A word of hard work, a picture is worth a thousand words, and it has spread to thousands of families. Recently, the 2022 "Praise China" online comment contest with the theme of "New Era, New Journey and New Youth" was officially launched. Confess to the times with the voice of youth, and "Praise China" radiates positive energy, which directly hits people’s hearts, inspires morale, leads the majority of young people to follow the light, and be a good "writer" in the new era.

　　Internet comment is an important part of Internet content construction, which is related to the clear and clear cyberspace. From the former "reporting accessories" to today’s "rendering-oriented"; From the former "catalyst" to today’s "reactant" … … For some time, with its powerful communication, guidance, influence and credibility, online commentary has gradually become the main front for public opinion guidance and an important starting point for building a network power. As a young person in the new era who leads the network atmosphere, when encountering hot and sensitive topics, you may wish to "let the bullets fly for a while" first. You can neither follow the crowd, drift with the tide, nor be extreme and astounding. It is necessary to keep the bottom line of online comments on justice, and after in-depth understanding and serious thinking, give out the voice of reason, justice and hope. Effectively guide more young people to feel, follow and become light with what they see, feel and think.

　　An excellent online review can not only guide the trend of public opinion, but also promote the development of the times. On May 11th, 1978, Guangming Daily published a review article "Practice is the only criterion for testing truth", which triggered a great discussion on the criterion of truth. It is the highest evaluation of an online review to make readers think, have fun and gain something from reading. This requires us to have correct, distinct and profound views when writing online comments. We should be good at finding the "extraordinary" from the "ordinary" and the personality from the commonness. "Listen to thunder in a silent place and see flowers in a colorless place." Through the silent reasoning of the spring breeze, we can make clear, clear and thorough what is in favor of, against, praised and criticized, and truly achieve the purpose of dispelling doubts, guiding public opinion and transmitting positive energy.

　　Grounding gas, steaming, and aura are the proper meanings of "praise". This requires us to get rid of the shackles of official writing, break through the barriers of "mandarin" and "cliché", be good at attracting readers with popular "net talk" and revitalize articles with smart and lively brushwork; It also requires us to focus on the readers’ "urgent difficulties and worries", take root at the grassroots level, work hard, and work out a "prescription for treating diseases" with an empathetic perspective, profound and unique thinking and warm strokes. I will put my "myriad thoughts" and "clear love and hate" in my heart into reason and explain, realize intimate communication with readers, and truly reach ideological consensus and emotional resonance.

　　Read China, comment on China and believe in China. Young people are the most active "aborigines" in the network age, and also the most sensitive "barometer" to perceive the pulse of the times. We have reason to believe that the "Praise China" online comment contest will use words with height, depth and temperature to show the most beautiful posture of young people in the new era struggling on the youth track; It will also make the beauty of cyberspace more direct to people’s hearts and more unite the youthful power of unity and forge ahead. (Author: Zhu Yan)

　　The 2022 "Praise China" online comment contest was officially launched.

Opinions of the General Office of Hunan Provincial People’s Government on the Implementation of Several Provisions on the Safety Management of Residents’ Self-built Houses in Hunan Province

Xiang Zheng Ban Fa [2023] No.7

The people’s governments of cities, counties and cities, the provincial government departments and commissions, and the directly affiliated institutions:

　　"Several Provisions on the Safety Management of Residents’ Self-built Houses in Hunan Province" (hereinafter referred to as "Several Provisions") was adopted at the 34th meeting of the Standing Committee of the 13th People’s Congress of Hunan Province on November 23, 2022, and shall come into force on January 1, 2023. In order to do a good job in the implementation of the "Several Provisions", this opinion is formulated with the consent of the provincial people’s government.

　　I. General requirements

　　We will fully implement the spirit of the 20th Party Congress and the important instructions of the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader on safety in production, especially the safety of residents’ self-built houses, coordinate development and safety, strictly implement the responsibility of territorial management, strengthen the responsibility of departmental guidance and supervision, compact the main responsibility of those responsible for housing use safety, establish and improve the working system of coordinated joint control, full chain control and closed-loop control, promote the normal and long-term safety management of residents’ self-built houses, and effectively protect the safety of people’s lives and property.

　　Second, the main task

　　(A) to strengthen land planning and construction management

　　1. Strict planning and control. Strictly implement the land and space planning, and basically complete the planning of towns and villages before the end of 2023 to achieve full coverage of village planning; Strengthen the preparation and implementation of detailed planning, clarify the controlling indicators such as land use scope, height and number of floors, strictly implement the provisions that "no new residents’ self-built houses shall be built within the current construction land of cities and counties" and "no new residents’ self-built houses shall generally exceed three floors", and strengthen the control over the number of floors and height of residents’ self-built houses. (Responsible unit: Provincial Department of Natural Resources, people’s governments of cities, counties and cities. The following shall be the responsibility of the people’s governments of cities, counties and cities, and will not be listed)

　　2. Improve site selection and land use approval services. Carry out risk investigation in areas prone to geological disasters, and formulate risk zoning and control measures; Guide the rational delineation of the scope of construction land, and strengthen the approval of land use and planning for new construction, renovation (expansion) construction and reconstruction of residents’ self-built houses; Guide the Township People’s Government to do a good job in issuing the approval letter of rural homestead. (Responsible units: Provincial Department of Natural Resources and Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs. Involving multiple provincial units, each unit is responsible for the division of responsibilities, the same below).

　　3. Standardize construction approval and supervision. City, state, county and city people’s governments, township people’s governments and sub-district offices shall strengthen the capacity building of residents’ self-built housing safety supervision, and clarify the supervision institutions and personnel. For self-built houses built by residents with three floors or above, if the project investment is more than 300,000 yuan or the construction area is more than 300 square meters (referred to as "self-built houses built by residents above the quota"), the new construction, renovation (expansion) construction and reconstruction shall go through the procedures of construction drawing review, quality and safety supervision, construction permit, completion acceptance and filing according to law, and the county-level housing and urban construction departments shall strengthen daily supervision; Other residents’ self-built houses (hereinafter referred to as "self-built houses for residents below the quota") shall be supervised by the county-level housing and urban-rural construction departments to the township people’s governments and sub-district offices for quality and safety, and random checks shall be conducted according to a certain proportion. The provincial housing and urban-rural construction department shall formulate the management measures for the completion and acceptance of residents’ self-built houses below the "quota" before June 30, 2023, and guide the quality and safety acceptance of residents’ self-built houses in the province. Implement the system of permanent signs embedded in residents’ self-built houses, and implement the main responsibilities related to housing quality and safety. (Responsible unit: Provincial Department of Housing and Urban-Rural Development)

　　4. Do a good job in information sharing of residents’ self-built houses. Township People’s governments and sub-district offices shall timely send a copy of the construction information of each new building, renovation (expansion) building and reconstruction of residents’ self-built houses to the departments of county-level natural resources, urban and rural housing construction, agriculture and rural areas, urban management and comprehensive law enforcement, and form an information sharing and linkage supervision mechanism. (Responsible units: Provincial Department of Natural Resources, Provincial Department of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs)

　　(two) strict management of self-built houses for residents.

　　5. Strengthen the management and control of the business format and number of self-built houses for operating residents. Standardize the relevant certification materials submitted for the registration of residents’ self-built houses as the main residence (business premises) of the market. At the time of registration, the owner of the self-built house who uses the self-built house as the main residence (business premises) of the market needs to submit a certificate of ownership of the residence (business premises) and a letter of commitment that each self-built house has no more than three business formats, and is responsible for the authenticity and legality of the materials. The registration authority shall conduct a formal review. The provincial market supervision department introduced the supporting system and management measures for residents’ self-built houses to be converted into business purposes. The municipal and state market supervision, education, public security, commerce, culture and tourism, health and health, emergency management, civil affairs and other departments, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the province, differentiated different business formats to formulate control standards for the number of self-built houses for operating residents, and guided and urged all localities to complete the adjustment of residents’ self-built houses that did not meet the requirements of business formats and numbers before June 30, 2025. (Responsible units: Provincial Market Supervision Bureau, Provincial Education Department, Provincial Public Security Department, Provincial Department of Commerce, Provincial Department of Culture and Tourism, Provincial Health and Wellness Commission, Provincial Emergency Department and Provincial Civil Affairs Department)

　　6. Strengthen the fire safety management of self-built houses for operating residents. Improve the relevant provisions and technical standards for fire safety management of self-built houses for operating residents, guide and strengthen the fire safety management of self-built houses for operating residents and those with changed use purposes, and urge the implementation of provisions such as the use of fire and electricity, the configuration and maintenance of fire-fighting facilities and equipment, safe evacuation and fire separation, and shall not occupy or block evacuation passages and safety exits. According to the law to carry out the fire design review and acceptance of residents’ self-built houses, and do a good job in daily fire inspection and fire rescue. (Responsible units: Provincial Fire Rescue Corps, Provincial Department of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, Provincial Public Security Department and Provincial Market Supervision Bureau)

　　7. Carry out insurance services for residents’ self-built houses. We will develop insurance products for the safety management of residents’ self-built houses, and encourage those responsible for the use of self-built houses to purchase housing safety insurance. (Responsible unit: Hunan Banking Insurance Regulatory Bureau)

　　(3) Strengthen the management of safety appraisal of residents’ self-built houses.

　　8. Strictly regulate the situation of house safety appraisal. Establish and improve the safety appraisal system for residents’ self-built houses. If houses with obvious subsidence, cracks, inclination and corrosion are found in the safety investigation and rectification, houses damaged due to natural disasters, fires, explosions and other accidents, and houses with other obvious safety hazards endanger public safety, the Township People’s Government and sub-district offices shall urge those responsible for housing use safety to entrust appraisal institutions to conduct safety appraisal. Engaged in catering, accommodation, entertainment, education and training, pension and other personnel-intensive business activities, the responsible person for the safe use of residents’ self-built houses shall obtain the certificate of housing safety appraisal that conforms to the requirements of the business format or the relevant certification materials for the completion acceptance after the renovation (expansion) and reconstruction according to the requirements of the business format, and the relevant information shall be included in the housing safety clear card and posted in a prominent position; County-level market supervision and management, education, public security, commerce, culture and tourism, health, emergency management, civil affairs and other departments shall conduct supervision and inspection according to laws and regulations. (Responsible units: Provincial Department of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, Provincial Market Supervision Bureau, Provincial Department of Education, Provincial Public Security Department, Provincial Department of Commerce, Provincial Department of Culture and Tourism, Provincial Health and Wellness Committee, Provincial Emergency Department and Provincial Civil Affairs Department)

　　9 clear housing safety appraisal institutions. Provincial Housing and Urban-Rural Construction Department shall improve the normative documents of housing safety appraisal management in a timely manner in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, and the housing and urban-rural construction departments of cities and prefectures shall, before June 30, 2023, combine local conditions, and report the list of institutions with independent legal personality, corresponding professional technicians and professional equipment and facilities engaged in housing safety appraisal to the provincial housing and urban-rural construction department for the record, and make it public for public inquiry. (Responsible unit: Provincial Department of Housing and Urban-Rural Development)

　　10. Compacting the responsibility of housing safety appraisal institutions. City and county housing and urban-rural construction departments should strengthen supervision and inspection of the authenticity and accuracy of appraisal reports, and city and county market supervision departments should standardize the charging behavior of housing safety appraisal institutions, and severely investigate and deal with acts of issuing false appraisal reports and charging fees in violation of laws and regulations according to law. The appraisal institution shall deliver the appraisal report to the client in time and report to the township people’s government, neighborhood offices and county-level housing and urban-rural construction departments where the house is located; If there is a danger of collapse, the appraisal institution shall immediately inform the client and immediately report to the township people’s government, street offices and county-level housing and urban-rural construction departments where the house is located. Township people’s governments and sub-district offices shall, according to the appraisal report, promptly issue a notice to urge the people to solve the crisis or take emergency measures, and urge those responsible for the safety of housing use to take measures to solve the crisis. (Responsible unit: Provincial Department of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, Provincial Market Supervision Bureau)

　　(4) Strengthen the investigation and rectification of hidden dangers of residents’ self-built houses.

　　11. Highlight the key points of investigation and rectification. The people’s governments of provinces, cities, counties and cities shall establish and improve the working mechanism for the investigation and rectification of safety risks of residents’ self-built houses. County and urban people’s governments should guide and urge township people’s governments and sub-district offices to conduct a comprehensive investigation on key areas such as urban-rural fringe, villages in cities, resettlement areas, schools and hospitals, industrial parks, tourist attractions, and geological disaster-prone areas, and strengthen daily inspections, highlighting the inspection of key contents such as structural safety, operational safety, fire safety, and legal compliance of construction. (Responsible units: Provincial Department of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, Provincial Market Supervision Bureau, Provincial Fire and Rescue Corps, Provincial Department of Natural Resources)

　　12. Improve the effect of investigation and rectification. The investigation activities should involve professional organizations and personnel, and the government can purchase services where conditions permit. The municipal housing and urban-rural construction department shall establish an expert database for investigation and rectification, and make selection and dynamic adjustment from professionals such as design, construction and testing of universities and enterprises. County-level housing and urban-rural construction departments shall guide and urge the Township People’s governments and street offices to put forward written opinions to the person responsible for the safety of housing use in a timely manner if there are potential safety hazards in the houses found in the investigation and daily inspections; If it is found that there are obvious security risks that endanger public safety, it shall immediately take emergency measures and establish a ledger for investigation and rectification work until the hidden dangers of housing safety are eliminated. (Responsible unit: Provincial Department of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, Provincial Department of Finance)

　　13. The safety management responsibility of the person responsible for the use of compacted houses. According to the principle of "who owns the house is responsible, who uses it is responsible", the owner of residents’ self-built houses is the person responsible for the safety of housing use; If the owner of the house is inconsistent with the user of the house, the owner and the user of the house shall bear the responsibility for the safety of the use of the house in accordance with the agreement. If there is no agreement or the agreement is unclear, the owner of the house shall bear the responsibility for the safety of the use of the house; If the owner of the house is missing or the ownership of the house is unclear, the township people’s government and the street office shall make it clear that the user or manager of the house shall bear the responsibility for the safety of the use of the house. County-level natural resources, housing and urban-rural construction, market supervision, fire rescue, agriculture and rural areas and other departments should guide and urge the township people’s governments and sub-district offices under their jurisdiction to strengthen safety education and training on the site selection, planning, design, construction, use and operation of residents’ self-built houses, and implement the main responsibility of those responsible for housing use safety. Township people’s government, street offices to supervise and guide the use of housing safety responsible person in accordance with the planning purposes, design requirements for rational use, decoration of housing; Do not change the use function of the house, add stories or demolish the main load-bearing structure of the house without authorization; Conduct daily safety inspection, maintenance and repair of houses, and eliminate potential safety hazards in time; Ensure the fire safety of houses; Found that there are serious security risks, should promptly report to the village (neighborhood) committees, and take emergency measures such as suspending use, evacuating people, and setting warning signs; According to the written handling opinions put forward by the notice of danger relief,Take measures such as maintenance and reinforcement, immediate cessation of use, and demolition. (Responsible units: Provincial Department of Natural Resources, Provincial Department of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, Provincial Market Supervision Bureau, Provincial Fire and Rescue Corps, Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Provincial Department of Education, Provincial Public Security Department, Provincial Department of Commerce, Provincial Department of Culture and Tourism, Provincial Health and Wellness Committee, Provincial Emergency Department and Provincial Civil Affairs Department)

　　(five) to strengthen the supervision of law enforcement in the whole process of residents’ self-built houses.

　　14. Strictly implement the department’s law enforcement responsibilities. Self-built houses built by residents who have not obtained the construction project planning permit shall be handled by the urban management and comprehensive law enforcement departments of the people’s governments of cities and counties according to law. Residents who have not built their own houses in accordance with the provisions of the construction project planning permit shall be ordered by the competent department of urban and rural planning of the people’s government of the city or county to stop construction and handed over to the urban management and comprehensive law enforcement departments of the people’s government of the city or county for handling according to law. Residents who have not obtained the rural construction planning permit according to law or have not built their own houses in accordance with the provisions of the rural construction planning permit shall be dealt with by the township people’s government according to law. New construction, renovation (expansion) construction and reconstruction of self-built houses above the "quota" have handled the construction project planning permit or issued the rural construction planning permit, but failed to handle the procedures of construction drawing review, quality and safety supervision, construction permit, completion acceptance and filing according to law, which shall be handled by the county-level housing and urban-rural construction department. In the process of use, if the main load-bearing structure of the house is added or demolished without authorization, the residents’ self-built houses within the scope of the construction project planning permit shall be handled by the urban management and comprehensive law enforcement departments of the people’s governments of cities and counties, and the residents’ self-built houses within the scope of the rural construction planning permit shall be handled by the township people’s governments. Failing to entrust a housing safety appraisal agency to conduct safety appraisal according to law, residents’ self-built houses within the scope of handling construction project planning permits shall be handled by the county-level housing and urban-rural construction departments, and residents’ self-built houses within the scope of issuing rural construction planning permits shall be handled by the Township People’s Government. (Responsible unit: Provincial Department of Natural Resources and Provincial Department of Housing and Urban-Rural Development)

　　15 clear administrative licensing and administrative punishment delegated matters. The whole process of administrative law enforcement supervision shall be implemented for newly built, renovated (expanded), rebuilt and converted into self-built houses for business purposes. The Township People’s Government shall implement the relevant administrative penalties for the safety management of residents’ self-built houses in charge of the relevant competent departments of the people’s governments at the county level; According to the entrustment of the relevant competent departments of the people’s government at the county level, the relevant administrative license for the safety management of residents’ self-built houses shall be implemented. The relevant competent departments of the people’s governments at the county level may, according to the actual situation, entrust the street offices with the relevant administrative penalties and administrative licenses for the safety management of residents’ self-built houses. The relevant departments of the people’s government at the county level shall publish the list of matters entrusted by administrative licensing and administrative punishment before June 30, 2023. (Responsible units: Provincial Department of Natural Resources, Provincial Department of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, Provincial Market Supervision Bureau, Provincial Fire and Rescue Corps, Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Provincial Department of Education, Provincial Public Security Department, Provincial Department of Commerce, Provincial Department of Culture and Tourism, Provincial Health and Wellness Committee, Provincial Emergency Department and Provincial Civil Affairs Department)

　　16 highlight the key points of law enforcement of residents’ self-built houses. Strengthen law enforcement, standardize law enforcement procedures, and focus on strengthening law enforcement supervision over the following acts: construction and use without obtaining or in accordance with the approval, planning permission, construction permit and business license of land and homestead; Adding stories or demolishing the main load-bearing structure of the house without authorization during use; Failing to entrust a housing safety appraisal institution to conduct safety appraisal according to law; The safety appraisal institution issues a false appraisal report; Engaged in personnel-intensive business activities without obtaining the certificate of housing safety appraisal that conforms to the requirements of business format or the relevant certification materials for the completion acceptance after the renovation (expansion) and reconstruction according to the requirements of business format; Residents above the "quota" did not adopt fire separation measures according to relevant standards, the number of evacuation passages and safety exits was insufficient, and electric vehicles were not parked and charged according to relevant regulations. Improve the benchmark system of administrative penalty discretion, so as to enforce the law strictly and in a civilized way. (Responsible units: Provincial Department of Natural Resources, Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Provincial Department of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, Provincial Market Supervision Bureau, Provincial Fire and Rescue Corps, Provincial Department of Education, Provincial Public Security Department, Provincial Department of Commerce, Provincial Department of Culture and Tourism, Provincial Health and Wellness Committee, Provincial Emergency Department and Provincial Civil Affairs Department)

　　17. Give play to the role of reporting rewards and punishments and grassroots organizations. The people’s governments at the county level shall establish and improve the complaint, report and reward mechanism for acts endangering the safety of houses and dangerous houses, and publish the complaint and report methods, processing procedures and time limits. The specific reward methods and standards shall be formulated by the people’s governments at the city, state and county levels. Township people’s governments and sub-district offices shall guide and urge the village (neighborhood) committees to actively assist in the safety supervision and management of the construction and use of self-built houses by residents, and assist in the investigation and rectification; Incorporate the relevant provisions on the safe construction and use of residents’ self-built houses into the village regulations and residents’ conventions, promptly discourage illegal construction and other acts that endanger safety, and report to the township people’s government and sub-district offices.

　　(six) to strengthen the information management of residents’ self-built houses.

　　18 to establish a comprehensive management information system for residents’ self-built houses in the province. Adhere to the combination of long and short, prioritize, adopt the way of overall planning and phased construction, deeply integrate the data of investigation, approval and supervision of residents’ self-built houses in the province, establish a full-scale database of residents’ self-built houses in the province, integrate the business processes of relevant functional departments in the whole life cycle supervision of residents’ self-built houses, establish a one-yard house management system, and build a unified comprehensive management platform for residents’ self-built houses in the province to realize intelligent supervision of full-scale houses. (Responsible units: Provincial Department of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, Provincial Development and Reform Commission, Provincial Department of Finance, Provincial Department of Natural Resources, Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Provincial Market Supervision Bureau, Provincial Fire and Rescue Corps, Provincial Government Affairs Bureau, Provincial Education Department, Provincial Public Security Department, Provincial Department of Commerce, Provincial Department of Culture and Tourism, Provincial Health and Wellness Committee, Provincial Emergency Department and Provincial Civil Affairs Department)

　　19. Promote data collection and sharing exchange. Relying on the comprehensive management platform of residents’ self-built houses, timely collect the basic information of houses, hidden dangers investigation, rectification of sales numbers, construction approval, daily safety supervision, public services and other data, carry out big data analysis and application, and provide data sharing application services to governments at all levels and industry authorities through the government data sharing exchange platform. (Responsible units: Provincial Department of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, Provincial Department of Natural Resources, Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Provincial Market Supervision Bureau, Provincial Fire and Rescue Corps, Provincial Government Affairs Bureau, Provincial Education Department, Provincial Public Security Department, Provincial Department of Commerce, Provincial Department of Culture and Tourism, Provincial Health and Wellness Committee, Provincial Emergency Department, Provincial Civil Affairs Department, Provincial Government Services and Big Data Center)

　　20. Improve the public service system for residents to build their own houses. Relying on the comprehensive management platform of residents’ self-built houses, government portals and departmental government websites, timely release necessary management information such as residents’ self-built houses construction, safety early warning, renovation of dangerous houses, operation and use, provide service information such as building knowledge, policies and regulations, free atlas, and building craftsmen, and establish channels such as complaints and reports of violations of laws and regulations, self-inspection and reporting of potential safety hazards, information disclosure and information inquiry, so as to realize government leadership, property owners (users) subject, professional and technical support. (Responsible units: Provincial Department of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, Provincial Department of Natural Resources, Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Provincial Market Supervision Bureau, Provincial Fire and Rescue Corps, Provincial Government Affairs Bureau, Provincial Department of Education, Provincial Public Security Department, Provincial Department of Commerce, Provincial Department of Culture and Tourism, Provincial Health and Wellness Committee, Provincial Emergency Department and Provincial Civil Affairs Department)

　　Third, safeguard measures

　　(1) Strengthen organizational leadership. The provincial leading group for the special rectification of the safety of self-built houses is responsible for coordinating the safety management of self-built houses by residents in the province, further refining the tasks according to the needs, implementing the safety management responsibilities, and strengthening the supervision and guidance on the safety investigation and rectification of self-built houses by residents in the province; The office of the leading group (located in the Provincial Department of Housing and Urban-Rural Development) should strengthen the work tracking and scheduling, and cooperate with relevant provincial departments to do a good job in daily work. The people’s governments of cities, counties and urban areas should establish and improve the coordination and linkage mechanism for the safety management of residents’ self-built houses, establish a normal and long-term system for the safety investigation, review and spot check of residents’ self-built houses, clarify the institutions and personnel for the safety management of houses in cities and counties, and ensure the funds for safety management according to regulations; Township people’s governments and sub-district offices shall establish and improve the system of housing safety administrators and grid dynamic management, and carry out regular investigations.

　　(2) Compaction responsibility. All departments at all levels should follow the requirements of "three management and three necessities", implement the territorial responsibility and industry sector supervision responsibility of residents’ self-built housing safety management, and accelerate the formulation and implementation of supporting systems and measures in light of the main tasks specified in the "Several Provisions" and the requirements of this opinion. It is necessary to strengthen communication and coordination, cooperate closely, form a joint force, strengthen information sharing, data interconnection and departmental linkage law enforcement, and ensure that the whole process of safety management of residents’ self-built houses and the supervision of all links are not disjointed and absent.

　　(3) Strengthen supervision and inspection. The people’s governments of cities, prefectures, counties and cities and the relevant departments at the provincial level should list the implementation of the "Several Provisions" as a key task, incorporate the safety management of residents’ self-built houses into the special assessment of safety production of lower-level governments and relevant functional departments, strengthen daily supervision and assessment, and ensure full implementation. The clues about the violation of discipline and law by the relevant responsible personnel shall be transferred to the relevant authorities for handling according to the cadre management authority.

　　General Office of Hunan Provincial People’s Government

　　February 24, 2023

　　(This piece is made public voluntarily)

　　In 2023, frequent extreme weather and climate events once again left a deep impression on people. In China, sandstorms in the northwest, droughts in the southwest, extreme rainstorms in North China and typhoons in South China have all brought rare disasters in recent years. On a global scale, forest fires in Canada, alternating droughts and floods in the United States and India, high temperatures in Europe, and heavy casualties caused by hurricanes in the Mediterranean have also caused shocking consequences.

　　Reality warns people that the negative consequences of climate change are increasing with the rising temperature. At the end of November this year, world leaders will gather in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, to attend the 28th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP28). People hope that this meeting will achieve more results and create more favorable conditions for the global response to climate change. We should not only pay attention to the set ultimate goal, but also find feasible paths and effective ways to promote it.

　　On December 12, 2015, in order to cope with the increasingly serious climate change problem, nearly 200 parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change unanimously agreed to adopt TheParis Agreement at the Paris Climate Change Conference to make arrangements for global action to deal with climate change after 2020. At this year’s COP28 conference, all parties will conduct the first global inventory since the Paris Agreement.

　　On September 8th, the report on the inventory results released by the United Nations showed the progress made since the Paris Summit in 2015, and pointed out that compared with the prediction made in 2010 that the global temperature would rise by 3.7-4.8 degrees Celsius by the end of this century, the predicted temperature rise is now 2.4-2.6 degrees Celsius, but it still far exceeds the goal of controlling the temperature at 2 degrees Celsius and trying to control it within 1.5 degrees Celsius.

　　At the same time, the report clearly pointed out that all parties need to respond to climate change in an all-round way with higher ambition and a stronger sense of urgency. At present, global greenhouse gas emissions are still increasing, and to achieve the above goals, global greenhouse gas emissions need to be reduced by 43% compared with 2019 levels by 2030 and 60% by 2035.

　　On the occasion of the upcoming global climate conference, The Paper’s Critical Point combed the climate commitment actions of some major countries in the world. In response to climate change, our window of time and opportunity is shrinking rapidly.

　　United States of America

　　It has been six months since the United States resumed its contribution to the United Nations Green Climate Fund (GCF) and allocated a new $1 billion. Rich countries, including the United States, have not yet fulfilled their climate funding commitments, and developing countries are facing the fact that the speed at which funds are put in place is far behind the increasingly severe extreme weather and climate events.

　　According to British media reports, on October 21 this year, the negotiations on implementing the "loss and damage fund" first proposed at last year’s UN Climate Conference to help countries with fragile climate rebuild their homes reached an impasse. The United States and the European Union proposed that the World Bank should host the fund. However, questa, Chairman of the Group of 77, believes that the effectiveness of the World Bank’s decision-making is difficult to cope with the climate crisis. In addition, if the fund must operate within the legal structure of the World Bank, the wider sources of funds may be limited.

　　Not only is the operation of funds stagnant, but the amount of funds raised at present is still insufficient for the reconstruction of countries with fragile climate. According to American media reports on October 6, at the donor conference held in Bonn, Germany, developed countries promised to provide 9.3 billion US dollars to supplement green climate funds. However, NGOs believe that these funds are not enough to help countries with fragile climate to cope with climate change. It is worth noting that the United States is one of the few developed countries that have not provided new funds.

　　Nine years ago, the United States promised to provide $3 billion to the Green Climate Fund, but so far it has only injected $2 billion. Of the $11.4 billion pledged by US President Biden to developing countries, the country’s Congress only approved $1 billion. In fact, as early as the 15th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP15) held in Copenhagen in 2009, the United States and other rich countries promised to raise 100 billion dollars annually for climate action in developing countries by 2020. This goal was reaffirmed at COP21 in Paris and extended to 2025. According to reports, the current funding gap is as high as $17 billion per year.

　　Fossil fuel subsidies are still soaring, despite the delays in climate finance in rich countries. According to the global regulatory organization Energy Policy Tracker, the public funds flowing to fossil fuels in G20 countries will reach a record $1.4 trillion, more than double the amount before the COVID-19 outbreak in 2019.

　　Restricted by domestic social contradictions and inflation, it is difficult to cancel fossil fuel subsidies in the United States. In the United States, the Supreme Court, which has been dominated by the Republican Party for a long time, keeps opening the floodgates of money politics for the wealthy class. The accumulated polarization between the rich and the poor has laid the groundwork for the social phenomenon that high oil prices are often accompanied by a decline in the support rate of presidential polls. On the other hand, unlike other countries, subsidies in the United States are mainly tax relief for fossil fuel companies, that is, by providing credit and expense deduction to energy producers to reduce production costs.

　　Saudi Arabia

　　Under the pressure of decarbonization, Saudi Arabia, the world’s largest crude oil exporter, launched a comprehensive action to deal with climate change and reduce carbon emissions in 2021 to reduce domestic carbon emissions, including achieving "net zero" greenhouse gas emissions by 2060, planting 50 billion trees in the Middle East in the next few decades, and launching a $10.4 billion clean energy project for the region.

　　However, according to the Financial Times reported on July 23rd, several countries, led by Saudi Arabia, tried their best to stop G20′ s call to reduce the use of fossil fuels. At the same time, Reuters reported that Saudi Arabia and other countries opposed G20′ s proposal to triple renewable energy production capacity by 2030. Saudi Aramco announced in 2021 that it plans to increase crude oil production from 12 million barrels per day to 13 million barrels per day by 2027. According to Agence France-Presse, the total profit announced by Saudi Aramco in 2022 reached a record $161.1 billion.

　　Reduce the burning of fossil fuels at home, so that Saudi Arabia can free up more oil to sell abroad. In this regard, Saudi Arabia attempts to explain the rationality of this contradiction by implementing the "circular carbon economy" plan, which envisages continuing to exploit fossil fuels and adopting new technologies to capture, store or sell carbon emissions. At the same time, according to media reports, Saudi Arabia and other traditional fossil energy countries believe that it is unrealistic to tighten the "faucet" of fossil fuels immediately, and hydrocarbons such as oil, natural gas and coal will continue to become an important part of the global energy structure in the next few decades.

　　Saudi Arabia regards tackling climate change as a long challenge, but the International Energy Agency (IEA) released a report in May 2021, saying that if the world wants to achieve zero carbon emissions by 2050, governments and enterprises of all countries must immediately stop investing in new oil and gas projects. The unresolved issue is also the "carbon capture" technology promoted by Saudi Arabia — — The effectiveness of this technology has not been proved, and the cost of applying it to large-scale mining is too high.

　　"It is believed that the economy based on the exploitation and combustion of fossil fuels can be ‘ Loop ’ The idea is absurd, and the only way it works is to rely on technologies that don’t exist yet. " Matthew Archer, a researcher at the Geneva Institute, said in an interview with the media, "These measures … are full of ambitious and ambiguous language, with few specific plans and no accountability mechanism."

　　Japan

　　Coincidentally, Japan’s climate solution is also questioned. According to local media reports, on September 29th, Japan hosted the 3rd International Fuel Ammonia Conference, which focused on the theme of decarbonization of supply chain and shipping industry. This meeting is a sign of Japan’s commitment to a climate solution, but some experts believe that the solution may not meet the world timetable that urgently needs to reduce carbon emissions.

　　Consistent with all countries, Japan urgently needs to decarbonize the energy sector. At present, Japan plans to reduce the energy share of coal to 19% by 2030. At the meeting, the government and major industries described the vision of using ammonia (a gas composed of nitrogen and hydrogen) on a large scale in the foreseeable future, that is, reducing carbon dioxide emissions from coal-fired power plants by replacing fossil fuels with ammonia. Because ammonia combustion will not emit carbon dioxide, and the co-combustion equipment of existing coal-fired power plants in Japan does not need major transformation.

　　From a technical point of view, it seems feasible to burn ammonia to generate electricity. "Japan Times" reported on October 22nd that JERA, Japan’s largest power company, is testing the 20:80 ammonia-coal co-combustion ratio at Binan Thermal Power Station in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. It is reported that JERA’s goal is to gradually increase the proportion of ammonia-coal mixed combustion and realize 100% ammonia combustion by 2050.

　　However, with the government and enterprises eager to establish an ammonia fuel supply chain on a global scale, experts began to question the feasibility of ammonia as a decarbonization solution in Japan. Although ammonia will not emit carbon dioxide when it is fully burned, fossil fuel is an essential raw material for ammonia production.

　　In this regard, many Japanese power companies, including Mitsui & Co., Ltd., are exploring a new mode of ammonia production, that is, using fossil fuels to produce ammonia, and at the same time capturing 80%-90% of carbon emissions through CCS technology. Considering the high price and poor performance of CCS technology at present, some ongoing ammonia synthesis projects focus on developing technologies to produce ammonia through renewable energy. However, Motoichi Kato, deputy secretary-general of Japan Clean Fuel Ammonia Association (CFAA), told the media that all ammonia imported from Japan is still produced by traditional production methods, and the new ammonia production technology has not yet covered the whole world.

　　In addition to concerns about carbon emissions caused by ammonia production procedures, experts also said that producing such a large amount of ammonia may pollute the air and water quality. According to the Japan Times, Japan is expected to need 3 million tons of ammonia by 2030 and 30 million tons by 2050. Climate Integrate, an independent climate policy think tank in Japan, warned that fixing nitrogen from the atmosphere to produce ammonia may further disrupt the balance of the global nitrogen cycle. In addition, the increase of nitrogen will lead to eutrophication of marine ecosystem, as well as air pollution and groundwater pollution.

　　South Korea

　　Compared with the above countries, South Korea has not performed well in dealing with climate change in recent years. According to the report updated by Climate Action Tracker on July 17, 2023, the overall rating of South Korea’s actions to deal with climate change is classified as "seriously inadequate". Furthermore, South Korea’s climate policy and energy sector planning still lack the necessary speed and rigor, and can not embark on the road that conforms to the temperature limit of 1.5°C in the Paris Agreement.

　　After the change of government in South Korea in 2022, the country’s climate policy changed, deviating from the 100% renewable energy target previously set by the government. The new president Yin Xiyue publicly stated that the target was "too expensive". According to media reports, on March 21st this year, South Korea announced that it would lower the greenhouse gas emission target of the industrial sector in 2030. According to the plan, the Korean industrial sector is required to reduce carbon emissions by 11.4% compared with 2018 levels by 2030, while the emission reduction target set by the end of 2021 is 14.5%.

　　According to the plan, the carbon emission gap caused by the adjustment will be made up by increasing emission reduction overseas and replacing traditional energy with more renewable energy. However, given that South Korea has reneged on its climate commitments, the way to make up for the plan is still in doubt. According to the Climate Action Tracking Agency, in April 2021, South Korea announced at the leaders’ climate summit hosted by the United States that it would immediately stop providing financing for overseas coal projects. Just one month later, it announced the exception of renovation and approval of related projects.

　　On the other hand, Yin Xiyue decided to revive the nuclear power plan, overturning the previous president’s reform of phasing out nuclear power. It is reported that the Korean government promulgated the tenth power plan in January 2023, aiming at using nuclear energy to realize national decarbonization. Contrary to the original goal of limiting the proportion of nuclear energy to 30% by 2030, the latest goal is to increase the proportion of nuclear energy use to 34.6%.

　　In January 2012, South Korea promulgated the Renewable Energy Portfolio Standard (RPS). According to the International Energy Agency, the plan aims to expand the use of renewable energy and make it a promising market competitor. To this end, the 13 largest Korean power companies are required to increase the use of renewable energy to 14.5% and 17% in 2023 and 2024 respectively, and to reach 25% after 2026. However, according to Yonhap News Agency’s report on January 13th, 2023, the South Korean government lowered the RPS target for this year and next to 13% and 13.5% respectively, and the final goal was postponed until after 2030.

　　Canada

　　Countries that have failed to say what they must do in climate action include Canada. According to the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC), since 1990, the country has formulated nine climate plans, but failed to achieve the goals.

　　Even though Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau released a comprehensive emission reduction plan for 2030 on March 29th, 2022, listing a series of actions that the country will take to reduce climate pollution to 40% to 45% lower than the 2005 level by the end of this century, the plan still has many defects.

　　For example, the plan does not provide enough funds to help automobile suppliers increase the sales of electric vehicles according to the government’s goals. Secondly, there are criticisms that the goal is to reduce the climate pollution of the energy industry without limiting production, which will require fossil fuel companies to make great improvements in carbon capture technology.

　　In addition, a report on April 24th said that a recent study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences showed that the Canadian government and enterprises seriously underestimated the current domestic carbon emissions.

　　Britain

　　Backward climate action may also affect the activity of other countries in the field of climate governance. According to media reports on September 20th, British Prime Minister Sunak may dilute Britain’s plan to deal with climate change, including postponing the ban on the sale of new gasoline and diesel vehicles originally scheduled to take effect in 2030, greatly weakening the plan to phase out gas boilers by 2035, and not updating the energy efficiency regulations for housing construction.

　　Sunak said that he is still committed to the legally binding goal of achieving net zero emissions by 2050. At the same time, he also said that Britain can slow down its progress in achieving this goal because Britain is "far ahead of all other countries in the world." However, considering the national election in 2024, Reuters in the United Kingdom believes that Sunak leaked the news of reducing the green policy in order to gain the support of voters who are troubled by high inflation and stagnant economic growth.

　　Britain is the first country to set a legally binding "net zero" goal in 2050. Since 1990, with the closure of coal-fired power plants and the rise of offshore wind power, the country’s carbon emissions have dropped by nearly 50%. However, according to media reports on September 21st, the British government’s independent climate adviser said that Britain still has some shortcomings in achieving its climate goals, and diluting its plan to deal with climate change may further weaken its ability to fulfill its legal commitments.

[US stock index]

On Wednesday, November 13th, US Eastern Time, the three major US stock indexes were mixed, among which the S&P 500 index rose 0.02% to 5985.38 points. The Dow Jones index rose 0.11% to 43,958.19 points; The Nasdaq index fell 0.26% to 19,230.72.

American debt

On November 13th, the benchmark 10-year US bond yield was 4.44%, and the 2-year US bond yield, which is most sensitive to the Fed’s policy interest rate, was 4.27%.

[Hot American stocks]

Among popular US stocks, NVIDIA fell 1.36%, Apple rose 0.40%, Microsoft rose 0.51%, Amazon rose 2.48%, Google C fell 1.54%, Google A fell 1.51%, Meta fell 0.82%, Tesla rose 0.53%, TSMC fell 2.63%, AMD fell 3.02% and Intel rose 3.15.

[global index]

[China index]

On November 12th, overnight Hang Seng Technology Index futures fell by 4.04%, Nasdaq China Jinlong Index fell by 4.45%, and FTSE China A50 Index fell by 1.06%.

[China Stock Exchange]

In terms of popular Chinese stocks, Tencent Holdings (Hong Kong stocks) rose 0.00%, Alibaba rose 0.23%, Pinduoduo fell 0.34%, Netease fell 2.79%, Ctrip fell 3.03%, Baidu fell 0.40%, LI fell 1.15%, Xpeng Motors fell 2.16% and Weilai rose 0.87%.

[foreign exchange commodities]

[Global News]

The probability that the Fed will cut interest rates by 25 basis points in December rises to 82.5%.

According to CME’s "Fed Watch", the probability that the Fed will keep the current interest rate unchanged by December is 17.5%, and the cumulative probability of cutting interest rates by 25 basis points is 82.5%. The probability of keeping the current interest rate unchanged by January next year is 11.9%, the probability of cutting interest rates by 25 basis points is 61.7%, and the probability of cutting interest rates by 50 basis points is 26.5%.

OpenAI shares AI data center construction plan with US government, calling for expanding energy capacity.

OpenAI has shared information with US government officials about how to build an artificial intelligence (AI) data center, which is expected to consume 5 GW of electricity (which will be five times larger than the data center that the company is currently developing). This idea seems to be similar to Stargate, which is the code name of a $100 billion supercomputing data center that OpenAI discussed with its main supporter Microsoft. (Cailian)

Federal Reserve Moussalem: The market currently believes that the Fed may not cut interest rates significantly.

Federal Reserve Moussalem said that it is still too hasty to include Trump’s ruling prospect in December. As bond yields rise, the market also feels higher inflation risks, and there are signs that the market currently believes that the Fed may not cut interest rates significantly.

Federal Reserve Moussalem: There may be room for the policy to gradually relax to neutral interest rates.

Federal Reserve Moussalem said that there may be room for the policy to gradually relax to neutral interest rates, and there may be stronger data (at work) behind the rise in the term premium of national debt. Data since the last policy meeting show that the economy may be much stronger than expected. The inflation data is also strong, but it has not changed the view that the policy is developing in a neutral direction. The latest consumer price index data is "in line with expectations", but I hope to see the data continue to decline on a three-month basis. It is too hasty to include the prospect of Trump’s administration in December. Economic activity and data have become stronger, bringing the risk of inflation rebound.

Federal Reserve Moussalem: It is estimated that the inflation rate will approach 2% in 12-24 months.

Federal Reserve Moussalem said that the inflation rate is expected to approach 2% in 12-24 months; Monetary policy is in a tight state, but the overall financial environment is supportive of economic activities.

NVIDIA plans to cooperate with leading Japanese cloud computing companies such as GMO Internet Group and SAKURA Internet.

NVIDIA plans to develop a national AI infrastructure network by cooperating with leading Japanese cloud computing enterprises such as GMO Internet Group and SAKURA Internet. (Cailian)

Federal Reserve Musalem: In the case of inflation rate higher than 2%, monetary policy will remain "moderately tight"

Federal Reserve Musalem said that monetary policy will remain "moderately tight" when the inflation rate is higher than 2%. If inflation continues to fall, it is appropriate to cut interest rates further. The labor market is still in the range of full employment, and the strong economy is expected to achieve a "steady" performance in the fourth quarter. The economic growth in the United States is extensive, mainly driven by consumption, income growth, productivity, supportive financial conditions and wealth effects.

After the latest US CPI data is released, Citigroup still expects the Federal Reserve to cut interest rates by 50 basis points in December.

After the US CPI report in October met expectations and inflationary pressure generally eased, Citigroup economists still believe that the Fed will cut interest rates by 50 basis points in December. "Although the details are still unstable and not so’ normal’, the easing of salary pressure, the decline of short-term inflation expectations, and the continued pressure of high interest rates on housing demand and prices should reassure Fed officials about the slowdown in inflation," Veronica Clark and Andrew Hollenhorst wrote in a report on Wednesday. Citigroup’s basic forecast is still to cut interest rates by 50 basis points in December.

Meta Platforms will launch advertisements on short video platform Threads in early 2025.

Meta Platforms will launch advertisements on short video platform Threads in early 2025.

Google CEO: The first intercontinental submarine cable connecting the Asia-Pacific region with South America and Australia with Africa is under construction.

Google CEO said that the first intercontinental submarine cable connecting the Asia-Pacific region with South America and Australia with Africa is being built.

　　Since China’s accession to the WTO (hereinafter referred to as WTO), China has fully fulfilled its commitment to tariff concessions, scientifically and finely adjusted the tariff rate, tax items and special preferential tax policies within the scope of WTO rules, effectively exerted the macro-control function of tariffs, and gradually established a relatively complete tariff system that adapts to the domestic and international economic development trends.

　　(oneThe tariff policy system is improving day by day. First, the tariff level has been greatly reduced. from1992Since the end of the year, China has started a substantial process of independent tax reduction.2001Before China’s entry into WTO in, the general tariff level was changed from43.2%Drop to15.3%, a drop of up to65%.2001Since, China has reduced import tariffs year by year in accordance with its WTO commitments, up to2010In, the commitment of tax reduction after China’s entry into WTO has been fully fulfilled, and the overall tariff level has changed from that before China’s entry into WTO.15.3%Further reduce to9.8%, a drop of up to36%. Among them, the average tax rate of agricultural products is from pre-WTO18.8%Drop to15.2%The average tax rate of industrial products is from before China’s entry into WTO14.7%Drop to8.9%. Compared with the tariff rates promised by member countries to the WTO, China’s overall tariff level is higher than that of the EU (5.3%), the United States (3.5%) and other major developed countries, but significantly lower than India (48.5%), Indonesia (37.1%), Mexico (36.1%) Brazil (31.4%), Argentina (31.9%) and South Africa (19%) and most other developing countries, less than the average tariff rate of countries around the world (40%) of1/4. Among them,15.2%The average tax rate of agricultural products is not only lower than that of most developing countries, but also significantly lower than that of Norway (130.9%), Switzerland (48%) and Japan (22.2%) and other developed countries, about the average tax rate of agricultural products in the world (57.6%) of1/4;8.9%The average tax rate of industrial products is lower than that of most developing countries and less than the average tax rate of industrial products in the world (thirty percent) of1/3. Compared with the actual level of tariff burden, China is even lower. According to WTO statistics,2009The ratio of China’s tariff revenue to total imports in was only1.8%, not only lower than most developing countries such as India, Argentina and Egypt, but also lower than developed countries such as Australia and New Zealand, and similar to developed countries such as Japan and the United States.

　　The second isThe tariff items are further refined.1992In, China began to set up tariff items based on the Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System of the World Customs Organization. According to the international practice, the tariff items were set aseightBit encoding, and respectively in the1996Years,2002Nianhe2007In, the Harmonized System with the World Customs Organization was revised synchronously, and the pace of revision was consistent with that of developed countries and faster than that of most developing countries. At the same time, according to the needs of customs supervision and the rapid development of science and technology, some products, new technology products and commodities subject to import and export management measures unique to China have been added.eight hundredMultiple national subheadings,eightNumber of tax items by2001Annual7111Gradually increase2011Annual7977A.

　　The third isThe tariff structure has been continuously optimized. In recent years, while the overall level of tariffs has gradually declined, the structure of China’s tariff rate has been continuously optimized. The import tariffs on primary products such as energy, resources and raw materials have been greatly reduced, and the import tariffs on intermediate products such as some key parts and important mechanical and electrical equipment have been selectively reduced. Take gasoline and diesel oil as an example, the import tariff has changed from before China’s entry into WTO.1996Annual9%Down to the current implementation1%and0%. At present, the tax rate of imported energy and resource products in China generally does not exceed5%Among them, key commodities such as crude oil, coal and iron ore have been subject to zero tariffs. The import tariffs on consumer goods have been greatly reduced. Such as automobile import tariffs by1996Annual100%-120%Fall to the present25%, the decline is nearly80%In the past ten years, the tax reduction process of developed countries has been completed for 50 or 60 years, while the automobile tariffs of India and Brazil, both BRICS countries, are as high as.57%and35%. At present, China’s tariff rate on imported cosmetics, clothing, bags, shoes, hats, watches and other consumer goods is at a medium-low level internationally. Louis Vuitton made in France (LV) handbags, for example, China’s import tariffs are10%South Korea and India are respectively8%and10%, the United States and Japan are9%and12%The tariffs imposed by Brazil and South Africa arethirty percent. After more than ten years of adjustment, the average tax rates of primary products, intermediate products and finished products in China are about5.9%、6.7%and10.6%, and1996Three kinds of products in9.7%、16%and26.2%Compared with the tax rate, not only the tax rate is greatly reduced, but also the structure is obviously improved, which basically realizes the transformation from "high level and narrow tax base" to "low level and wide tax base" and forms a more reasonable tax rate structure.

　　(2) The role of tariff control has been effectively exerted. First, adjust the provisional import tax rate and optimize the structure of imported goods. In recent years, China has made centralized adjustments to import tariffs every year in the form of provisional tax rates, focusing on reducing the import tax rates of important energy resources products, agricultural means of production, basic industrial raw materials, advanced technical equipment and key parts, and some commodities closely related to people’s daily lives, and expanding the scope of commodities involved year by year.2011At the beginning of the year660A number of commodities are subject to provisional import tax rates, and the average tax rate is lower than5%Compared with the most-favored-nation tax rate, the preferential margin reaches50%Above. Since then, according to the changes in macroeconomic operation, since2011yearsevenmoononeSince June, it has further reduced some energy raw materials such as refined oil, non-ferrous metal raw materials and textile raw materials, as well as some disaster relief items and daily commodities.33The import tariff of a commodity, the preferential margin reached.50%. The implementation of the provisional import tax rate has effectively promoted the import of related commodities and the development of upstream and downstream industries, and played an important role in meeting the needs of economic and social development. On the one hand, the import of energy, resources, raw materials and other primary products located in the upstream of the industrial chain has continued to grow rapidly, and its proportion has been continuously improved, which has strongly supported domestic industrial production and economic construction; On the other hand, the imports of consumer goods located in the lower reaches of the industrial chain have also maintained steady growth, which has played a positive role in enriching domestic market supply and promoting domestic consumption growth. According to the statistics of customs trade,2011In, China imported primary products and consumer goods respectively.6043.8Billion dollars and1059.1Billion US dollars, a year-on-year increase.39.3%and34.5%, both higher than24.9%The overall increase of imports, accounting for the total import34.7%and6.1%The proportion has increased year on year.3.7and0.5Percentage points.

　　The second isConstantly enrich tax collection methods and effectively play the role of tariff leverage. The method of taxation is becoming more and more complete. At present, in addition to ad valorem tax, China also applies sliding duties to imported cotton beyond quota, selective tax to imported natural rubber, compound tax to imported electronic video recording equipment, specific tax to imported photosensitive materials and seasonal tax to exported chemical fertilizers. Different tax methods are adopted according to the characteristics of different commodities, which not only fully considers the interests of many parties, takes care of the relationship between upstream and downstream industries, but also comprehensively balances the relationship between supply and demand, and has received good regulatory effects. At the same time, the leverage of tariffs is effectively exerted. In recent years, according to the changes in the international and domestic economic situation and other regulatory measures introduced by the state, we have effectively responded by adjusting import and export tariffs in a timely manner.2007The price of raw materials in the international market rose in,2008The price of grain products in domestic and foreign markets rose in,2009Foreign trade fell sharply in,2010International commodity prices rose in,2011The complicated situation, such as excessive annual price increase, has effectively ensured that the domestic market supply and the overall price level are basically stable.

　　The third isImplement special preferential tariff policies to promote scientific development. In recent years, by formulating preferential tax policies on tariffs and import links, we have vigorously supported industrial transformation and upgrading and independent innovation of enterprises, effectively cooperating with the implementation of national development plans such as ten key industries, strategic emerging industries and major scientific and technological projects. At the same time, the orientation of tariff policy is further tilted towards public utilities such as science, education, health, culture and public welfare, supporting the improvement of people’s livelihood. such as2008The preferential tax policy for import of major technical equipment, implemented since, exempts key parts and raw materials imported by domestic enterprises for R&D and production of major technical equipment from customs duties and import value-added tax, and cancels the corresponding tax-free policy for import of complete machines and complete sets of equipment. With the support of this policy, domestic200A number of equipment manufacturing enterprises have developed a number of products with independent intellectual property rights and core technologies by introducing technology to digest, absorb and innovate, and achieved leap-forward development.

　　The next step is to strengthen the preliminary thinking of tariff system construction: First, pay more attention to the scientific and planning adjustment of tariff rate and tax items, and change from reactive and temporary adjustment to active and forward-looking adjustment, forming an efficient, scientific and strict policy adjustment mechanism. Second, pay more attention to the construction of tariff policy system, further strengthen and improve the role of tariff leverage, and change from studying and introducing individual policies to strengthening policy coordination and policy convergence, so that tariff policies and other regulatory measures can form a joint force and enhance the regulatory effect. Third, pay more attention to the performance evaluation of tariff policy, from paying attention to policy design to paying attention to the evaluation of policy implementation effect, optimize the evaluation model and improve the evaluation method. In addition, the Ministry of Finance will actively and steadily promote various multilateral and bilateral tariff negotiations in accordance with the principle of mutual benefit and win-win, and change from designing a single negotiation plan to making a master plan and formulating a standardized negotiation plan.

In the beautiful Xishuangbanna Prefecture of Yunnan, there is a young Chongqing native who manages a large banana plantation with an area of more than 3,000 mu alone. He is Cen, the general manager of Dongting Agricultural Development Co., Ltd. in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, and the famous "banana king" born in 1980s.

Carrying 500 yuan into the world

"The world is so big, don’t walk around and see more, how do you know what career is best for you?" Cen was born in Hechuan rural area. After finishing high school there in 2006, he went to Foshan, Guangdong, alone with the only cash from 500 yuan, and started a dream-seeking journey.

In a small electrical appliance factory in Foshan, he found a job in product quality control, with a monthly salary less than that of 1000 yuan. Because of his hard work, Cen was promoted to department head one year later, and his monthly salary rose to 3,000 yuan. Working part-time is not easy, and overtime is a common occurrence, especially in the peak sales season, when Cen works more than 15 hours a day. With the passage of time, the idea of "starting your own business" became stronger and stronger in his heart. At the end of 2007, Cen resigned and returned to Chongqing.

2008 is a turning point for Cen. This year, he came to Xishuangbanna, Yunnan with his family to develop banana planting. "The land here is relatively wide, and bananas are suitable for planting here." Cen said that his relatives also planted bananas in Xishuangbanna at that time.

The barren hills turned into banana forests.

When he first arrived in Xishuangbanna, Cen did all kinds of odd jobs in his own 200-acre banana garden, weeding and fertilizing himself, and sunburn and sprained feet never happened less. A year later, watching the original barren hillside turn into a banana forest, and calculating that every input from 1 yuan will turn into the output from 2.5 yuan, Cen felt that all the previous efforts were worthwhile.

Cen attaches great importance to adopting the latest planting techniques, and at the same time, she is particularly hard-working, and she has to drill into the banana forest for inspection almost every day. It takes at least half a day to patrol the 200-acre banana garden. Slowly, Cen developed a pair of "critical eyes" and could see all kinds of pests and diseases at a glance. "Like heartworms, thistles, filariasis, etc., once they appear, they must be dealt with in time." Cen said.

At the beginning of 2010, Guangxi, Hainan and other major banana producing areas had bumper harvests, which made Yunnan bananas, which had not been sold in previous years, encounter the dilemma of "nobody cares". Looking at the bananas that had already hung in the ground, Cen was puzzled. "At that time, my head was big. Later, I remembered that a friend at home wholesaled bananas in Panxi Market in Chongqing, so I called him."

"You can take bananas to Panxi and sell them yourself." Cen was moved by a friend’s suggestion. He immediately rented a truck and personally transported more than 20 tons of bananas to Chongqing Panxi Fruit Wholesale Market, which was sold out in less than one day. Through this sale, Cen has also established contact with many merchants, and the products have opened up a market.

Get rich and never forget your hometown

Young Cen also has a strong interest in e-commerce platform. He is trying to make good use of the Internet, a brand-new sales channel, to be a "banana e-commerce" in the new era, and at the same time to build his own official website to fully promote his banana garden.

Cen said that when he was in a foreign land, he often missed home and all kinds of delicious food in his hometown: "Peach slices, meat slices and spicy hot pot in Hechuan always make his mouth water. Every time my family comes to Yunnan, I always want them to bring as many Chongqing specialties as possible … "

Today, enterprises in Cen are among the best in Xishuangbanna, with a planting area of more than 3,000 mu and an annual income of more than 30 million yuan. In April this year, Cen built a restaurant in the center of Hechuan District, his hometown, which can accommodate 180 guests at the same time. This restaurant has nearly 100 employees, more than 90% of whom are Hechuan locals. "I have been homesick for so many years, which is also a little contribution to Hechuan." Cen said.

Order of Beijing Municipal People’s Government

No.307

　　The Measures for the Administration of Earthquake Early Warning in Beijing have been adopted at the 185th executive meeting of the Municipal People’s Government on December 6, 2022, and are hereby promulgated and shall come into force as of March 1, 2023.

Acting Mayor Yin Yong　　　　

December 19, 2022　　

Administrative Measures of Beijing Municipality on Earthquake Early Warning

catalogue

　　Chapter I General Provisions

　　Chapter II Planning and Construction of Earthquake Early Warning System

　　Chapter III Release of Earthquake Early Warning Information and Emergency Disposal

　　Chapter IV Regional Cooperation

　　Chapter V Legal Liability

　　Chapter VI Supplementary Provisions

Chapter I General Provisions

　　the first In order to standardize earthquake early warning activities, effectively play the role of earthquake early warning, defend and mitigate earthquake disasters, serve to safeguard the functions of the capital, and protect the safety of people’s lives and property, these measures are formulated in accordance with the People’s Republic of China (PRC) Earthquake Prevention and Disaster Mitigation Law, the People’s Republic of China (PRC) Emergency Response Law, the Regulations on Earthquake Monitoring and Management, and the Provisions on the Implementation of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) Earthquake Prevention and Disaster Mitigation Law in Beijing, combined with the actual situation of this Municipality.

　　the second These Measures shall apply to the planning and construction of earthquake early warning system, the release of earthquake early warning information, emergency response and other activities within the administrative area of this Municipality and their supervision and management.

　　The term "earthquake early warning" as mentioned in these Measures refers to the act of automatically and quickly generating early warning information through the earthquake early warning system after the earthquake, and using the characteristics that the propagation speed of electromagnetic waves is greater than that of seismic waves to give an early warning to areas that may be damaged and affected by the earthquake.

　　Article The earthquake early warning work follows the principles of government leading, regional cooperation, departmental linkage and social participation, and implements the working mechanism of unified planning, unified management and unified release under the guidance of the competent department of earthquake work of the people’s government at the next higher level.

　　Article 4 The municipal and district people’s governments strengthen the management and guarantee of earthquake early warning, coordinate and solve major problems of earthquake early warning, and incorporate the funds needed for earthquake early warning into the fiscal budget at the corresponding level.

　　The municipal earthquake department shall co-ordinate the city’s earthquake early warning work, and be responsible for the planning, construction, supervision and management of earthquake early warning system.

　　The competent department of earthquake work in the district is responsible for the supervision and management of earthquake early warning within its administrative area, and assists the municipal earthquake department in promoting the construction of earthquake early warning system.

　　Development and reform, education, science and technology, public security, planning of natural resources, urban and rural housing construction, urban management, transportation, water, culture and tourism, health, emergency management, radio and television, communication management and other relevant departments shall, according to their respective responsibilities, do a good job in earthquake early warning.

　　Article 5 This Municipality encourages and supports social forces to participate in the construction and use of earthquake early warning system according to law, as well as scientific and technological innovation, product development and application of achievements related to earthquake early warning.

Chapter II Planning and Construction of Earthquake Early Warning System

　　Article 6 The municipal earthquake department shall, according to the national earthquake early warning system construction plan, organize the preparation of the city’s earthquake early warning system construction plan, and incorporate it into the city’s earthquake prevention and disaster reduction plan.

　　The planning for the construction of this Municipality’s earthquake early warning system should be combined with the characteristics of this Municipality’s earthquake risk and the demand for earthquake risk prevention, so as to improve the earthquake disaster prevention capability of key earthquake risk areas, important security areas, key protected buildings, earthquake risk-prone places and projects that may cause serious secondary disasters.

　　Article 7 The municipal earthquake department is responsible for organizing the construction of a unified earthquake early warning system in the city according to the plan, including monitoring system, data transmission system, data processing system and information release system. The competent department of seismic work in the district shall assist in relevant work.

　　The design, construction and instrument access of earthquake early warning system shall conform to relevant standards and technical requirements.

　　To build an earthquake early warning system, existing resources should be fully utilized and integrated to avoid repeated construction.

　　Article 8 Major construction projects such as high-speed railways, urban rail transit, electric power control centers, oil and gas pipelines (stations), petrochemicals, communications, coal mines, large reservoirs, and other projects that may cause serious secondary disasters can build special earthquake early warning and monitoring systems according to needs and report them to the municipal earthquake department for the record. Those that meet the relevant technical requirements can be incorporated into the unified earthquake early warning system of the whole city to realize information sharing.

　　Article 9 Schools, hospitals, railway stations, airports, stadiums and other public places, public transport and other crowded places, as well as high-speed railways, urban rail transit, nuclear facilities projects, large reservoirs, large and medium-sized dangerous goods production and storage facilities and other projects that may cause serious secondary disasters, their business units or management units shall install special earthquake early warning information receiving and broadcasting devices, and formulate emergency response plans for earthquake early warning. The municipal earthquake department and the competent department of seismic work in the district shall give guidance, strengthen supervision and inspection, and promptly correct the problems found.

　　Encourage other units and places to install special earthquake warning information receiving and broadcasting devices.

　　Article 10 The operation and maintenance of the earthquake early warning system in this Municipality shall follow the principle of who builds and who is responsible.

　　The municipal earthquake department and the competent department of earthquake work in the district shall strengthen the protection of the facilities of earthquake early warning system and the environment for earthquake observation. If any damage or damage is found, it shall promptly organize the repair.

　　Units that build special earthquake early warning and monitoring systems and install special information receiving and broadcasting devices shall strengthen daily maintenance and management to ensure normal use.

　　No unit or individual may occupy, damage or dismantle or move the facilities of earthquake early warning system without authorization.

Chapter III Release of Earthquake Early Warning Information and Emergency Disposal

　　Article 11 The municipal earthquake department automatically and uniformly issues earthquake early warning information to all kinds of receiving devices in the area where the estimated earthquake intensity reaches the release conditions through the earthquake early warning information release system.

　　Any other unit or individual shall not release earthquake warning information without authorization, and shall not fabricate and disseminate false earthquake warning information.

　　Article 12 Earthquake early warning information should include earthquake occurrence time, earthquake epicenter, magnitude, arrival time of seismic waves, estimated earthquake intensity and so on.

　　Article 13 Radio, television, Internet and other media and communication operators shall establish an automatic broadcasting mechanism to automatically broadcast earthquake warning information to the public free of charge after receiving the warning information. Municipal earthquake and other relevant departments shall guide them to establish and improve the automatic broadcasting mechanism of earthquake early warning information.

　　Article 14 After receiving the earthquake early warning information, the municipal and district people’s governments and their relevant departments shall, in accordance with the earthquake emergency plan, do a good job in earthquake emergency response in time according to law.

　　In crowded places and projects that may cause serious secondary disasters, after receiving the earthquake early warning information, the business unit or management unit shall immediately take corresponding risk-avoidance measures in accordance with the formulated earthquake early warning emergency response plan.

　　Article 15 Organs, organizations, enterprises, institutions and other units should carry out publicity and education on earthquake early warning knowledge and necessary emergency drills in light of their respective realities.

　　Radio, television, newspapers, the Internet and other media should carry out public welfare publicity activities on earthquake early warning knowledge.

　　The municipal earthquake department and the competent department of district earthquake work shall publicize and popularize the knowledge of earthquake early warning to the public, and guide, assist and urge the relevant units to do a good job in the publicity and education of earthquake early warning knowledge and earthquake emergency drills.

Chapter IV Regional Cooperation

　　Article 16 Under the national earthquake early warning mechanism, this Municipality has established a cooperative earthquake early warning mechanism with Tianjin and Hebei Province, and strengthened exchanges and cooperation in earthquake early warning.

　　Article 17 The city and Tianjin, Hebei Province unified earthquake early warning information sources and earthquake early warning information release threshold, release content.

　　Article 18 The municipal seismological department and the competent departments of earthquake work in Tianjin and Hebei jointly promote the construction of a regional earthquake monitoring and early warning platform, establish an earthquake early warning data and information sharing mechanism, realize mutual backup and mutual service of earthquake early warning information, and enhance the regional earthquake early warning capability.

　　Article 19 The municipal seismological department and the competent departments of earthquake work in Tianjin and Hebei jointly promote the popularization and application of new earthquake early warning technologies in the region, and promote the construction of a regional earthquake early warning scientific and technological innovation platform integrating scientific research experiments, achievements transformation, scientific and technological exchanges and integrated demonstrations.

Chapter V Legal Liability

　　Article 20 In violation of the provisions of the fourth paragraph of Article 10 of these measures, units or individuals that occupy, damage or dismantle or move the facilities of earthquake early warning system without authorization shall be dealt with in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on Earthquake Prevention and Disaster Mitigation.

　　Article 21 In violation of the provisions of the second paragraph of article eleventh of these measures, fabricating and disseminating false earthquake warning information or releasing earthquake warning information to the society without authorization, the municipal earthquake department shall order it to make corrections; If it constitutes a violation of public security administration, it shall be dealt with by the public security organ according to law; If a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law.

Chapter VI Supplementary Provisions

　　Article 22 These Measures shall come into force as of March 1, 2023.

All national societies, associations and research societies, associations and youth league committees of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, associations and youth league committees of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, national civil aviation youth league committees, national railway youth league committees, youth league committees of central and state organs, central financial youth league committees, central enterprise youth league committees, taxation youth league committees, universities, enterprise youth league committees and all relevant units:

In order to thoroughly study and implement the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era, fully implement the spirit of the 20th Party Congress and the Central Talent Work Conference, and fully show the spirit of young talents who are determined to be innovative, confident and brave in climbing the peak of science and technology in the great journey of achieving high-level scientific and technological self-reliance, the second China Science and Technology Youth Forum (hereinafter referred to as the "Forum") is scheduled to be launched in the first half of 2024, as an important special activity of the annual meeting of the China Association for Science and Technology. Relevant matters are hereby notified as follows.

I. Guiding ideology

Thoroughly implement the strategy of strengthening the country with talents in the new era, and implement the Party’s Report to the 20th CPC National Congress that "the vast number of young people should unswervingly listen to the Party’s words and follow the Party, embrace their dreams and be down-to-earth, dare to think and do good deeds, and be determined to be good young people in the new era with ideals, courage to take responsibility, hardship and willingness to struggle". Implement the important guiding spirit of the Supreme Leader’s General Secretary that "young talents are the source of the country’s strategic talent strength", "support young talents to take the lead and play the leading role" and "actively participate in Chinese modernization, strive to be the vanguard and new force in scientific and technological innovation, rural revitalization, green development, social services, defending the country and defending the border, and show the vigor and vitality of youth", and persist in cultivating talents and making suggestions for the party. Build a platform for young talents to exchange views, collide with ideas and share experiences, help young talents to show their elegance and stand out, guide young talents to be "the country’s greatest", and contribute wisdom and strength to promoting the realization of high-level scientific and technological self-reliance.

Second, the theme of the forum

Self-reliance and self-improvement, creating a vision of the future, and striving for a strong country in science and technology.

III. Organizer

(1) Organizer

China Association for Science and Technology organizes the Ministry of Personnel, the Communist Youth League Central United Front Work Department.

(2) Organizer

China Association for Science and Technology Training and Talent Service Center China Youth Science and Technology Workers Association

Iv. participants

Scientific and technological talents in all fields and industries who are 40 years old and under (born on or after January 1, 1983), cadres in the system of the Association for Science and Technology, the Communist Youth League organization and the China Young Scientists and Technicians Association.

V. Contents of the Forum

Based on their own fields and industries, participants talked about their actual scientific research experiences, innovative practices, ideological insights or major achievements, struggle stories and touching stories of scientific and technological talents witnessed by them, focusing on the key, difficult and painful issues in scientific and technological innovation. This paper expounds from the aspects of enhancing original innovation ability, improving the overall efficiency of innovation system, strengthening the integration of scientific and technological innovation resources, improving the layout of scientific and technological innovation forces, enhancing the efficiency of scientific and technological input and output, optimizing the scientific and technological talent team, promoting the reform of scientific and technological evaluation system, strengthening international scientific and technological exchanges, optimizing the scientific and technological ecological environment, and strengthening the ethical governance of science and technology, and looks forward to the future development vision of scientific and technological undertakings, so as to deeply implement the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education, strengthening the country through talents, and driving the development strategy of innovation for the country, and promote the realization of high-

VI. Overall arrangement

As an important special activity of the annual meeting of China Association for Science and Technology, the forum is divided into the stages of work collection, special forum, general forum performance and application of achievements. Participants participate in the forum by submitting policy papers and giving live speeches. The specific arrangements are as follows:

(1) Collection of works

The forum collects works through organizing recommendation channels and social open channels. Various departments and directly affiliated units of China Association for Science and Technology, central departments and directly affiliated units of the Communist Youth League, national societies, provincial associations for science and technology, youth league committees at all levels, China Young Science and Technology Workers Association and provincial youth science and technology workers associations, relevant universities, enterprise associations for science and technology, youth league committees and other relevant units recommended channels for the organization of this forum. At the same time, social open channels are set up, and interested young scientific and technological talents can sign up for participation through social open channels.

The works of strategy papers are mainly about strategy, not general academic papers, which can list the frontier trends of science and technology, vivid cases at home and abroad, vivid stories of scientific research and so on. The article should take solving problems as the main purpose, and adhere to problem-oriented, goal-oriented and effect-oriented, generally not exceeding 3000 words. In the process of writing articles, participants can ask experts and leaders of their teams and units for guidance.

(2) Thematic forums

The forum organized experts’ countermeasure papers for primary selection, and selected about 300 excellent articles to enter the special forum. There are four special forums with the themes of "the frontier of world science and technology", "the main battlefield of economy", "the major needs of the country" and "people’s life and health". Young scientific and technological talents who entered the special forum showed their views and made suggestions by means of live speeches, and selected outstanding works of various grades from them, and selected a group of outstanding talents to participate in the performance of the general forum.

(III) General Forum Performance

The performance of the General Forum will be held during the annual meeting of China Association for Science and Technology. Outstanding young talents who stood out from the special forum gave live speeches at the general forum. Relevant academicians and experts, leading talents in science and technology, responsible comrades of relevant ministries and commissions, central enterprises, colleges and universities, and responsible comrades of forum organizers and organizations recommending channels, etc. Through the combination of expert comments and on-site voting, we will produce the best popular star, the best elegant star, the best strategy star, and the new star of science and technology, and give priority publicity. Considering the quantity and quality of the works recommended by the recommendation channels, the units with good organizational results and excellent recommended works shall be commended in an appropriate form.

(D) the use of results

The forum will give full play to the advantages of platform resources and reflect the important theoretical viewpoints and key opinions and suggestions of young scientific and technological talents through the decision-making consultation channels of the Association for Science and Technology; Select a group of outstanding talents to enter the expert team of "Youth Think Tank" of China Association for Science and Technology and the contact database of scientific and technological talents of China Association for Science and Technology, and participate in the construction of think tanks and the national training activities of young scientific and technological talents in the "Pilot Program" of the Party School of China Association for Science and Technology through multiple channels, and recommend them to the authoritative mainstream media to record special programs; According to the actual situation, outstanding talents are recommended to participate in the National Innovation Rushing Award, China Youth Science and Technology Award, China Young Female Scientist Award, China Association for Science and Technology Young Talent Support Project, National Youth Post Expert, Zhong Nanshan Youth Science and Technology Innovation Award and other commendation awards and talent project selection, and outstanding candidates are given priority to be admitted to the Youth Federation at the corresponding level; The excellent strategic papers of the forum will be assembled and published, and recommended to the corresponding scientific journals for publication according to the academic level of the articles.

VII. Job Requirements

First, improve political stance and organize mobilization extensively. All relevant units should take the China Science and Technology Youth Forum as an important measure to implement the spirit of the 20th Party Congress and the spirit of the Central Talent Work Conference, conscientiously do a good job in the publicity and organization of the forum, fully mobilize universities, research institutes, science and technology enterprises, science and technology parks and other units and organizations with intensive young scientific and technological talents, fully mobilize the members of the Youth Science and Technology Association at all levels to organize the "Light of Science and Technology" youth propaganda group to participate in it, and encourage and support outstanding young talents to participate.

The second is to strengthen unity service and improve work skills. All relevant units should regard the China Science and Technology Youth Forum as an important platform for uniting, leading, contacting and serving young scientific and technological talents, and through the forum, form a close cooperation mechanism among all levels of science and technology associations, the Youth League Committee and the Youth Science and Technology Association, closely contact a group of young scientific and technological talents, and enhance the ability and level of talent work.

VIII. Important matters

1. Organize and recommend channel participation methods. Young scientific and technological talents who participate in this forum through the organization recommendation channel should fill in their personal information and organization invitation code through the theme website of China Science and Technology Youth Forum (website: http://qnlt.scimall.org.cn/) before April 30, 2024, upload their strategic papers, submit them to the recommendation organization, and the registration will be successful after passing the examination. The organization invitation code is uniformly set by the organizer for each recommendation channel. Each recommendation channel can contact the superior unit to obtain the organization invitation code, and inform them when inviting outstanding young scientific and technological talents to participate in this forum.

2. Social open channels to participate. Young scientific and technological talents who participate in this forum through social open channels should fill in their personal information and unified invitation code (37B186) through the theme website of China Science and Technology Youth Forum (website: http://qnlt.scimall.org.cn/) before April 30, 2024, and upload their strategic papers. After approval, the registration will be successful.

3. Organize the recommended quantity. Please recommend about 10 policy papers by the National Society, 20 by the Provincial Association for Science and Technology, 10 by the Provincial Youth League Committee, 10 by the Provincial Association of Young Science and Technology Workers, 10 by the relevant universities and enterprises, 5 by the government departments and directly affiliated units of China Association for Science and Technology, and 5 by the central departments and directly affiliated units of the Communist Youth League. Other units recommend the best according to the actual situation.

Policy consultation

Associated person:

China Association for Science and Technology organizes personnel department.

Zhang Haiyan Tang Ye Zhao Yaqin

Tel: 010-62165297 010-62165289 010-68530471?

United Front Work Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League (Secretariat of China Youth Science and Technology Workers Association)

Wei Meng Wang Han?

Tel: 010-85212680?

Registration support

Associated person: Zhang Yi??????

Tel: 010-62165297????????

Attachment: 1. Application Form for the 2nd China Science and Technology Youth Forum. doc

2. The second China Science and Technology Youth Forum policy paper requirements. doc

China Association for Science and Technology General Office Communist Youth League Central Office

March 20, 2024? ? ? ? ? ? ??

The long-delayed COVID-19 epidemic has once again highlighted the indispensable and extensive influence of digital technology on a global scale. The rise of new technologies such as artificial intelligence, Internet of Things, 3D printing, augmented reality and virtual reality, and quantum computing is subverting the traditional economic and social operation mode and shaping new development opportunities. How a country responds to the various changes brought about by the technological revolution and establishes corresponding competitiveness around digital technology will not only determine its future economic growth, but also affect its geopolitical status. In this context, countries all over the world have put the digital transformation in the fields of economy, governance and life into the important agenda of the government, and increased resource input and policy support to improve their digital competitiveness.

Not long ago, the European Center for Digital Competitiveness of the European Advanced Business School (ESCP) released the Report on the Promotion of Global Digital Competitiveness in 2021 (Digital Riser Report 2021）。 The research report comprehensively uses the relevant data from the World Economic Forum, the World Bank and the International Telecommunication Union to evaluate and rank the current digital competitiveness of 137 countries around the world, and extracts the best practices of countries with rapidly rising digital competitiveness, so as to provide decision-making and action guidance for other countries. The relevant research conclusions have certain reference significance for countries around the world to understand the advantages and disadvantages of their digital transformation from a macro perspective and to calibrate the strategic direction of enhancing digital competitiveness.

The research report simplifies the definition of a country’s "digital competitiveness" as 10 equal weight factors in two categories: "digital ecosystem" and "digital thinking mode", and divides all countries into nine groups, namely, G7, G20 and Asia-Pacific, Eurasia, Europe and North America, Latin America and the Caribbean, Middle East and North Africa, South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa defined by the World Economic Forum. On this basis, combined with the data of the three years from 2019 to 2021, it is scored and ranked. Among them, the elements belonging to the "digital ecosystem" include the difficulty of obtaining venture capital, the cost of starting a business, the time required for starting a business, the convenience of hiring international talents, and the digital skills of university graduates; The "digital thinking mode" includes the digital skills of the working population, the attitude towards entrepreneurial risks, the diversity of labor force, the scale of mobile broadband users, and the acceptance of subversive business development ideas by enterprises. The scoring results intuitively reflect the changes of digital competitiveness of countries in terms of sub-items and overall, while limiting the ranking to nine groups is to ensure that the comparison baseline is relatively fair and the results are comparable. By combing the relevant evaluation results, the report puts forward three main findings:

Nowadays, the global digital competitiveness is changing.

The research report shows that while the digital competitiveness of some countries and regions is rapidly improving, some leading digital countries in public perception are gradually losing their advantages. Taking China and the United States as two digital superpowers, for example, during 2019-2021, China’s digital competitiveness improved obviously (+211), while the United States showed a decline (-72). Moreover, whether in the G7 or G20 group, the ranking of the increase in digital competitiveness of the United States is in a relatively backward position. The analysis believes that the decline of digital competitiveness in the United States is mainly driven by the dimension of digital ecosystem, including a series of adverse effects such as increasing immigration and visa barriers, which makes it more difficult to attract international digital and information professionals. The promotion of China’s competitiveness is mainly reflected in its strong advantages in the dimension of digital thinking mode, including the proposal and deployment of a series of national overall strategic plans, and taking scientific and technological innovation and entrepreneurship as important measures to achieve high-quality development.

In addition to the United States, Britain (-85), Sweden (-92) and other developed countries in digital technology also failed to show a significant increase in digital competitiveness. India (-396), Germany (-176) and other big countries even experienced a sharp decline in competitiveness in both digital ecosystems and digital thinking modes. However, some countries, such as Georgia (+153), Egypt (+258), Canada (+47) and Vietnam (+339), which do not have a high digital starting point, have become the leaders in this field because they have implemented a series of fruitful digital transformation measures. To some extent, this shows that the global digital competitiveness pattern is in the process of dynamic reorganization, and new global digital technology leaders will appear in the future.

Digital competitiveness is closely related to digital transformation measures.

The research report collects the "Best Practice" of digital transformation in G7, G20 and seven regional economic groups whose digital competitiveness has increased significantly in the past three years, covering the actual progress in the fields of strategic planning, policy assistance, investment support and perfect supervision. For example, through the implementation of the "National Innovation and Skills Plan", Canada set up a strategic innovation fund for digital transformation, adding more than 70,000 jobs, driving more than 45 billion US dollars of investment, and injecting new vitality into the national economy; Vietnam pushes the "National Digital Transformation Plan in 2025", vigorously advocates the adoption of emerging digital technologies, builds a digital government, and sets a long-term goal that the digital economy will account for 30% of the national GDP by 2030; Egypt has vigorously promoted the "ICT 2030 Strategy" and the "Digital Egypt" plan, thus becoming the leader of digital transformation in the Middle East. Therefore, the report believes that the promotion of national digital competitiveness is closely related to the government’s clear long-term goal of digital transformation and leading the formulation and implementation of comprehensive planning for digital transformation.

To enhance digital competitiveness, we need to support digital innovation and entrepreneurship.

The research report found that countries with rapidly rising digital competitiveness pay great attention to attracting international talents, promoting innovation and entrepreneurship, and strengthening the education and training of digital skills. For example, Italy has established a legal framework to provide visa convenience and tax incentives for start-up companies and scientific and technological talents through the Entrepreneurship Law (ISA), thus attracting tens of thousands of start-up companies to register and operate in Italy in just three years; The Spanish government has launched a series of entrepreneurship support policies, including the Entrepreneurship Promotion Law, the establishment of a national entrepreneurship office, and the introduction of outstanding international talents. Georgia is actively implementing the "2017-2021 Strategy for the Unification of Education and Science" to promote the modernization of science, technology and innovation system.

In view of this, the research report emphasizes that each country needs to fully develop its own digital thinking mode and digital ecosystem, and pay attention to the speed and effectiveness of policy implementation in order to improve its digital competitiveness. At the same time, from the evaluation results of global digital competitiveness in 2021, under the influence of multiple factors, the speed of digital transformation varies greatly among different countries, and the global competition pattern around digital transformation also shows a rapid change trend, and there may be many possibilities in the future. Generally speaking, countries that attach importance to and vigorously promote digital transformation can basically make significant progress in a relatively short period of time. Even countries with weak digital foundation can realize the acceleration of digital transformation after taking appropriate actions and measures. Therefore, governments should attach great importance to and carefully consider the future strategic decision-making and management mode in this key field, and effectively promote digital transformation based on actual national conditions.

Family farm agriculture is a new force for high-quality development
There are nearly 600,000 family farms listed in the national list, with an operating land of 160 million mu.

Cartography: Wang Zheping

Family farms, with family members as the main labor force and family management as the basic business unit, engage in large-scale, standardized and intensive agricultural production and management, which is the main management mode of modern agriculture. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, all localities have actively guided and supported the development of various family farms such as agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery, and achieved solid results.

In recent years, the number of family farms in China has increased steadily, and the quality of development has improved day by day. Family farms have become the growth point of farmers’ income, the focus of industrial prosperity and the experimental field of structural reform of agricultural supply side.

"We have sold mushrooms to Japan, South Korea and Southeast Asian markets, and the income of our family farm is getting better every year." Yu Peiying, head of Kangyi Family Farm in Nanhe County, Xingtai City, Hebei Province, could not hide his excitement. This farm manages 120 mu of land and has four family laborers. It mainly produces edible fungi, walnuts and vegetables, with an annual output value of 1.1 million yuan and a net income of more than 200,000 yuan last year. The thriving family farm is becoming a new force for the high-quality development of agriculture in China.

Family farms, with family members as the main labor force and family management as the basic business unit, engage in large-scale, standardized and intensive agricultural production and management, which is the main management mode of modern agriculture. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, according to the deployment of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, all localities have actively guided and supported the development of various family farms such as agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery, and achieved solid results. The reporter learned from the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs that at present, there are nearly 600,000 family farms listed in the list of agricultural and rural departments in China, with an operating land of 160 million mu. The number of family farms has increased steadily, the quality of development has been improved day by day, and the operating industries have become increasingly diversified.

Policy creation

Small farms have become the growth point of farmers’ income.

In the supply of family farm system, hundreds of millions of farmers have a new support. Good things happen one after another.

This year’s Central Document No.1 emphasizes supporting the development of primary processing of agricultural products suitable for family farms and farmers’ cooperatives. A few days ago, 11 ministries and commissions, including the Central Agricultural Office, issued "Guiding Opinions on Implementing Family Farm Cultivation Plan", and the development of family farms has gained new policy confidence.

Open the net income account of Kangyi Family Farm in 2018, and it will shine at the moment: grain income is 9,000 yuan, vegetables income is 10,000 yuan, walnuts income is 11,000 yuan, and edible fungi income is 220,000 yuan. At present, there are 41,000 family farms in Hebei province, covering 94% of administrative villages, which has effectively boosted farmers’ income. Up to now, there are 100,000 family farms in Anhui Province, ranking first in the country, which has become an important channel for farmers to increase their income.

The Guiding Opinions require that by 2020, the policy system supporting the development of family farms will be basically established, the management system will be more sound, the guidance service mechanism will be gradually improved, and the number of family farms will increase steadily. By 2022, the policy system to support the development of family farms will be further improved, and the production and operation ability and driving ability of family farms will be consolidated and improved.

Zhao Yang, director of the Policy and Reform Department of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, said that speeding up the cultivation of a large number of family farms with moderate scale, intensive production, advanced management and obvious benefits will continuously raise farmers’ income to a new level.

Adhere to the main body of farmers. It is to adhere to the basic position of family management in the rural basic management system, encourage farmers with long-term and stable willingness to farm to moderately expand their business scale, develop various types of family farms, and carry out various forms of cooperation and alliance.

Adhere to a moderate scale. Guide family farms to achieve the best scale benefits according to the industrial characteristics and their own management capabilities, prevent one-sided pursuit of land and other means of production from being excessively concentrated, and prevent "large households".

Adhere to market orientation. Follow the law of family farm development. Give full play to the decisive role of the market in promoting the development of family farms and strengthen the government’s guidance and support for family farms.

Demonstration creation

Small farms have become the focus of industrial prosperity

The geese are led by the head geese, and family farms are no exception.

Jianong Family Farm is located in Gaoxiang Village, Yeshan Town, Tianchang City, Anhui Province. It is one of the top ten local family farms, which makes the person in charge Chen Hongping very happy. As an "old-fashioned" farmer, Lao Chen’s family farm has read "three agricultural classics".

A classic, save money and increase efficiency. The operation scale of 345 mu of Jia Nong’s family farm can make the whole set of agricultural machinery and equipment work happily, which not only saves costs, but also provides appropriate agricultural machinery services to increase income. The new rice varieties introduced by the farm have achieved high quality and good price, and the income per mu has increased by more than 200 yuan.

Two classics, agricultural science and technology. Jia Nong’s family farm adheres to the green concept, adopts the rotation mode, selects new varieties, carries out agricultural prevention and control, and implements cultivation management techniques such as water saving and warming, which is not only environmentally friendly but also increases income.

Three classics, order agriculture. Through multi-party alliance, Jia Nong’s family farm allows itself to grow together with leading enterprises. Based on orders and contracts, family farms can not only form a close interest community with enterprises, but also drive large farmers and small farmers to participate in industrial management.

Zhao Yang said, give play to the role of typical demonstration, promote development through demonstration, summarize and popularize the demonstration models of different types of family farms, and improve the development quality of family farms.

Strengthen the establishment of demonstration family farms and carry out the establishment of demonstration counties of family farms. All localities should follow the principle of "voluntary declaration, merit-based recommendation, step-by-step audit and dynamic management", improve the working mechanism and carry out the creation of demonstration family farms. Relying on rural revitalization demonstration counties, agricultural green development pioneer areas, modern agricultural demonstration areas, etc., support the establishment of family farm demonstration counties where conditions permit, and promote the cultivation of family farms throughout the county.

Encourage all kinds of talents to set up family farms and guide family farms to develop cooperative management. Encourage local talents in rural areas, migrant workers who are willing to return to their hometowns and return to their hometowns, outstanding rural college graduates and scientific and technological personnel to set up family farms.

Huo Mi-cai, a villager in Dawopeng Village, caoshi, Qingyuan Manchu Autonomous County, Liaoning Province, is really not simple. His Mingyu family farm concentrates on rice, with an annual net income of 700,000 yuan. His "secret" lies in the fact that he can store 300-400 tons of grain in the farm’s storage by processing and increasing the value through his own production and operation and purchasing grain from small farmers!

The demonstration of family farms is in full swing all over the country. At present, Zhejiang insists on moderate scale and family management, and has launched 1204 demonstration family farms in the province. According to the system standard of cultivating family farms, 11,107 demonstration family farms have been established in Anhui Province.

Mechanism innovation

Small farms have become experimental fields for structural reform of agricultural supply side.

Where there are family farms, there are continuous deepening actions of structural reform on the supply side of agriculture. On the one hand, family farms deepen the structural reform of agricultural supply side, and the green concept runs through the whole process of agricultural production.

At first glance, the sweet potatoes in Kangyi Farm are growing happily, with green leaves and strong sweet potato vines intertwined like a giant green carpet.

The mechanism of circular agriculture is also introduced here, and a corncob is used twice, and the corncob raw material is used as a culture medium to cultivate fresh mushrooms; The waste from mushroom cultivation is used as organic fertilizer to produce a new mushroom culture medium, which ensures the organic nutrition of the culture medium and the green quality of the products, and improves the comprehensive benefits of planting.

On the other hand, family farms are refining the structural reform of agricultural supply side.

Zhejiang guides family farms to set up cooperatives, from single-handedness to group development, focusing on the reorganization of industry, market and property rights, guiding the main body to unite, and building a pagoda-like management main body system of "small farmers-family farms-cooperatives-agricultural leading enterprises". Starting with the supply of system, Hebei Province supports family farms to become better and stronger. This year, it co-ordinates more than 2 billion yuan of provincial-level financial funds related to agriculture, and develops provincial-level credit exclusive products, providing 2.17 billion yuan of guarantees for 4,317 cooperatives and family farms.

Deepening the structural reform of agricultural supply side in family farms will build a more perfect security system. The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs said that it is necessary to protect the land management rights of family farms in accordance with the law, improve the service system for the transfer of land management rights, and encourage the orderly transfer of land management rights to family farms. Protect the rights of both parties to land circulation according to law, guide both parties to reasonably determine the rent level, stabilize the relationship between land circulation, and effectively prevent the risk of land lease for family farms.

Deepening the supply-side structural reform of family farms will strengthen the construction of more perfect infrastructure. Zhao Yang said that family farms should be encouraged to participate in the construction of grain production functional zones, important agricultural products production protection zones, characteristic agricultural products advantage zones and modern agricultural industrial parks. Support family farms to participate in the construction of high-standard farmland and promote centralized contiguous management.

Yu Peiying is beaming with joy: "Counting accounts, the family farm of four people in my family has a per capita income of more than 50,000 yuan, which I didn’t even think about before. This is good, that is good, and it is not as good as income growth. This sweetness, that sweetness, is not as sweet as a purse! " (Reporter Gao Yuncai)