniture well. "It is necessary to pay higher operating costs in terms of management, operation, normative environmental protection and demolition." Zhu Jiagui said.

　　In view of the problem that "trade-in is easy to abandon the old", Qin Zhanxue believes that the focus of trade-in should be on the "new" and the treatment of the "old" should not be ignored. "Old products should not be treated as garbage, but should be reused." He said, for example, furniture products can be dismantled and recycled, while construction waste can be reprocessed into floor tiles for municipal decoration materials.

　　The relevant person in charge of the Consumer Promotion Department of the Ministry of Commerce said that the trade-in work involves thousands of households and the vital interests of consumers. Promoting the trade-in of consumer goods is not only a powerful measure to enhance the momentum of economic growth and consolidate the good momentum of recovery, but also a long-term strategy to promote the high-quality development of the home furnishing industry. In the future, the industry should gradually establish an effective mechanism of "it is easier to get rid of the old and more willing to replace the new", so that consumers can enjoy better services and the trade-in action can be truly and thoroughly carried out in the industry. Text/Zhang Xinyu

　　Source: Beijing Evening News

In the era of smart electric, a real flagship model needs not only excellent design and performance, but also cutting-edge technology support. Aouita 07, based on CHN model, is the crystallization of tripartite cooperation among Changan Automobile, Huawei and Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited, which brings together the top technologies of the three companies. Changan Automobile’s profound experience in building cars, Huawei’s smart car solutions and Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited’s advanced battery technology have jointly injected powerful scientific and technological genes into Aouita 07.

Huawei’s driving ADS 3.0 is the core technology of Aouita 07. Relying on Huawei Gankun Intelligent Driving ADS 3.0, Aouita 07 can not only start and stop on its own, but also show its leading strength in active safety, and can achieve forward, lateral and backward active protection through omni-directional anti-collision CAS 3.0.

The flagship of science and technology in Aouita 07, CHN mode explains the scientific and technological charm of the intelligent electric age with its strength. (information)

Upstream News Kevin·Z

Optimize market access, expand sales channels and strengthen fiscal and taxation support.
Our province introduced measures to support export products to domestic sales.

Fully protect the transportation demand of goods exported to domestic market, and support e-commerce platform to set up online Liaoning foreign trade product sales area … Recently, the provincial government issued "Several Measures to Support Export Products to Domestic Market in Liaoning Province" (hereinafter referred to as "Measures"), and introduced eight measures around strengthening the protection and application of intellectual property rights, broadening channels to support domestic sales, and improving the level of facilitation of domestic sales, so as to support marketable export products to explore the domestic market and promote the mutual promotion of domestic and international double circulation.

According to the relevant person in charge of the Provincial Department of Commerce, our province mainly focuses on the equipment manufacturing industry, and it is difficult to export such products to domestic sales. It is necessary to remove obstacles and provide guarantees from the institutional level to solve the "pain points" of enterprises with different standards, poor channels and high financial pressure.

The "Measures" propose that we should combine the needs of new infrastructure, new urbanization and major engineering construction in our province, organize a batch of qualified export products such as metallurgy, petrochemical, building materials and machinery to be sold domestically, and help foreign trade enterprises integrate into the industrial chain of investment projects.

Different product standards at home and abroad are a common problem that foreign trade enterprises in our province face when exporting to domestic sales. The "Measures" propose to optimize market access and promote the integration of standards. Before the end of this year, foreign trade enterprises are allowed to make relevant written commitments to export products that meet the requirements of China’s mandatory standards through self-compliance statements. In addition, our province will also support foreign trade enterprises to develop "homogeneous products with the same line and standard" and expand the application scope of "homogeneous products with the same line and standard" to general consumer goods and industrial products. The so-called "same line, same standard and homogeneity" refers to the production of products that can be exported and sold domestically on the same production line according to the same standards and quality requirements.

At the same time, our province will open up channels to support domestic sales, including supporting e-commerce platforms to set up online Liaoning foreign trade product sales zones to promote the transformation of foreign trade enterprises to online sales; Encourage foreign trade enterprises to use new formats and new models such as online sales, live broadcast and scene experience to expand the scale of transactions; Encourage the use of pedestrian streets and professional markets to facilitate the sale of export products by foreign trade enterprises; Support foreign trade enterprises with independent brands and strong willingness to sell domestically, and establish long-term direct purchase and supply relations with large chain stores in the province.

Foreign trade enterprises may face problems such as long account period and large capital occupation when exporting to domestic market, and need financial and taxation support. Our province will support financial institutions to develop financial products suitable for foreign trade enterprises to explore the domestic market, and encourage all regions to adopt "policy guarantee+finance+goods pledge" and other ways to innovatively solve the financing problem of foreign trade enterprises to explore the domestic market. Our province will also shorten the time limit for taxation, compress the existing time limit for handling limited matters to 5 to 10 working days, and turn some limited matters into immediate matters; One-stop tax service, allowance handling, invoice mailing and other services are implemented for enterprises that export products to domestic sales. (Reporter Dong Hanbo)

Cctv newsAfter placing an order online, many consumers have received a "favorable cashback" card attached to the goods, or a short message or phone call seeking favorable comments. Recently, Taobao announced that it would prohibit sellers from guiding favorable comments by means of favorable comments cashback.　

Taobao issued a new regulation in official website, pointing out that sellers are not allowed to ask buyers to only write favorable comments, modify evaluations, add evaluations, etc. by themselves or through third parties; It is not allowed to encourage and guide buyers to "praise" on the condition of material or monetary commitment.

Bao Ran, Deputy Secretary General of Zhongguancun Modern Information Consumption Application Industry Technology AllianceBribing consumers or related user groups to make false or distorted product evaluations is illegal in essence.

emergency food（emergence food，EF）It refers to a kind of food used to maintain human survival in emergencies such as disasters, wars and crashes. Common emergency foods mainly include earthquake relief emergency foods, military emergency foods, civil emergency foods and M9 outdoor emergency foods. Due to the late start of research and development,There is still a certain gap between China’s emergency food and developed countries such as the United States and Japan in processing and packaging, nutritional characteristics, food safety and other key technologies.

At present, the problems caused by the insufficient development of emergency food have initially appeared. First of all, during or after natural disasters, food in disaster areas and other affected areas may be contaminated by microorganisms and chemicals, and some food-borne diseases, including hepatitis A, typhoid fever and a series of intestinal diseases, such as cholera and dysentery, are prone to break out, thus affecting the health of victims and the effect of disaster relief.

Secondly, due to the imperfect design of emergency food formula,Its nutritional structure is difficult to meet the nutritional supply needs of specific people.It is difficult to predict the time and place of some emergencies, which also leads to the traditional supply chain processing equipment and storage and transportation system can not meet the stable supply and accurate distribution of emergency food, which makes the rescue efficiency decline.

This paper summarizes the types and characteristics of emergency food, the development status of product development, storage and transportation, processing and packaging technology, and looks forward to the research and development strategy, processing, storage and transportation strategy and food safety of emergency food in order to provide new ideas for the development of emergency food industry in China.

Types and characteristics of emergency food

With the frequent occurrence of emergencies around the world, the demand for emergency food is increasing. In order to better meet the nutritional needs of different rescue scenes and people, and combined with the laws of emergency food diversity, high energy density, storability and convenience for eating, a variety of common emergency food types have appeared in recent years, including canned food, compressed dry food, instant hot food, dehydrated food, etc. The advantages and disadvantages of different types of emergency food are shown in Table 1.

Table 1 Advantages and disadvantages of different types of emergency food

Emergency food has the following characteristics:

(1) Long shelf life: Emergency foods usually have a long shelf life to ensure edibility in emergency situations;

(2) Rich nutrition: under the premise of meeting basic energy, emergency food pays more attention to the functionality and special dietary effect of food according to the needs of the target rescue population;

(3) Portable: Emergency foods are usually packaged in light packages to quickly respond to emergencies;

(4) Food safety: Due to the harsh and changeable emergency rescue environment, the food safety of emergency food is very important.

When selecting emergency food types, it is necessary to make reasonable selection and planning according to disaster types, storage conditions, crowd demand and transportation environment. At the same time,Emergency food should be inspected and updated regularly to ensure food safety.

Development status of emergency food products

In recent years, China’s emergency food has developed steadily in terms of shelf life, taste, flavor and safety, but there is still a big gap compared with foreign countries. The shortcomings include:

(1) Low comprehensive performance. The diversity, nutrition and safety of emergency food need to be further strengthened;

（2）Functional development is limited.Due to the lack of practical experience in functional development and the lack of clear supervision and guidance standards, it is difficult for enterprises to carry out effective innovation and development;

（3）The production cost is high.The research and development of key technologies and formulas of emergency food are lagging behind and the added value is low, which leads to its lack of core competitiveness and affects production costs.

With the increasing market demand for serialized, functional, long shelf life and full nutrition emergency foods, continuous optimization, innovation and enrichment of R&D categories have become the key to the development of emergency foods.

With the development of science and technology,Emergency food is paying more and more attention to functions other than satiety and special dietary effects.Adding some ingredients or nutrients with special physiological functions to raw materials can enhance the overall functionality of emergency food.

At present, China’s self-developed "China 05 compressed food" has many functions, such as improving intestinal health, fighting hunger and promoting physical recovery, which greatly improves the efficiency of emergency rescue. Internationally, the United States has successfully developed military functional foods with different functions, such as anti-altitude sickness, anti-fatigue, refreshing the mind, quickly replenishing energy, improving intestinal function, etc. In order to meet the needs of different groups of people, modular foods with mineral modules, vitamin modules and energy modules have also been developed. Japan’s One Table Company has developed an emergency rescue jelly that is beneficial to swallowing, taking into account the people of all ages, so as to meet the needs of the elderly and children for quick nutrition supplement.

High-intensity rescue work in emergency rescue often makes rescuers in a state of physical and mental fatigue and overwork, which leads to inattention, weakened resistance and reduced work efficiency. Therefore,It is necessary to develop emergency food to delay or eliminate fatigue.

Hao Limin and others designed an anti-fatigue beverage formula, which was composed of oligosaccharides, taurine, caffeine, effervescent and other materials. It was processed into effervescent tablets by mixing, granulating, drying, cooling and tabletting. The animal test results showed that the beverage had obvious anti-fatigue effect. Wu Tianyi et al. conducted related research on anti-hypoxia functional fermented products. Through the screening of animal anti-hypoxia tests, it was found that natto and Schizophyllum commune fermented products from microorganisms had significant anti-hypoxia function, which provided a new design idea for the development of anti-hypoxia functional emergency food in the future.

Research status of emergency food storage, transportation and processing technology

In 2003, China began to pay attention to the research on emergency food storage and transportation, and compared with foreign countries, the research started late. In the "storage and transportation" system, food is generally classified and food quality standards are formulated to ensure food quality, facilitate transportation and improve rescue efficiency.The key to the efficient operation of the storage and transportation system lies in making full use of the electronic information platform.Ensure the coordination and mutual supervision of all links, strengthen the contact between emergency food storage and transportation and electronic information enterprises, so as to improve the rapid response ability of emergency food storage and transportation.

At present, there are many researches on food supply chain at home and abroad, covering the supply chain research of various specific food categories, such as fruits, vegetables, grain, etc. However, the research on emergency food logistics is rarely reported. The problems existing in the existing emergency food storage and transportation system in China are mainly summarized as the following four points:

(1) The layout of emergency material reserve centers around the country is unreasonable;

(2) Due to the asymmetric information flow and the large number of relief materials transfer stations in emergencies, the supply imbalance is prone to occur;

(3) Lack of procurement and operation standards for emergency food storage and transportation;

(4) The improvement of food safety evaluation system in the process of emergency food storage and transportation is not perfect, and the efficiency needs to be improved.

Compared with emergency food in developed countries,Domestic emergency foods generally have the problems of short shelf life and low scientific and technological content.The shelf life of self-heated rice and freeze-dried meat products introduced by American Mountain House Company can reach 30 years. The emergency food supply package launched by Wise Company is not only convenient and fast, but also can meet the needs of families, and its shelf life is as high as 25 years. In contrast, the shelf life of emergency food made of domestic Changwo special food by freeze-drying technology is not half as long as it is.

This shows that in the future, the development of emergency food in China should be oriented towards using emerging technologies to maintain the shelf life of food, thus developing a sustainable food value chain and limiting food waste. In order to prolong the shelf life, optimize the taste and promote nutrient absorption,More and more emerging processing technologies have potential application value.

1. Vacuum freeze-drying technology

Vacuum freeze-drying is to freeze the material below the eutectic point and remove the water in the material by sublimation in vacuum environment, so as to achieve the purpose of freeze-drying.It is common in military emergency food, which is used to improve the retention rate of nutrients and maintain the original color and flavor.Vacuum freeze-dried food can be stored at room temperature for a long time without adding preservatives because of its low water activity, and it is convenient to carry and transport.

Yang et al. used hot air drying, hot air vacuum combined drying and vacuum freeze-drying to dry the velvet antler mushroom. The results showed that vacuum freeze-drying could better keep the color and shape of velvet antler mushroom. However, vacuum freeze-drying has the disadvantages of time-consuming, energy-consuming and high cost when used alone, and these problems can be effectively solved by combining with other drying technologies.

Jiang et al. evaluated that freeze-drying combined with microwave vacuum drying was used to dry functional okra snacks. Compared with freeze-dried samples, the combined drying samples had better hardness and brittleness, and the drying time and energy consumption were reduced by about 75.36% and 71.92% respectively. Therefore,Vacuum freezing combined with vacuum microwave drying can be one of the development directions of emergency food drying.

2. Ultra-high pressure technology

Emergency food needs to have a long shelf life to ensure the safety and edibility of food in an emergency. Ultra-high pressure technology uses high pressure force to act on food,Without using high temperature or chemical additives, the shelf life of food can be prolonged by killing microorganisms and inhibiting enzyme activity, while maintaining the original flavor, color and nutrition of food.

Compared with traditional high-temperature treatment, ultra-high pressure technology hardly reacts with covalent bonds of small molecules, and only destroys non-covalent bonds that form the three-dimensional structure of macromolecules, such as hydration, ionic bonds and hydrogen bonds. By inactivating or activating biomolecules such as polysaccharide and protein in food, the product quality can be improved. It is found that soaking and ultra-high pressure pretreatment can increase the content of fast digestible starch and slow digestible starch in rice starch, and reduce the content of resistant starch, thus improving the digestion characteristics of rice.

It should be noted that ultra-high pressure sterilization technology is not suitable for all types of food, and the composition and structure of different foods have different sensitivity to pressure, so it should be tested according to specific products to determine the best treatment scheme.

3. Ultra-fine grinding technology

Ultra-fine pulverization technology pulverizes material particles to micron level by mechanical or hydrodynamic force, thus reducing particle size, changing composition and internal structure, and improving physical and chemical properties of materials. For example, ultrafine grinding canIncrease the solubility of foodSo that it can be easily dissolved with water or other liquids in a short time and quickly prepared into food; In addition, it can alsoEnhance the digestibility of foodSo that it can be absorbed and utilized by the human body in a short time and provide energy quickly, and reduce the burden on the gastrointestinal tract.

Sun et al. treated dehydrated celery stems with superfine grinding technology, and found that there was no significant difference in chemical composition of celery powder with different particle sizes. However, with the decrease of particle size of celery stem powder, its ability of scavenging free radicals was continuously enhanced, which provided a reference for developing fast-dissolving antioxidant functional foods. Zhang et al. treated oat bran by ultra-fine pulverization technology, which improved the surface properties, water holding capacity and swelling capacity of oat bran. The prepared oat bran powder has good physical and chemical properties and oxidation resistance. The data obtained from this study provide theoretical basis for the application of ultra-fine pulverization technology in emergency food deep processing and functional food development.

4. Microcapsule technology

Microcapsule technology is a new packaging technology, which forms a delicate and tough shell around liquid or solid core materials, so that the core materials can be packaged inside the shell. Nutrient fortification is a common technology to improve the nutrition of emergency food. However, many nutrients or functional components such as vitamins, probiotics and antioxidants are prone to degradation, oxidation and volatile loss during production, storage and transportation due to their unstable physical and chemical properties.Using microcapsule technology to embed nutrients and functional components can play a protective role, reduce the influence of external environment such as light, heat and oxygen, and at the same time make them be digested and absorbed when needed.Improve the nutritional value of emergency food.

The results show that adding microencapsulated nutritional fortifier ferrous sulfate to flour can mask the iron smell and avoid the rancidity of oil caused by direct addition. Das et al. successfully prepared anthocyanin extract from purple rice bran with modified glutinous rice starch as wall material by spray drying technology. Microencapsulation showed that the surface of microcapsules was more uniform and smooth than natural starch and modified starch, and the storage stability of microencapsulated anthocyanins was improved. Generally speaking, microcapsule technology provides a new possibility for emergency food, which can improve the taste and prolong the storage time while ensuring nutrition and convenience.

5. Nanotechnology

Nanotechnology can be used to enhance the nutritional value of food and improve its functional components. For example, processing nutrients to less than 100nm by nanotechnology can improve the absorption and utilization rate of nutrients by human body, which can solve the pain point problem that emergency food has low moisture content and is not easily absorbed and utilized by human body.

Nanotechnology can also improve the texture, taste and flavor of food, and be used to remove harmful pollutants in food, such as pesticide residues, heavy metals and harmful chemicals. The special properties of nano-materials enable them to adsorb or catalyze the degradation of these pollutants and improve food safety. However, the application of nanotechnology in food processing is still in its infancy. In the future, when nanotechnology is applied to emergency food, it is necessary to carry out risk assessment and strict supervision on the safety of nanomaterials to ensure the sustainable development of nanotechnology and food safety.

Research status of emergency food packaging technology

Food packaging is a very important processing link that affects the quality of emergency food. As a barrier layer of food, it can protect food from adverse factors such as external environment, microorganisms and pollutants, maintain food freshness, hygiene and safety, and extend its shelf life.Emergency food is usually stored by sealing, modified atmosphere and vacuum packaging. The packaging forms include vacuum aluminum foil packaging, composite nanotechnology packaging and edible film packaging.

In 2016, China developed the world’s first compressed packaging of disaster relief emergency food. By using this pre-foldable compressed packaging food, each logistics vehicle can carry 50% more goods, and the transportation and supply of disaster relief food is more efficient and faster, and the transportation cost is lower. In recent years, in order to prolong the shelf life of food and ensure the quality and safety of food, a variety of functional food packages have appeared in the market, such as antibacterial packaging that inhibits the growth of microorganisms, intelligent packaging that monitors the quality of food, and biodegradable environmental protection packaging.

1. active packaging technology

Active packaging is defined as an intelligent system, which aims to extend the shelf life and improve the quality of food through the interaction between packaging materials and the internal environment of food, so as to meet consumers’ demand for fresh, stable and safe food. Active packaging mainly includes antioxidant packaging and antibacterial packaging. Among them, antioxidant packaging can prevent food from deteriorating by absorbing oxygen or releasing carbon dioxide in the packaging, thus prolonging the shelf life of food. Common oxygen adsorbents include ethylene adsorbent, iron powder, activated carbon, biological enzyme and so on.

Antibacterial packaging mainly inhibits the growth of pathogenic and corrosive microorganisms in food by introducing antibacterial agents, prevents the migration of pollutants, and can also show the leakage of some packaging, thus ensuring food safety. These active packaging technologies provide a broader design idea for future emergency food packaging,So that it is no longer limited to dehydration and drying, and fresh food with better experience can be selected.

2. Nano packaging technology

Nano-technology involves the development of single or multi-dimensional materials less than 100nm. Studies have confirmed that packaging materials with nano-size have large specific surface area and small pores, which can effectively isolate the invasion of external gas, moisture and pollutants, prolong the shelf life of food and reduce the loss of food. In addition, the nano-packaging material has excellent mechanical properties,Can give packaging materials high mechanical strength and durability, and is suitable for use in harsh emergency environments.Therefore, nano-materials are expected to improve the mechanical and barrier properties of emergency food packaging.

On the other hand, the surface of nano-materialsAntibacterial agents such as nano silver can also be added to inhibit microbial growth and reduce food pollution and corruption.Thereby improving the safety of food. Compared with ordinary antibacterial packaging, nano-packaging has stronger anti-corrosion and fresh-keeping function, and is less affected by various extreme weather. In the future, with the continuous development of nanotechnology, nano-packaging materials are expected to provide better protection and quality control for emergency food, and ensure that people can get high-quality food supplies in emergencies.

3. RFID packaging technology（RFID）

RFID is a technology to automatically identify objects by using radio waves. Identification is accomplished by storing serial numbers or other information on a microchip connected to an antenna. Based on wireless communication, RFID can provide real-time information about temperature, relative humidity, nutrition and supplier information in the process of products passing through the supply chain, improve traceability and ensure food quality and safety.

The application of RFID in the field of military food packaging mainly focuses on the storage and transportation stage. By adding RFID tags to military food packaging, the whole process information tracking of military food in the distribution process can be realized through the one-object-one-code identification function of tag chip. In case of emergency, the whole distribution process needs no unpacking, and all the information of the product can be obtained directly by scanning the reader, including the processing information, storage status, transportation information and eating methods of the product, so as to realize the rapid and accurate replenishment of emergency food and improve the speed and accuracy of distribution.

At present, RFID technology has been widely used in the field of civil food packaging, and these experiences can be used for reference in the field of emergency food packaging.Realize the whole process tracking and management of emergency food supply chain, and improve the efficiency and quality of emergency food distribution.

4. Time-temperature indicator technology（TTI）

TTI technology aims to monitor the temperature changes in the food supply chain to predict the changes of food heat-sensitive nutrients and indicate the remaining shelf information of products, thus reducing food consumption and ensuring food safety. The basic working principle of TTI technology is based on the changes of machinery, chemistry, electrochemistry, enzymes or microorganisms, which are usually manifested as visible reactions in the form of mechanical deformation, color development or color movement. It can monitor and record some key parameters in the whole food distribution process,By combining the cumulative effect of time and temperature, the remaining shelf life of the product is dynamically displayed.In order to monitor the cumulative effects of time and temperature on specific products, TTI labels are usually attached to food packaging.

Compared with other temperature monitoring equipment, TTI is small in size and cost-effective, and can reflect the time and temperature changes experienced by food by displaying irreversible effects that are easy to observe. At present, the packaging method of emergency food usually follows the date of production, and the date of production and the time limit for eating are printed on the outer packaging. However, in an emergency situation, the quality and safety of food become particularly important due to the instability of storage and transportation environment. By using TTI technology, the quality and safety of emergency food can be better monitored and controlled, and whether the food has been infringed by the external environment can be found in time, which provides great guarantee for enhancing the safety of emergency food.

5. Edible packaging membrane technology

Edible packaging film refers to the packaging film with porous network structure formed by intermolecular interaction with edible materials such as protein, grain matrix, cellulose and other raw materials, supplemented by edible crosslinking agents, plasticizers and other substances.This packaging material can not only effectively protect food quality, but also reduce environmental pollution.

For example, the grain matrix film is usually made of soybeans, which is safe and harmless. At the same time, the packaged products also have the effect of moisture-proof and moisture-proof, which has a good effect on improving the quality of fresh-keeping foods. Compared with traditional packaging materials, edible packaging film has the characteristics of edibility, and it will not produce packaging waste after use, reducing the negative impact on the environment, making edible packaging film a more environmentally friendly choice.

Edible packaging film has a potential application prospect in the field of emergency food, which can provide good food protection and preservation effects, while reducing the generation of packaging waste. However, when edible packaging technology is applied to emergency food in the future,It is necessary to evaluate the stability and performance of this technology under various environmental conditions.

6. Biodegradable packaging technology

With the continuous development of new technologies and new resources, it is another research direction with great potential to use degradable, energy-saving and emission-reducing packaging materials instead of high-energy and refractory packaging materials. At present, researchers have done a lot of research on degradable packaging materials, and their barrier properties need to be improved when they are used in emergency food in the future.Designed as a biodegradable high barrier material.

Microfiberized cellulose material（microfibrillated cellulose，MFC）It is a biodegradable and widely used high-performance material, which usually comes from green beet pulp, bagasse and soybean skin, and is composed of a large number of cellulose microfibril aggregates. Lavoine et al. reported that microfibrillated cellulose materials and plastic film materials can be combined to form nano-composite packaging materials. Through surface chemical modification, the shortcomings of MFC materials in barrier performance and oxygen barrier performance were solved. However, due to the hydrophilic characteristics of bio-base, the moisture resistance of MFC nanocomposites needs to be further studied and improved.

In the future, intelligent packaging technology can be adopted to optimize the packaging barrier performance and design biodegradable multiple high barrier materials.

Prospect of emergency food development strategy

With the frequent occurrence of natural disasters and the increase of emergency situations, the complexity of rescue site environment and the diversification of rescue people, the development of emergency food in the future needs to introduce advanced scientific and technological innovation technology. For example, the use of Internet of Things technology, intelligent warehousing, scientific packaging technology, etc., to achieve traceability and monitoring of emergency food, improve the quality of emergency food and rescue efficiency. In addition, through the dimensions of raw material screening, formula design, texture reorganization, packaging design, etc., emergency foods in different scenes and target groups are developed to accurately match the nutritional needs of specific groups, increase their acceptance and satisfaction in emergency situations, and improve the quality and effect of emergency response.

1. Future research and development strategy of emergency food

Future emergency food is a kind of food that can quickly and accurately match the nutritional needs of specific people according to different emergency situations, and is convenient for transportation and storage. Based on the research results of emergency food in various countries, the future research and development strategy of emergency food in China can be carried out from three aspects: serialized emergency food, functional emergency food and high-tech application of science and technology.

1) Serialized emergency food.The serial development of emergency food is mainly adjusted and customized according to the dietary needs of different disaster environments and different people, which means developing diversified emergency food products.Including vegetarian, gluten-free, lactose intolerance and other products with special dietary needs to meet the needs of different groups of people.

To carry out the research strategy of emergency food serialization, especially for the needs of special groups such as the elderly, children and pregnant women, the following measures can be taken:

① Reasonable formula design, and develop emergency formula according to the nutritional needs and health status of special groups. For example, for the elderly and pregnant women, attention should be paid to the intake of protein, vitamins, minerals and cellulose; For children, energy requirements and digestibility need to be considered.

② Selection and treatment of ingredients. In order to meet the nutritional needs of the elderly and pregnant women, you can choose ingredients that are easy to chew and rich in protein and fiber; For children, you can choose ingredients that suit their taste and digestive system.

③ Safety and non-allergic guarantee. For pregnant women, children, the elderly and other special groups, it is necessary to ensure that food does not contain substances that may cause allergic reactions, such as peanuts, nuts, alcohol and so on.

④ Product form and packaging design. For the convenience of the elderly and children, it can be designed to be easy to open, chew and digest, and adopt easy-to-operate packaging methods, such as vacuum packaging and canned food.

2) Functional emergency food.The development of functional emergency food will pay attention to the nutritional balance of emergency food and the addition of functional ingredients, so as to meet people’s special needs in emergencies and slow down and eliminate the adverse effects of emergency conditions on human physiology or psychology. exploitationAnti-fatigue, anti-hyperreflexia, anti-anxiety, low temperature tolerance, help sleep, improve constipation and improve immunity.Functional emergency food is the focus of research and development of emergency food at present.

When natural disasters occur, they are often accompanied by water pollution, which will lead to serious gastrointestinal diseases and various infections. Studies have confirmed that bioactive substances can be used to treat some diseases, improve the function of biological systems or resist pathogens. For example, intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids can alleviate intestinal inflammation by changing intestinal flora and enhancing intestinal cell barrier function; Polyphenols such as curcumin can reduce the stress of endoplasmic reticulum, thus reducing the inflammatory response of human intestinal epithelial cells.

Previous studies have shown that intestinal inflammation can be improved not only by drugs, but also by improving dietary intake and increasing the intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids, dietary calcium and vitamin D, thus improving intestinal health.

For example, increasing the dietary fiber content in emergency food can promote intestinal peristalsis and defecation, and prevent constipation and gastrointestinal problems; Adding probiotics or fermented food can improve the balance of intestinal flora, enhance the function of immune system and reduce the risk of gastrointestinal infection; Foods rich in vitamin C and antioxidants, such as citrus fruits and vegetables, help to enhance the immune system function, improve the body’s resistance and reduce the risk of infection.

All in all,By improving the nutritional composition of emergency food, we can alleviate the intestinal problems caused by disasters and help people stay healthy in difficulties.The above measures can help to improve the health effect of emergency food on intestine, but in practical application, the preservation and storage conditions of food need to be considered to ensure the safety and nutritional value of food.

3) The application of scientific and high technology.The introduction of high technology is of great significance to the breakthrough of emergency food in shelf life, nutrition and functionality. In terms of extending the shelf life, methods such as microbial control, vacuum packaging and irradiation sterilization can be adopted. In terms of improving nutrition, nutritional enhancers or functional ingredients can be added to emergency food to enhance its nutritional value.

In terms of improving functionality, high-tech can be used to develop emergency food with specific functions, for example, adding natural antioxidants, humectants, thickeners, etc. to increase the antioxidant capacity, water retention and taste of food. In addition, the use of nanotechnology can improve the texture and taste of food. In the aspect of personalized nutrition enhancement, it can be combined with wearable equipment and sensors. According to the results of physiological testing,(such as lack of potassium or vitamin A)Form personalized demand data, send it to the processing base, and generate special nutritious fortified food made of seasoning liquid and powder through additive manufacturing.

To sum up, serialized emergency foods can meet the dietary needs of different groups of people, while functional foods pay attention to nutrition and special needs, while the application of science and technology and high technology is helpful to improve the quality stability, nutrition promotion and functional supplement of emergency foods. These strategies will promote the further development of emergency food in China in the future and ensure that people can get a safe and balanced food supply in disasters.

2. Emergency food processing storage and transportation strategy

Emergency food is an important relief material for survival under emergency conditions, which requires extremely high production environment and product quality in the supply chain.Therefore, it is necessary to establish an automatic, flexible and digital intelligent supply chain system.The following measures can be taken in the production of emergency food in the future.

1) Introduce intelligent equipment.Through intelligent sorting and cascade utilization technology of raw materials, artificial intelligence combined with deep learning of photoelectric equipment, inductive classification combined with manual assistance, the process parameters in the production process are continuously optimized, and a demand-oriented raw material supply system is established, which can realize the automation of raw material pretreatment and processing, reduce the risk of human subjective errors and cross-contamination, and achieve the effect of improving quality and reducing cost.

2) Build a flexible supply chain.Based on the production requirements of serialization, functionalization and science and technology of emergency food in the future, flexible supply chain can help enterprises optimize resource allocation and utilization, thus reducing costs. For example, according to the production demand of emergency products, enterprises promote the digital transformation of production processes to ensure product quality, efficiency and sustainable production capacity; In addition, through flexible adaptation of intelligent filling and packaging technology, we can quickly switch and adjust product specifications and packaging methods, so that enterprises can quickly respond to changes in market demand and improve emergency rescue efficiency.

3) Establish a digital monitoring system.By introducing precise temperature control technology and RFID technology, the key parameters of the process, such as temperature, humidity, flow rate and speed, can be collected in real time by sensors and monitoring equipment, so that the abnormal situation can be adjusted in time to ensure that the products meet the standard requirements. At the same time, considering that the time and place of emergencies are difficult to predict, the joint application of the Internet of Things and smart packaging technology can track the location, transportation conditions and quality of emergency food in real time, and combine with the logistics management system to carry out intelligent distribution and route optimization in real time according to the changes of disaster situation, so as to achieve the best transportation efficiency and save costs.

Different from ordinary food, the demand for emergency food will be affected by various factors.In the future, the development of emergency food should adopt modular design, that is, food should be grouped and packaged according to function or proportion, so that people can choose and combine different types of food according to their needs.And ensure the balanced nutrition of food. Modular design of emergency food has the advantages of flexible selection, balanced nutrition, easy carrying and storage, and improved emergency response flexibility, which can play an important role in future emergency rescue.

3. The prospect of emergency food safety.

There are some harmful substances such as mycotoxins, heavy metals and allergens in the production, processing and transportation of emergency food.It is of great practical significance to establish an emergency food quality management system, analyze the potential hazards in the production process and continuously monitor them.

In recent years, the rapid nondestructive detection technology of food and food raw material hazards has been widely used in the field of food detection and sorting, such as multi-spectral imaging technology, hyperspectral imaging technology, terahertz spectral imaging technology and so on. Because it is simple, rapid and nondestructive, and can obtain the image and spectral information of the detected substance at the same time, it has potential application prospects in food quality and safety detection, mainly including variety identification, adulteration analysis, quality and hazard detection and a series of applications.

Shi et al. realized the rapid nondestructive detection of Fusarium graminearum and vomitoxin in wheat by multi-spectral imaging technology, and explored a new method for monitoring mycotoxin pollution in wheat production, processing and storage. Liu et al. can monitor zearalenone in corn quickly and non-destructively through multi-spectral imaging combined with machine learning technology.（ZEN）The content of mycotoxin is of great significance to the monitoring of mycotoxin pollution during corn storage and transportation.

Du et al. realized the rapid detection of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B in milk by Raman spectroscopy and stoichiometry, which ensured the safety of milk. Liu et al. quickly determined the concentrations of aflatoxin B1 and benzopyrene in soybean oil by terahertz spectroscopy combined with chemometrics, which provided an effective means for food safety monitoring.

In addition, harmful substances, microbial contamination and chemical residues in food processing seriously affect the quality and safety of food. Therefore, through the rapid detection technology of food hazards in the processing process, it can help manufacturers to respond quickly and reduce or avoid unqualified production operations.

Traditional on-line detection technology often has some shortcomings, such as requiring large equipment and professional operators, and complicated pretreatment.Electrochemical detection methodIt has the advantages of high sensitivity, quick response, real-time monitoring and selectivity. By measuring and analyzing electrochemical signals such as current and voltage in food raw materials, it can be judged whether there are harmful substances.

Gao et al., from the perspective of electrochemical detection, used the electrolyte gate-controlled graphene transistor with two-dimensional graphene as the channel material to realize the rapid identification of the freezing and thawing degree of beef. Mao et al. aim at heavy metal Cr in aquatic products（VI）In order to solve the pollution problem, two-dimensional monatomic iron material is used as the colorimetric sensor of peroxidase to detect Cr in fish quickly and simply.（VI）, and achieved good expected results. Zhu et al. developed a portable aptamer sensor, which has the characteristics of simple operation and portability, and can simultaneously detect T-2 toxin and zearalenone in corn and oat flour, thus realizing the on-line detection of mycotoxins during processing.

In the future, multi-functional electrochemical biosensors and nano-devices can be constructed through electrochemical aptamer joint detection technology, so as to realize the detection of complex hazards such as benzopyrene and allergens in the production process and ensure the safety and stability of food quality in the production process. The flow chart of future emergency food research and development strategy is shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1 Future Emergency Food R&D and Development Strategy Process

conclusion

In recent years, emergencies have occurred frequently in China, and the demand for emergency food has been rising continuously. Especially after the COVID-19 epidemic, China residents’ awareness of food nutrition and safety has been continuously enhanced, and food is required to have certain functionality while meeting basic energy. Therefore, one of the first tasks in the post-epidemic period is to accelerate the research on emergency food.

For the development of emergency food in China, there are many problems in the process of modern rescue, such as insufficient nutrition supply of emergency food, imperfect functional food and difficulty in accurate distribution. Based on this actual situation, the design and development of rescue food with complete nutritional functions, convenient eating and convenient storage and transportation, and the realization of industrial production can not only meet the national emergency relief needs, but also fill the food shortage of emergency relief materials.

By analyzing the development gap of emergency food at home and abroad and thinking about the future development trend of food, this paper puts forward three research and development directions of emergency food, and produces a series of safe, fresh, nutritious and stable emergency food through intelligent supply chain and accurate and efficient detection technology, so as to make it have core competitiveness and greater development space in the market, and gradually open and improve the emergency food market in China.

Acknowledgement: Professor Hao Limin, Institute of Quartermaster Engineering Technology, Institute of Systems Engineering, Academy of Military Sciences, gave advice and help; Support of agricultural eco-environmental protection and quality and safety industrial technology system in Anhui Province.

This article comes from WeChat WeChat official account:Science and technology herald (id: streview), published in Science and Technology Herald, No.19, 2023, by Ning Cheng (Ph.D., School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology), Liu Changhong and Zheng Lei (correspondent, same as before, professor).

CCTV News:Today (January 13th) morning, the Anyang Municipal Government of Henan Province held the fifth press conference on epidemic prevention and control in COVID-19 to inform the latest situation of epidemic prevention and control.

Li Chao, Deputy Director of Anyang Municipal Government Office:From 8: 00 on January 12 to 8: 00 on January 13, there were 17 new confirmed cases in the city, and 140 confirmed cases were reported. All the above cases were transferred to designated hospitals for isolation treatment. According to the current situation of epidemic prevention and control in our city, since January 12th, Yucai School and Guxian Town in tangyin county are all high-risk areas, and Building 4 in the East Zone of Anshang Mansion in Jinhe Street in hua county is designated as medium-risk areas. At present, there are 2 high-risk areas and 5 medium-risk areas in our city. Today, we will continue to suspend the flow of personnel, cooperate with the full-time nucleic acid testing, and start the fourth round of full-time nucleic acid testing.

In view of the current epidemic situation, Anyang started to operate three emergency materials transfer stations and one emergency materials transfer center to transfer all important emergency materials. At the same time, dispatch vehicles and professional drivers to form an emergency support team, and do a good job in emergency travel for medical staff, volunteers, front-line law enforcement personnel, and support services for special situations such as people seeking medical treatment. Anyang City has also opened up a green channel for maternal treatment, set up emergency midwifery institutions at city and county levels, and set up a team of experts to do a good job in the health care and treatment of high-risk pregnant women in closed control areas, control areas and isolation points.

　　Reading tips

　　The raging epidemic has disrupted the pace of life and work of many people, and also ignited the "home economy" including live broadcast. This Spring Festival, Jiang Heng, a 20-year-old rural girl, returned to live broadcast after only four days’ rest, and accompanied nearly 20,000 fans online for this exceptionally long holiday … …

　　"During the epidemic, everyone must pay more attention to protection and go out as little as possible. If you have nothing to do, you can go to the live broadcast room in Hengheng. I will chat with you and sing your favorite songs … …” At 6 o’clock on the morning of March 10th, Jiang Heng, dressed properly, was already sitting in front of the computer and officially started the live broadcast of the day.

　　Live stream economy, online celebrity, which is not limited by time and space, has made great strides at present, and the low employment threshold has also enabled many grassroots people who have walked out of the countryside to find a way to break through the trend. A few days ago, the reporter interviewed three anchors from online celebrity, who were born in rural areas, to find out their stories of life counterattack.

　　Catering executives transform into anchors.

　　Jiang Heng’s hometown is in Shuangyang, Changchun, and he was promoted from a waiter to a supervisor. More than half a year ago, due to too much entertainment, Jiang Heng was admitted to the hospital. After leaving the hospital, she resigned decisively. After resigning, she was introduced by a friend to the current live broadcast company. After a simple interview, she became the key training object of the company because of her sweet appearance and steady personality.

　　After joining the company, she ate and lived in the studio provided by the company. The room of more than ten square meters is warmly decorated. The company is equipped with a set of live broadcast equipment. The sound card, camera and lighting are all deployed by professional teachers according to her voice and appearance characteristics. This job is a surprise for Jiang Heng, and the working environment is more comfortable.

　　"At first, I felt that the live broadcast was very simple. After a long time, I found that there was actually a lot to learn." Jiang Heng told reporters that on the surface, it is easy for the live broadcast industry to make money, but it takes a lot of thought to ensure the stability of income. Usually, she will watch more live broadcasts of others, learn from experience and find out the shortcomings.

　　Within more than a month after the outbreak, the number of fans of Jiang Heng soared by more than 10,000. At the worst of the epidemic, the live broadcast rooms are discussing related topics. Jiang Heng is also cooperating with everyone’s schedule to extend the live broadcast time appropriately, and often reminds everyone to pay attention to protection and comfort fans in the epidemic area. "I hope that the epidemic will pass quickly and everything will be fine." Jiang Heng said.

　　In the past, Jiang Heng’s family was very opposed to her being an anchor, but now there is no prejudice, and they have also opened accounts to increase the popularity of Jiang Heng’s live broadcast room. "In fact, the anchor also has many rising channels, and I plan to further my talents in the future." Jiang Heng hopes to work hard and save more money to lay a better economic foundation for the future.

　　Craftsmen try to find the market to test the water live.

　　Yu Jianhua, 43, was born in Quannongshan Town, Lianhuashan Eco-tourism Resort in Changchun. He has worked as a tower crane and a barbecue chef. Because he loved straw weaving since he was a child, in June 2018, he founded Changchun Limin Fangcao Farmers’ Professional Cooperative. In just four months, he applied for six intellectual property rights protection with his own weaving method and design.

　　In order to open the market of straw-woven products, Yu Jianhua took two small videos of the straw-woven scene with the help of the popularity of the live broadcast platform. Unexpectedly, one of the videos showing the deaf-mutes working on small pendants suddenly became popular.

　　The live account has increased by 40,000 fans in three days, which made him too excited to sleep. "I remember it very clearly. It was August 21, 2019. At 8 o’clock in the evening, I specially rushed to the office from home to try live broadcast for the first time."

　　Since then, Yu Jianhua will broadcast live on time every night from 8: 00 to 10: 00, and the "typhoon" has become more and more skilled. The number of fans has gradually increased to more than 80,000. Some people want to study in this industry, as well as some leaders of foreign cooperatives, cadres who want to develop poverty alleviation industries and merchants engaged in the import and export trade of handicrafts.

　　"The live broadcast has a great influence on me. It not only exercises my expression ability, but also gives me a deeper understanding of the craft. I want people who like this industry not only to learn the compilation skills, but also to benefit from it." Yu Jianhua said that through the live broadcast platform, Fangcaoshe’s products were sold out of stock, and its brand influence was growing.

　　Affected by the epidemic, Fangcaoshe has not resumed work, but this has not delayed the normal live broadcast work. As the first person to draft the live broadcast, he now adjusts the daily live broadcast to once a week, and puts more energy into developing the industry. He plans to unite the leaders of straw weaving cooperatives all over the country to make straw weaving into a large-scale, high-quality value-added industry and take the brand development route.

　　The working boy became the "online celebrity" with goods.

　　Liu Jinyin, 29, was born in Shi Cun, Block 3, Majie Street, Hejiang County, Luzhou City, Sichuan Province. After dropping out of school, she began to learn crafts and work everywhere. Two years ago, Liu Jinyin, who failed to start a business, saw that some workers made money on the live broadcast platform in their spare time and wanted to try it.

　　Liu Jinyin, who tried the live broadcast of water for the first time, went from trial and error to skilled technology, and his income and expenditure began to have a surplus. Later, the staff of the platform made a special trip from Beijing to Liu Jinyin’s home to introduce his experience from dropping out of school to playing live broadcast and then influencing others. Since then, he has become popular and the number of fans has risen rapidly.

　　After breaking into fame, Liu Jinyin, who has been living in rural areas by live broadcast, began to sell mountain products, and set the agricultural products base of the online shop in Shiding Mountain, a poor village more than 70 kilometers away from home. The local native products raised and planted in the original ecology are of high quality and are very popular with fans. In 2019, all kinds of agricultural and sideline products were sold for nearly 5 million yuan, which helped the villagers to increase their income by more than 3,000 yuan per capita, and made the villagers in Shiding Mountain feel the "power" of online celebrity.

　　During the epidemic, express delivery stopped in some areas, and Liu Jinyin’s newly opened physical store with an investment of 100,000 yuan was also forced to close, which affected his income to some extent. Fortunately, the current express delivery is gradually recovering, and the income is slowly getting better.

　　Today, Liu Jinyin’s live account has 850,000 fans, and the sales of mountain products have been in short supply. This year, he plans to increase the total sales to more than 20 million yuan. In the future, he hopes to continue to create well and help more poor mountainous areas get rid of poverty and become rich.

　　"My culture is not high. If I don’t change and innovate, fans will get bored sooner or later." Liu Jinyin was not lost by the aura of "online celebrity". He rationally told reporters that the competition in the industry was becoming more and more fierce, and he had to bear great pressure every day. He paid attention to current events whenever he had leisure time, and read books on media operation, food and other aspects, so as to make himself more connotative and have development potential.

　　On April 17th, Chengdu Urban and Rural Real Estate Administration (hereinafter referred to as "the Housing Authority") issued a circular on the handling of six illegal development enterprises.

　　The circular pointed out that in the recent special rectification of the market order, the bureau found that some development enterprises had bundled sales, did not meet the conditions for the sale of commercial housing, charged fees for the nature of reservations, spread price information, maliciously speculated, bid up housing prices, and created a tense sales atmosphere, which seriously disrupted the order of the real estate market.

　　Bundled tying parking spaces for "Shouchuang Jiaozi No.1" and "Shouchuang Guanghe City"

　　In order to strictly implement the regulation policy of the real estate market, severely crack down on illegal activities, protect the legitimate rights and interests of the masses, and maintain a fair and equitable market environment, Chengdu Housing Management Bureau decided to punish Chengdu Capital Jinhui Real Estate Co., Ltd., a project development enterprise of "Capital Jiaozi No.1", and Chengdu Capital Zhenghua Real Estate Co., Ltd., a project development enterprise of "Capital Guanghecheng", for tying up parking spaces against the wishes of buyers when selling commercial houses. Temporarily shut down the online signing system of commercial housing sales contracts for these two projects, and reduce the credit scores of Chengdu Capital Zhenghua Real Estate Co., Ltd. and Chengdu Capital Jinhui Real Estate Co., Ltd. according to the regulations, and send a copy of their violations to the administrative department for industry and commerce for investigation and handling according to law.

　　2 developers spread price information and were included in the "blacklist"

　　In addition, for the behaviors that Kaiya (Chengdu) Real Estate Co., Ltd. and Chengdu Langyuan Real Estate Development Co., Ltd. do not meet the sales conditions of commercial housing, Chengdu Xingsheng Real Estate Co., Ltd. and Sichuan Xinjing Industrial Co., Ltd. spread price increase information, maliciously speculate, drive up house prices, create a tense sales atmosphere and other violations were entered into the "Chengdu Real Estate Industry Credit Information Platform" and included in the key supervision scope of Chengdu Housing Management Bureau. Copy their credit records to the "Sichuan Real Estate Development Enterprise Credit System" and "Chengdu Credit Network" for exposure, and list relevant illegal enterprises and employees in the "blacklist" of Chengdu real estate industry credit.

　　Chengdu Housing Management Bureau hopes that all real estate development enterprises will take a warning, earnestly fulfill their corporate social responsibilities, carry out self-examination and self-correction in a timely manner in strict accordance with real estate-related laws and regulations and real estate market regulation policies, so as to operate in accordance with the law, operate in good faith, and conduct fair and just transactions, and jointly promote the stable and healthy development of Chengdu’s real estate market. (Reporter Liu Xing Wenqiang)

Ninghai county administrative examination and approval management office (hereinafter referred to as Ninghai county audit management office), formerly known as Ninghai county people’s government accreditation center (renamed Ninghai county administrative service center in December 2003), was formally established in April 2008. Since its establishment, Ninghai County Audit Office has adhered to the working philosophy of "satisfying the people is our pursuit", adhering to the service tenet of "convenience, standardization, high efficiency and honesty", based on the service brand of "heart-to-hand connection and unlimited service", taking the convenience of investors and serving the masses of enterprises as the value orientation, and implementing the operation mode of centralized management and window office. At present, the building area of the administrative service hall is 22,050 square meters, and there are 246 staff members, with an annual average of more than 500,000 pieces. It has successively won the honorary titles of Zhejiang Advanced Grass-roots Party Organization, Zhejiang Outstanding Youth Civilization, Zhejiang Civilized Unit, and National Women’s Civilized Post, and has been called the "government supermarket" in Ninghai.

As an important carrier of service-oriented government construction, in recent years, according to the requirements of the "streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services" reform of the central government and the "Four Clears and One Net" reform of Zhejiang Province, Ninghai County Audit and Management Office has been innovative and brave in exploration, and has effectively improved the efficiency of examination and approval services through measures such as process reengineering, simulated examination and approval, dynamic management, filling in gaps and joint examination and approval. On January 16th, 2017, since Zhejiang Province put forward the reform of "running at most once", Ninghai County Audit and Management Office closely followed the pulse of the times, quickly completed the reform of "accepting and integrating services in one window" with the spirit of nailing nails, announced the power items of "running at most once" administrative examination and approval, actively created an upgraded version of the reform of administrative examination and approval system, and promoted the implementation of the reform of "running at most once" to get the reform bonus as soon as possible. On March 13th, 2017, Ninghai County Audit Office’s advanced experience, Ninghai County’s Creation of "Ten Running Methods" and Accelerating the Reform of "Running Once at Most", was affirmed by Mayor Qiu Dongyao of Ningbo City, and then published in a special issue in the General Office of Zhejiang Provincial People’s Government, and reported to the State Council. Media such as Ningbo Daily, Ningbo News and Zhejiang Daily have reported advanced practices many times.

First, innovate and continue to deepen the reform of the administrative examination and approval system

1 to promote the reform of administrative examination and approval functions. Since 2008, the Audit Office of Ninghai County has carried out the reform of administrative examination and approval functions with the main goal of "two centralization and two in place", that is, the examination and approval functions of functional departments are centralized in one department, and the administrative examination and approval department is centralized in the examination and approval service hall, and the examination and approval projects of functional departments are centralized in the administrative service center window, and the approval authorization of functional departments to the person in charge of the window is in place. All departments have set up or listed administrative examination and approval departments, and entered the window of the administrative service hall in an organizational system. All the section chiefs and deputy section chiefs have arrived at their posts, and the authorization is in place, which has achieved the purpose of one leader in charge, one pen signing and approving, one window opening to the outside world and one-stop service, and completely solved the problems of accepting at both ends and the masses running at both ends. At present, there are 34 departmental windows in Ninghai County Administrative Service Center, 20 independent windows, 11 comprehensive windows and 3 sub-centers.

2. Promote the construction of Ninghai platform of government service network. In March, 2014, according to the unified deployment of Zhejiang provincial government, the construction of "four clean sheets and one net" was launched in an all-round way (list of government power, negative list of enterprise investment, list of financial special funds management, list of government responsibilities, Ninghai platform of Zhejiang government service network), and Ninghai County Audit Management Office was responsible for sorting out the "three and a half items" of audit power list (administrative license, administrative confirmation, audit report and annual inspection, filing and other approval rights in other administrative powers). At present, a total of 1016 items of "three and a half" examination and approval power have been determined in the county. Except for 16 items that meet the requirements and are not allowed to enter the administrative service hall, all 1000 items have entered the window, with a occupancy rate of 100%. Of the 1,000 "three-and-a-half" examination and approval power items stationed, except for 13 authorizations, 987 authorizations were in place, and the on-site handling rate reached 98.7%. Dynamically manage the speed-up of administrative examination and approval in each window, and "force" each window to improve service efficiency and speed up examination and approval. At present, the total promised processing advance rate of the administrative service hall is 87.47%, and the actual processing advance rate remains above 98%.

3. Promote the reform of "one-window acceptance and integrated service". Since 2017, the Audit Office of Ninghai County has actively played the role of the main channel of the administrative service center, actively promoted the reform of "running at most once" and "accepting and integrating services in one window", rearranged the existing windows of the administrative service center according to the principles of "doing one thing in one window" and "relatively separating the right to accept and the right to review and decide", implemented the comprehensive acceptance staff, and implemented "one person with multiple posts and multiple functions in one post". Integrate the original layout with a single department as the window into six categories of comprehensive service processing areas, including capital construction projects, commercial registration, real estate registration, public security services, public security exit-entry management, and social and people’s livelihood affairs. Enterprises can handle multi-departmental matters without running errands to and from multiple department windows. For example, real estate registration originally needed to run errands in the three departments of housing management, finance and taxation, and real estate. Now, you only need to run a window of ownership registration to complete the examination and approval at one time, which will boost the reform goal of "running at most once".

4. Promote postal express service in the window. The introduction of postal courier companies into the window of the administrative service center, for matters that cannot be declared online, on the basis of voluntary principle, entrusts postal courier companies to carry out the express delivery service of licenses. Applicants only need to sign a delivery agreement and fill out a delivery application, and the postal courier companies can deliver the licenses to the door, "turning the masses into express delivery". At the same time, the qualified departments are encouraged to subsidize the reduction or preferential treatment of license express delivery fees in the form of "government pays the bill". Up to now, 15,157 pieces of accounting qualification certificates and entry and exit certificates have been sent by postal courier company. At the same time, we will actively create five special services, such as "no holiday" service, "nanny-style" agency, "zero distance" site, "through-train" express service and "no lunch break" work.

Two, self revolution, strictly regulate the administrative examination and approval service process.

1. Standardize the industry joint examination and approval standards. We will fully implement the joint examination and approval standards for 16 industries, including bathing, maintenance and management of Class I motor vehicles, transportation, hotels, small and medium-sized restaurants, culture and entertainment, overseas satellite TV, large supermarkets, film screening, swimming pools, automobile beauty, agriculture (fishing) music, hotels, hairdressers, cafes and foot baths, with the lead window taking the lead according to the mode of "one window for acceptance, internal circulation and one window for delivery". For example, in the homestay industry, it used to be necessary to run five departmental windows, such as fire protection, public security, environmental protection, health and family planning, and market supervision. Now, you only need to run one departmental window of public security to get all the documents, which effectively realizes the reform goal of "running at most once".

2. Standardize regional joint examination and approval standards. Innovative implementation of cross-project, cross-departmental and cross-plot linkage approval mode, the "Implementation Measures for Regional Joint Approval of Investment Projects in Ninghai County (Trial)" was introduced, and the province took the lead in piloting regional joint approval of investment projects. All the investment projects in the industrial base of "Two Zones and Eight Parks" will be regarded as one project, and the pre-approval procedures such as planning environmental impact assessment, soil and water conservation plan and industrial planning of the whole region will be worked out in a "packaged" way in advance. For the designated projects settled in the region, the procedures for filing will be implemented first, which will simplify the approval procedures for individual projects. Taking the industrial park as a unit, the planning indicators such as greening rate, floor area ratio, building density, parking spaces and civil air defense facilities are planned as a whole, and the "single check" is changed into "regional overall check", which breaks through the limitation of land use, improves the yield per mu and achieves overall coordination and balance. Effectively reduce the examination and approval links and reduce the number of runs.

3. Standardize the preconditions for administrative examination and approval. In order to solve the problem of "difficult and troublesome work", in 2015, Ninghai County Audit and Management Office carried out a special clean-up work on certification materials in the field of people’s livelihood, and found out 86 certificates required, and urged all departments to cancel 23 illegal and unreasonable certificates and temporarily keep 63 items. In the special supervision activity of finding out "difficult matters for grassroots people to handle affairs", it was affirmed by Mao Linsheng, party secretary and deputy director of the Standing Committee of Zhejiang Provincial People’s Congress. In 2016, Ninghai County Audit Office cleaned up the pre-condition materials of 1016 examination and approval power matters in the county, and cancelled 29 pre-intermediary services of 158 administrative examination and approval, accounting for 18.35%; 159 pre-condition materials such as certificates and seals, 77 items were cancelled, accounting for 48.43%; 55 Pre-condition material cover clauses, 32 items were cancelled, accounting for 58.18%. Reduce the phenomenon of repeated provision and repeated provision of materials, effectively solve the strange phenomenon of "approval for approval", reduce the burden on enterprises and reduce the number of errands.

4. Standardize the operation mechanism of administrative examination and approval. Give full play to the gathering function of the administrative service center, innovate the examination and approval operation mechanism, implement the examination and approval mode of "one acceptance, copying and reporting, joint examination and completion within a time limit", establish and improve the joint examination and approval mechanism of investment projects, and establish the "6+1" consultation, "8+X" joint examination and hierarchical coordination mechanism. In the process of investment project examination and approval service, straighten out the business circulation relationship, and complete the project examination and approval in a "one-time" and "one-stop" way through joint meetings, joint reconnaissance, joint map examination and departmental linkage, so as to improve the examination and approval efficiency.

Third, follow the trend and boldly use "Internet+government services"

1 to promote the construction of a unified administrative power operation system. In March 2014, the construction of Ninghai platform of Zhejiang government service network was started. On June 25 of the same year, the platform was displayed to the public and became a collection platform carrying four lists and public service lists. In June 2015, the unified administrative power operation system of Ninghai platform was officially put into operation online, and all the "three and a half" administrative examination and approval power items were accepted online. In 2016, the extension of Ninghai Platform to townships (streets) and villages (communities) was completed, and 118 items of power in townships (streets) and 49 items in villages (communities) were pushed. A three-level linkage network approval platform connecting 18 township (street) convenience service centers, 363 village-level convenience service centers and 28 community service centers will be built, and a cross-level background approval circulation mechanism will be established, so that enterprises can realize "running at most once" at their doorstep.

2. Promote the superposition effect of "internet plus" approval. Since 2017, 864 items of "running at most once" in 33 administrative examination and approval functional departments in the county have been sorted out, accounting for 85.04% of the total, and the goal of reaching 80% by the end of the year proposed by the provincial government has been completed ahead of schedule. There are five ways to achieve "running at most once", namely: 151 items to be done immediately, accounting for 17.48%; Window declaration, 346 items of express delivery, accounting for 40.05%; Online declaration, pre-trial, window verification and picking up 354 items, accounting for 40.97%; The whole process of online bidding, express delivery of 6 items, accounting for 0.69%; The whole process of online bidding, online pick-up items 7, accounting for 0.81%. According to local conditions, the pilot will be carried out first, and 12 towns and villages, such as central village, island village, Gaoshan village and satellite city, will be selected to build demonstration sites, and terminals will be added to build a "full coverage" government service system combining online and offline. Combined with "online intermediary supermarket", online joint examination of construction drawings, mobile phone approval, etc., give full play to the multiple effect of administrative examination and approval. Do your best to let the masses run less and run more information.

3. Promote the construction of online approval and supervision platform for investment projects. Relying on Ninghai platform of Zhejiang government service network, a unified framework, norms and standards, vertical and horizontal linkage investment project approval and supervision platform was developed, which was officially put into use on August 22, 2016. All matters that need the signature and seal of government departments in the whole process of investment projects from registration and coding to completion acceptance were included in the platform operation, so as to realize the smooth operation of the whole network of the platform. When an investment project is approved, it is uniformly coded by the window of the development and reform department as the unique identity of the whole project construction cycle. All investment projects are uniformly approved on the online approval and supervision platform of investment projects, and subsequent approval departments identify relevant approval information by project codes, effectively breaking the departmental information barrier and avoiding the phenomenon that project owners repeatedly provide and repeatedly provide pre-approval results.

4. Promote the construction of video workstations in virtual halls. Upgrade WeChat WeChat official account, purchase a video terminal, and create the first video workstation for consultation and consultation in the virtual hall in the province. For the popular matters of investment projects, industrial and commercial registration and other enterprises, by clicking on the matters to be handled in the virtual hall, the video will automatically connect to the approval window, and the window staff will provide remote guidance to solve problems, so as to build a service system in which the project owner and the approver can seamlessly connect, and reduce the number of errands for investment projects. At the same time, the WeChat pre-approval service is implemented. The enterprise masses download the form on WeChat WeChat official account and upload the approval materials through WeChat. The window staff pre-examine the materials provided by the applicant, and complete the approval if the materials meet the requirements. The enterprise masses can lead the relevant licenses on the spot as long as they run the window once to check the original.

Four, the courage to fight, explore the development path of administrative examination and approval services.

1. Reengineering the investment project approval process. In order to solve the problems of many preconditions, many examination links, many examination departments, long examination and approval time, and "difficult and troublesome examination and approval". The Implementation Measures for Optimizing the Examination and Approval Process of Investment Projects in Ninghai County was promulgated, and the examination and approval services within the jurisdiction of investment projects were reduced from 42 to 24, and the cumulative time for examination and approval was reduced to 40 days. In view of the phenomenon that small and micro projects in rural areas have less investment but the same number of approval links, it is decided to change the village-level projects that do not involve government funds from the approval system to the filing system, that is, from the original three links of proposal approval, feasibility study report approval and preliminary design approval to the filing one link for approval.

2. Simulated examination and approval of innovative investment projects. The Implementation Opinions on Simulated Examination and Approval of Investment Projects in Ninghai County was issued. On the basis of consultation and demonstration on the feasibility construction of investment projects, simulated examination and approval were carried out for investment projects with mature conditions in the early stage, and the land was deemed to have been obtained. After the planning scheme was determined, the examination and approval methods such as pre-examination, pre-examination and pre-intervention were implemented to speed up the examination and approval. In the same examination and approval process, pre-examination and pre-investigation shall be carried out to separate the technical elements from the procedural elements. If the technical elements basically meet the examination and approval requirements, a simulated examination and approval opinion shall be issued; In different examination and approval links, advance examination and approval shall be implemented, disrupting the pre-approval methods in the inherent examination and approval procedures, and some pre-approval shall not be regarded as the necessary conditions for post-approval; In the whole examination and approval process, we should intervene in advance, and after completing the pre-examination, budget review, planning review and other related links, we should intervene in advance in bidding to realize the early implementation of one or several monomers.

3. Implement efficient examination and approval of industrial projects. From the preparation of planning conditions before land listing, the preparation of land transfer scheme to the handling of construction permit, the methods of "early intervention" and "parallel approval" are adopted for enterprises’ investment intention projects, and the project-related simulation approval and land bidding, auction and hanging are carried out simultaneously, and all approval processes are completed in 94 working days, including 29 working days for administrative approval and 65 working days for intermediary service, creating a full flow chart of 100-day efficient approval for industrial social investment projects.

4. Promote joint measurement and joint completion acceptance of industrial investment projects. The "Notice on Implementing Joint Surveying and Mapping for Construction Project Completion" was issued, and the "Three Surveying in One" system was implemented for investment projects. The Implementation Plan for Joint Acceptance of Industrial Social Investment Projects in Ninghai County (Trial) was issued, and the operation method of combining pre-test with joint acceptance was implemented.

5. Innovate the linkage mechanism of intermediary services. Establish "pre-intermediary service area involving investment project approval" and "online service supermarket involving pre-intermediary approval", and publish intermediary service catalogue. Research and develop intermediary service monitoring system, and integrate intermediary service into electronic monitoring system to implement "dynamic management". Strengthen the communication and contact between examination and approval departments, intermediaries and project owners, form a seamless connection between examination and approval departments, intermediaries and owners, and form a tripartite linkage mechanism. The advanced practices have been affirmed by Vice Governor Zhu Congjiu.

6. Carry out agency services for investment projects. Establish a county agency service center for the whole process of investment projects, set up an agency studio, implement full-time agents, establish a county, township (street) two-level agency service system, formulate the "Detailed Rules for the Implementation of Agency Service for the Whole Process of Investment Project Approval in Ninghai County", refine the agency and assistance mechanism, determine a special person to be responsible for tracking the progress of project approval, hold regular work meetings, supervise the progress of approval every month, and seamlessly connect investment projects by means of departmental linkage and on-site centralized service. Ensure that "information is submitted in time, approval is approved in time, and approval is not divorced", provide "shop assistant" service for administrative approval of investment projects, and speed up the construction of investment projects.

Fifth, help each other in the same boat and get through the "last mile" of serving the masses of enterprises

1. Introduce OSM site management standardization. The OSM site management system of Hong Kong Site Management Institute was introduced, and the management standards of personnel, space, articles, equipment, information and waste were formulated, and standardized management was implemented, so that the overall image of the window was obviously improved and the working environment of the masses was obviously improved.

2. Implement the third-party telephone return visit system. Entrust the third party of telecom to pay a return visit to the examination and approval service results, publish them in the monthly inspection report in time, and give feedback and suggestions. At the same time, we will increase the assessment of the satisfaction of the masses, and include the assessment of the satisfaction of the masses in the monthly and annual assessment of the window. At present, the satisfaction rate of telephone return visits is over 99.6%.

3. Strengthen window management inspection inspectors. Through daily supervision, weekly inspection, monthly assessment and annual assessment, the management assessment of staff and department windows is scientifically set up and implemented. Take the initiative to listen to the opinions and suggestions of all parties through issuing service object evaluation forms, in-depth investigation of enterprises and grassroots units. By hiring supervisors of morals, consulting opinions regularly, and widely accepting social supervision. Through the whole process supervision of electronic monitoring system, problems can be found and corrected in time, and the management of administrative service center can be strengthened from all channels, in an all-round and three-dimensional way.

4. Strengthen the evaluation of window departments. A series of institutional measures, such as the Implementation Measures for the Service Assessment of Ninghai County Administrative Service Center, the Interim Measures for Investigating the Fault Responsibility of Window Staff, and the Service Star Appraisal Measures, were issued, and the administrative examination and approval service of window departments was included in the work target management assessment, with an assessment score of 3 points, which effectively strengthened the window management.

　　A few days ago, the State Council issued the Guiding Opinions on Establishing a Modern Hospital Management System, which will basically form a modern hospital management system by 2020. The "Opinions" put forward three aspects: perfecting the hospital management system, establishing and perfecting the hospital governance system, and strengthening the party building in hospitals, with a total of 20 reform tasks: gradually canceling the administrative level of public hospitals; The heads of health departments at all levels shall not concurrently serve as leaders of public hospitals; Establish a salary system that adapts to the characteristics of the medical industry; It is forbidden to set income-generating indicators for medical staff … …

　　What will happen in the future? What reform dividends will medical staff reap? What will the hospital look like in 2020?

　　What’s the change in seeing a doctor?

　　Increase the service of benefiting the people and you can see a doctor at your doorstep.

　　City doctors have served at the grassroots or counterpart medical institutions for not less than 1 year before being promoted to the title of attending physician or deputy chief physician. Third-level public hospitals should all participate in the construction of medical complexes and play a leading role, further improve medical services, optimize medical procedures, rationally arrange facilities in consultation areas, scientifically implement appointment diagnosis and treatment, and implement daytime surgery, telemedicine and multidisciplinary joint diagnosis and treatment models. Strengthen the emergency rescue force and smooth the green passage in front of the hospital. Carry out information-based convenience services such as medical guidance, settlement between clinics, push of inspection results, and settlement of medical treatment in different places. At the same time, carry out quality nursing services and strengthen the services of social workers and volunteers.

　　Clear the first responsible person, and find the dean when there is a medical accident.

　　Establish a medical quality management and control system that covers the whole process of clinical diagnosis and treatment services, and strictly implement the core systems of medical quality and safety, such as first consultation, three-level rounds, graded nursing, surgical grading management, antibiotic grading management, and clinical blood safety.

　　It is clear that the dean is the first responsible person for the hospital’s legal practice and medical quality and safety, and the responsibility system for medical quality and safety is implemented at the hospital and department levels. Properly resolve medical disputes, promote the construction of "three mediations and one insurance" mechanism that organically combines hospital mediation, people’s mediation, judicial mediation and medical risk sharing mechanism, and build a harmonious doctor-patient relationship.

　　What changes have been made in the treatment of doctors?

　　Pay more for more work, and the salary shall not be linked to business income.

　　The Opinions require that the human resource management system be improved. Establish and improve the management of personnel employment, post management, professional title management, medical practitioners management, nursing staff management, income distribution management and other systems. In terms of post setting, income distribution, professional title evaluation, management and use, the internal and external personnel of the establishment should be considered as a whole. Public hospitals make independent distribution within the approved total salary, reflecting the post differences, taking into account the balance of disciplines, and achieving more work and more rewards. According to the relevant regulations, hospitals can explore the implementation of target annual salary system and agreed salary. The salary of medical personnel shall not be linked to the business income of drugs, sanitary materials, inspection and testing.

　　It is forbidden to set income-generating targets, and patient satisfaction will affect income.

　　The "Opinions" clarify that it is necessary to improve the performance appraisal system. The performance appraisal of hospitals by the government and the organizers will be implemented in departments and medical staff, and medical staff in different positions and ranks will be classified. Establish and improve the performance appraisal index system, focusing on the direction of running the hospital, social benefits, medical services, economic management, personnel training, sustainable development, etc., highlighting the performance of post responsibilities, workload, service quality, behavioral norms, medical quality and safety, medical cost control, medical ethics and patient satisfaction. It is strictly forbidden to set income-generating targets for medical staff. The assessment results are linked to the post employment, professional title promotion and personal salary of medical staff.

　　What are the new highlights of the reform?

　　Cancel the administrative level of public hospitals, and the person in charge of the health planning department is prohibited from concurrently leading.

　　Establish and improve the hospital governance system, actively explore various effective forms of separation of management and operation in public hospitals, and coordinate the implementation of government medical duties. The government exercises the right to hold public hospitals, the right to develop, the right to make decisions on major issues, the right to return on assets, etc., and deliberates the articles of association, development planning, implementation of major projects, revenue and expenditure budgets of public hospitals, etc.

　　Determine the total establishment of public hospitals within the existing local establishment, and gradually implement the filing system. In accordance with the relevant provisions of the Central Organization Department on the management of public hospital leaders, the selection and appointment of public hospital leaders. Gradually cancel the administrative level of public hospitals, and the heads of health and family planning administrative departments at all levels (including Chinese medicine management departments) are not allowed to concurrently hold leadership positions in public hospitals.

　　Luxury decoration is strictly prohibited in hospitals, and the proportion of special services does not exceed 10%.

　　Deepen the reform of medical insurance payment methods, give full play to the role of medical insurance in regulating, guiding, supervising and restricting medical service behavior and expenses, and gradually extend the supervision of medical insurance on medical institutions to the supervision of medical service behavior of medical personnel. Strictly control the bed size, construction standards and large-scale medical equipment in public hospitals, strictly prohibit debt construction and luxury decoration, and gradually compress beds beyond the scale standards. Control the scale of special services in public hospitals, and the proportion of special services provided shall not exceed 10%.

　　Clarify the government’s supervision function and establish a "blacklist" and accountability mechanism.

　　The "Opinions" require that the government’s supervision function on hospitals be clarified. Establish a comprehensive supervision system, focusing on strengthening the supervision of medical quality and safety, medical expenses, large prescriptions, fraudulent insurance fraud, drug rebates and other behaviors in hospitals at all levels, establishing a "blacklist" system, and forming a long-term and diversified supervision mechanism for the whole industry. An accountability mechanism should be established for acts such as arbitrary charges and bad practice that have a significant social impact, acts that cause major medical accidents and major safety accidents, serious cases of violation of law and discipline, and acts that seriously violate the construction of morals. Strengthen the medical service supervision function of the health and family planning administrative department, and improve the access and exit mechanism of institutions, personnel, technology and equipment.