FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022 in 2022, like a fire in winter, ignited the passion of fans who had been dormant for four years. Modern football originated in England, but as a sport, its embryonic form originated in China. In ancient China, there was a sport similar to a football match, which was cuju.

one

Cuju originated in barracks at first.

Kick, creep, and step (step). "Take a step against the foot." The words "Nie", "Ta" and "Tread" all mean stepping from top to bottom. Reverse pedaling is equivalent to kicking and jumping from bottom to top. Cuju is to kick the ball, but it is different from the current football kicking method. The main form of Cuju is actually to kick the ball, which is similar to kicking shuttlecock. It can be played by one person or by many people in formation, mainly from bottom to top to prevent the ball from landing. Of course, there are also competitions in which two teams are divided to kick the ball into the goal to win, similar to modern football matches.

It should be noted that there was another ancient ball game called "bow-beating", which had little to do with football, but was the prototype of polo and prevailed in the Tang Dynasty.

Cuju, written in different ways in ancient Chinese, is also called kicking, kicking, kicking, kicking, kicking and so on. The earliest ball is made of wool, so the ball is also called "wool pill", which is written as "cave" or "ball" Later, people filled skins with hair to make spheres, so the ball was written as "bow", which means a ball made of leather by bending. Guo Pu notes the cloud in "Three Cangs": "Mao Pills can make the performers bow." Inflatable rubber balls didn’t exist until the Tang and Song Dynasties. In the Tang Dynasty, Xu Jian and others compiled a comprehensive book "The Book of Beginners", which recorded: "In ancient times, it was tangled with wool, but now it is done with skin and cells (possibly animal bladders) as the lining, and it is done with a sigh of relief." "Toe" is related to the foot, mainly from the part of the human body that touches the ball.

According to Ji Yuan of Things, Cuju originated in the era of the Yellow Emperor and was originally invented to train soldiers in battle. Mawangdui’s silk book "Sixteen Classics" records that the Yellow Emperor defeated Chiyou and "filled his stomach and thought that he bowed, so that people could hold on to it, and those who were more rewarded". Liu Xiang said to Bielu: "Cuju players are rumored to have done what the Yellow Emperor did, or, from the time of the Warring States. When you are squatting, the military situation is also good. Therefore, when you practice samurai, you know how to be talented, and you practice it because of playing. " There are 25 pieces of Cuju among the thirteen military skill schools in Hanshu Yiwenzhi. It can be seen that Cuju originally originated from barracks, and it is probably a sport that soldiers play in their spare time during military training, which can relax their body and mind and also train teamwork. The original ball games were related to leather, which also confirmed this point. Because in ancient times, the closest contact and user of leather was soldiers, so "soldiers and leather" were connected in Chinese.

From the perspective of literature, Cuju first appeared in the Warring States Period. "Historical Records" and "Warring States Policy" both recorded the popularity of cuju in the State of Qi in the Warring States Period: "Linzi is very rich and real, and all its people play the lute, drum instruments, percussion, playing the piano, fighting cocks, walking dogs, six blogs and stumbling."

Cuju was popular in Han and Tang Dynasties, and reached its peak in Song Dynasty, forming a professional Cuju group called Qiyun Club or Round Club, similar to today’s football clubs. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Cuju gradually declined. For fear of being discouraged by playthings, Zhu Yuanzhang, the Emperor Taizu of the Ming Dynasty, once ordered officials and warriors to ban cuju, "kicking round, unloading feet", and even "bowing round kills nine families". Ming Xizong also ordered that folk football be prohibited. However, Cuju was not banned among the people, and there were still concluding works. The Ming Dynasty wrote "Cuju Atlas" and "Cuju Spectrum", which recorded the methods and rules of Cuju competition from the Tang and Song Dynasties to the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, as well as the forms and specifications of courts and goals. For example, there are ten ways to kick the ball, such as shoulder, back, turn, take, control, drag, hold, knee, racket and moon, and ten kinds of "no kicking tactics" which are not suitable for kicking the ball, such as "after drinking", "before the banquet", "under the muddy water" and "under the lamp and candle". These works also record more than 40 kinds of ball brands and more than 100 cuju clubs.

At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, the Eight Banners also made it popular to play football at the grassroots level. However, in the Qing Dynasty, Shizu Shunzhi made an edict that "it is forbidden to play football immediately" on the grounds that "this dynasty always studies art, and its leisure time is related to book history". Emperor Qianlong even banned cuju on the grounds of gathering people to make trouble. Cuju inevitably declined under the official ban of the two dynasties.

two

Liu Taigong is not happy without the ball.

The literature recorded the popularity of Cuju in Qilu during the Warring States Period. After the King of Qin swept Liuhe, the troubled times at the end of Qin Dynasty and the struggle between Chu and Han, the tradition of Cuju was still not cut off among the people. By the time Liu Bang established the Han Dynasty, the world was reunified, and Cuju won the "endorsement" of Emperor Liu Taigong, the emperor fans like Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty and Wei Wudi emerged, and the general stars like Huo Qubing and Liang Ji emerged. Cuju was quite popular in the Han Dynasty.

The reason is probably that Cuju, a sport similar to fighting chickens and running dogs, is quite in line with the civilian characteristics of the Han Dynasty.

Liu Bang, the Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty, was the first commoner in history. He retained many characteristics of common scoundrels. For example, when Chu and Han were contending for food, Xiang Yu caught Liu Bang’s father, Liu Taigong, tied him to a high chopping board, and set up a big pot next to him. The water in the pot was boiling hot. Xiang Yu threatened Liu Bang to kill Liu Taigong like an animal and throw him into a pot to cook broth for the soldiers to satisfy their hunger. Liu bang had the cheek to say to Xiang Yu, you and I are brothers who become sworn brothers, and my dad is your dad. You have to cook your dad. If you are lucky, please share with me. Liu bang is such a rogue, but this rogue is a bully who can effectively restrain the aristocratic family.

Liu bang was born in a common town, and his father Liu Taigong was also a common man. Liu Taigong was the first real emperor’s father in history, Qin Zhuang Xiang Wang’s "emperor’s father" was sealed by Qin Shihuang, and Liu Taigong was the first emperor’s father who lived to enjoy the actual treatment. Liu Taigong "lay down" all the way to become the emperor’s father, entered the capital Chang ‘an (now Xi ‘an, Shaanxi Province) and settled in the magnificent palace, but he was unhappy. Liu Bang is a dutiful son. Seeing his father unhappy, he asked people around him to find out why. It turns out that Liu Taigong is not used to the life in big cities. According to "Miscellanies of Xijing", Liu Taigong "lived a good life, killing teenagers, selling cakes with wine, and fighting cocks for pleasure". He likes to associate with some butchers and vendors, and takes pleasure in selling wine, cakes, cockfighting and playing football. Now he is trapped in the deep palace and has no life.

After Liu learned about it, he ordered Wu Kuan, a craftsman, to build a new city in Liyi, modeled after Fengyi (now Fengxian, Jiangsu Province), a hometown of Pei County, and even the old temple of Fengyi was moved to the new city. When Liu was young, he once offered sacrifices to the God of Yuyu Society in the temple. The layout of streets and lanes and the scenery of utensils in the whole new town are all copied from the old ones, and even all the folks in Fengyi have been relocated easily. The hometown is full of elements, which can be called a replica of a hometown. After the men, women and children of Fengyi came to the new town together, they could recognize their houses at a glance when they walked in the streets, and even the chickens, ducks, dogs and sheep brought by the villagers were scattered on the road, so they could find their own homes.

When Liu Taigong arrived in the new town, he saw that the meat sellers, wine sellers and cake sellers in the city were old friends from his hometown. Besides, there were many recreational activities such as cockfighting and playing football, and he was still familiar with the street life, so he was really happy. In July, the tenth year of Emperor Gaozu (197 BC), Liu Taigong died. In memory of his father, Liu Bang renamed Liyi Xinfeng (now Xinfeng Street, Lintong District, Xi ‘an City, Shaanxi Province). Zhang Shoujie’s Historical Records of Justice in the Tang Dynasty quoted a cloud from Kuozhi: "The old city of Xinfeng is located in the southwest of Xinfeng County, Yongzhou, and the Xinfeng Palace in Han Dynasty." The reason for building the city is the same as that recorded in Xijing Miscellanies.

In Chinese, there is an idiom "Chicken and dog know the new wind" or "Chicken and dog know the new wind", which means that you can still be as familiar and happy in a foreign country as in your hometown. When Su Shi first arrived in Huizhou, he wrote a poem, including two lines, "It seems as if he had traveled in a dream, and he was glad to know the new scenery", expressing a feeling of deja vu and revisiting the old place.

three

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and Cao Cao are "fans"

Cuju was endorsed by the Emperor Tai in the Han Dynasty, and was naturally deeply loved. According to the biography of Han Dong Fangshuo, Dong Yan, Toy Boy of Liu Piao, princess royal, was distinguished for a while, and no one dared to call him by his first name. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty regarded him as the "master". Dong Yan is famous all over the world, and the dogs, horses, cuju and swordsmen in the county are gathered in Dong Yan’s mansion like spokes on the hub.

Not only does Dong Yan like playing football, but Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty is also a "fan". Dong Yan often watches cockfighting, dog fighting, horse racing and cuju competitions with Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. When Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was happy to watch the game, he ordered Mei Gao, the son of Mei Cheng, to write a poem to record the game and the fun of watching it.

Huo Qubing, a general in title of generals in ancient times, likes playing football. He was successful as a teenager and showed no sympathy for foot soldiers. When he was fighting outside the Great Wall, the soldiers were hungry and listless, but he drew a stadium on the ground and played football.

Emperor Cheng of Han also likes to play football. The Miscellanies of Xijing records: "Emperor Cheng loves cuju, and the ministers take cuju as their labor, which is not suitable for the supreme." After the admonition of his ministers, Emperor Han became fond of playing chess with less exercise.

Liang Ji, a powerful minister in the Eastern Han Dynasty, was an all-around player in game sports, and playing football was also a sport he was proficient in. "The Biography of Liang Ji in the Later Han Dynasty" said, "(Liang) is addicted to alcohol, and can play full, play chess, play five or six games, play cuju and care for money."

Cao Cao also likes watching football. During the Jian ‘an period of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Tianshui Kong Guangui (the word Shu Lin) was good at playing football, and he loved flattery. Wei’s Spring and Autumn Annals called him "knowing the game, stumbling and bowing", "being proud without virtue, but getting rich without success", and Wei Lue called him "good at cuju, so Mao loved it, and he went in and out with followers every side". For this reason, Cao Pi and Wei Lue. (Cover journalist Wen Kanglin)

(Source: Huaxi Dushi Bao December 12, 2022 A15)

Source: Huaxi Dushi Bao

Today is Thursday, December 7, 2023. The first table tennis mixed World Cup entered the second match day of the quarter-finals. Last night’s match, Lin Gaoyuan, Wang Yidi, Manyu Wang and Fan Zhendong appeared, beating Slovakia 8-1 and winning the first quarter-finals. Today, the table tennis tournament will be held at 12: 00 noon and 19: 00 pm, and the opponents will be China Taipei and French respectively. I feel that the opponents will be stronger in the second stage, so we should prepare the competition carefully. At present, China, Japan and South Korea have the best performance in the standings, ranking first in the standings, while Sweden and Germany rank second and third, but there are still several games to come, and the points will change with the results of the games. Today’s schedule is as follows:

10:00 Germany vs France

10:00 Korea vs Slovakia

12:00 Guoping vs China Taibei

12:00 Japan vs Sweden

17:00 Korea vs Sweden

17:00 German vs China Taibei

19:00 Guoping vs France

19:00 Japan vs Slovakia

It is not difficult to see from the above schedule that the competition will be wonderful, such as Germany and France. In Germany, Ochalov Francesca Hanying did not participate in the competition, but several athletes such as Winter and Shan Xiaona, as well as Walther and Stamper, are not bad. The French team is the main lineup, such as the lebrun brothers and Simon Gauzy, Yuan Jianan and Pavard, etc. Maybe this morning’s game, the French team has a higher probability of winning.

South Korea and Slovakia feel that the South Korean team has a good chance of winning, because several main players, such as Lin Zhongxun of Ahn Jae hyun, Shen Yubin and Tian Zhixi, have performed very well this time. China and China Taipei, the national table tennis team, have a good chance of winning. After all, China Taipei Lin Yuru, Chuan Chih Yuan and Zheng Yijing both retired, and their strength was affected. Today, fans are concerned about who will appear, who will play mixed doubles and who will play singles.

In the match between Japan and Sweden, I feel that it is not a problem for the women’s team to win. Compared with Hayata Hina Hirano Miwoo and Zhang Benmei, their strength is indeed higher than other players. However, the Swedish men’s teams Carlberg and Carlson are not weak, and they are expected to be wonderful.

At 17: 00 p.m., South Korea and Sweden, Germany and China Taipei, there is a high probability that South Korea and Germany will win. But I can’t say for sure. After all, the strength of the Swedish team is also good. Although falk and Moregard didn’t come, Carlson and Carlberg did play well. As the China Taipei team said above, Lin Yunru and Chuan Chih Yuan are not here, and the strength of the team also has an impact.

At 19: 00, China played against France, and Japan played against Slovakia. I felt that China and Japan had a good chance of winning. After all, no matter which main player of the China team is, they are among the top ten players in the world, and they still believe in the strength of the China team. The same is true of the Japanese team, whose strength is higher than Slovakia.

Who do you think will appear tonight, Wang Chuqin and Sun Yingsha playing mixed doubles, and Chen Meng and Malone playing singles?

Swimming is a sport that people often participate in in summer.

People swim in the water in hot summer.

It can not only prevent heatstroke and cool down, but also be beneficial to health.

But long-term contact with the water in the swimming pool

It may also cause damage to the skin

↓↓↓

Three kinds of damage to the skin

01

Direct damage of disinfectant in water

At present, the chlorination disinfection method is commonly used in public swimming pools, which will damage the skin and hair and make the skin dry and dehydrated, so most people will have dry skin and hair after swimming.

02

cutaneous allergy

People with sensitive constitution will have skin allergic reaction, erythema, papules and itching symptoms.

03

May be infected with infectious diseases

Some indoor swimming pools have too many people, and the disinfection of public goods is not thorough, which will make people infected with diseases such as tinea and scabies.

Although the probability is not great, swimming in the swimming pool is likely to cause skin diseases, especially in places with more traffic such as water parks. Among them, cases of tinea pedis and infectious plantar warts after swimming are more common.

How to find a clean and safe swimming pool?

Is the water clean?

Does the bacterial content exceed the standard?

Is there enough disinfectant?

Find a clean and safe swimming pool

Keep these details in mind.

01

Look at the papers

According to "Regulations on Hygiene Management in Public Places", "Detailed Rules for the Implementation of Regulations on Hygiene Management in Public Places" and other laws and regulations, the operators of swimming pools need to publicize the hygiene license, annual inspection report and hygiene reputation grade mark in the eye-catching position of swimming pools.

Operators of swimming places must obtain the hygiene license of public places before they can open their business to the outside world, and should show their business license and accept social supervision.

Before entering a public swimming pool, consumers should pay attention to whether the public health permit and the health certificate of employees are publicized in a conspicuous place in the swimming place.

02

Distinguishing water quality by "looking, smelling and asking"

First look: before entering the swimming pool, you must first look at the color and transparency of the water. In a swimming pool with good water quality, if it is covered with white porcelain, it will show bright light blue; If there are light blue tiles, it is dark blue; The pool water must meet the crystal clear conditions, depending on whether there are particles floating on the water surface, whether there is precipitation at the bottom of the pool, and whether the sprayed foam can dissipate within 15 seconds.

Second smell: you can smell the faint chlorine gas close to the water surface, indicating that the residual chlorine content is basically qualified. If you feel pungent and difficult to adapt, it means that the content of residual chlorine has exceeded the standard, which will cause harm to your body.

Three questions: Ask the staff about the replacement time, frequency and test results of the pool water, as well as the daily maintenance measures.

Four cuts: Feel whether there is skin discomfort in the pool water with your hands. People who often swim can feel the softness and hardness of the water. Feeling "soft" indicates that the water quality is excellent, feeling "hard" and astringent, even itching and pain, and the water quality may be poor.

03

Look at the sanitation facilities

See if the swimming place is equipped with dressing rooms, shower rooms, toilets, closed garbage bins and mechanical ventilation facilities that meet the hygiene requirements.

Check whether the water temperature, residual chlorine concentration, pH value and other indicators of the swimming pool on that day are qualified through the electronic bulletin board or text bulletin board of the swimming venue.

Tips for swimming health in summer

01

Swimming equipment and wearing swimming glasses can also reduce the direct contact between the water in the swimming pool and the eyes.

Summer is the high incidence of pinkeye, which is transmitted through contact. If a patient swims in a swimming pool, it may spread inflammation to other swimmers. The residual chlorine in swimming pool water with a certain concentration can effectively inhibit the reproduction of bacteria and prevent the spread of diseases. However, if the concentration of residual chlorine is too high, it will also cause harm to eyes.

02

Control the swimming time, generally within 2 hours.

Because skin diseases and other germs have to stay in the body for a period of time before they can be transmitted to the body, swimming time should not be too long, and it is best to control it within two hours. Finally, thoroughly washing the whole body with clear water after swimming can wash away pathogenic microorganisms that may pollute the skin and reduce the risk of skin diseases.

03

Reduce touching the public goods in the swimming pool, prepare towels and slippers by yourself and store them in the cupboard.

04

Pay attention to your own health and seek medical advice in time.

If you find yourself with skin damage or skin diseases, try not to go to the swimming pool in order to avoid infection or aggravate skin diseases. If you feel unwell, such as stinging eyes and skin, you should leave the swimming pool in time and clean the residual pathogenic microorganisms and disinfectants.

05

Replenish water before and after swimming.

You will sweat when swimming, but because your body is wet, you often can’t feel the loss of water in your body, resulting in dehydration. Nutritionists suggest drinking 600 ~ 800 ml of water before swimming, and replenishing water in time after swimming.

Forward Reminder Synthesis: Hubei Release, Wuhan Fifth Hospital, Heilongjiang Traffic Broadcasting, Healthy China.

Source: Hubei release