Family farm agriculture is a new force for high-quality development
There are nearly 600,000 family farms listed in the national list, with an operating land of 160 million mu.

Cartography: Wang Zheping

Family farms, with family members as the main labor force and family management as the basic business unit, engage in large-scale, standardized and intensive agricultural production and management, which is the main management mode of modern agriculture. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, all localities have actively guided and supported the development of various family farms such as agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery, and achieved solid results.

In recent years, the number of family farms in China has increased steadily, and the quality of development has improved day by day. Family farms have become the growth point of farmers’ income, the focus of industrial prosperity and the experimental field of structural reform of agricultural supply side.

"We have sold mushrooms to Japan, South Korea and Southeast Asian markets, and the income of our family farm is getting better every year." Yu Peiying, head of Kangyi Family Farm in Nanhe County, Xingtai City, Hebei Province, could not hide his excitement. This farm manages 120 mu of land and has four family laborers. It mainly produces edible fungi, walnuts and vegetables, with an annual output value of 1.1 million yuan and a net income of more than 200,000 yuan last year. The thriving family farm is becoming a new force for the high-quality development of agriculture in China.

Family farms, with family members as the main labor force and family management as the basic business unit, engage in large-scale, standardized and intensive agricultural production and management, which is the main management mode of modern agriculture. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, according to the deployment of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, all localities have actively guided and supported the development of various family farms such as agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery, and achieved solid results. The reporter learned from the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs that at present, there are nearly 600,000 family farms listed in the list of agricultural and rural departments in China, with an operating land of 160 million mu. The number of family farms has increased steadily, the quality of development has been improved day by day, and the operating industries have become increasingly diversified.

Policy creation

Small farms have become the growth point of farmers’ income.

In the supply of family farm system, hundreds of millions of farmers have a new support. Good things happen one after another.

This year’s Central Document No.1 emphasizes supporting the development of primary processing of agricultural products suitable for family farms and farmers’ cooperatives. A few days ago, 11 ministries and commissions, including the Central Agricultural Office, issued "Guiding Opinions on Implementing Family Farm Cultivation Plan", and the development of family farms has gained new policy confidence.

Open the net income account of Kangyi Family Farm in 2018, and it will shine at the moment: grain income is 9,000 yuan, vegetables income is 10,000 yuan, walnuts income is 11,000 yuan, and edible fungi income is 220,000 yuan. At present, there are 41,000 family farms in Hebei province, covering 94% of administrative villages, which has effectively boosted farmers’ income. Up to now, there are 100,000 family farms in Anhui Province, ranking first in the country, which has become an important channel for farmers to increase their income.

The Guiding Opinions require that by 2020, the policy system supporting the development of family farms will be basically established, the management system will be more sound, the guidance service mechanism will be gradually improved, and the number of family farms will increase steadily. By 2022, the policy system to support the development of family farms will be further improved, and the production and operation ability and driving ability of family farms will be consolidated and improved.

Zhao Yang, director of the Policy and Reform Department of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, said that speeding up the cultivation of a large number of family farms with moderate scale, intensive production, advanced management and obvious benefits will continuously raise farmers’ income to a new level.

Adhere to the main body of farmers. It is to adhere to the basic position of family management in the rural basic management system, encourage farmers with long-term and stable willingness to farm to moderately expand their business scale, develop various types of family farms, and carry out various forms of cooperation and alliance.

Adhere to a moderate scale. Guide family farms to achieve the best scale benefits according to the industrial characteristics and their own management capabilities, prevent one-sided pursuit of land and other means of production from being excessively concentrated, and prevent "large households".

Adhere to market orientation. Follow the law of family farm development. Give full play to the decisive role of the market in promoting the development of family farms and strengthen the government’s guidance and support for family farms.

Demonstration creation

Small farms have become the focus of industrial prosperity

The geese are led by the head geese, and family farms are no exception.

Jianong Family Farm is located in Gaoxiang Village, Yeshan Town, Tianchang City, Anhui Province. It is one of the top ten local family farms, which makes the person in charge Chen Hongping very happy. As an "old-fashioned" farmer, Lao Chen’s family farm has read "three agricultural classics".

A classic, save money and increase efficiency. The operation scale of 345 mu of Jia Nong’s family farm can make the whole set of agricultural machinery and equipment work happily, which not only saves costs, but also provides appropriate agricultural machinery services to increase income. The new rice varieties introduced by the farm have achieved high quality and good price, and the income per mu has increased by more than 200 yuan.

Two classics, agricultural science and technology. Jia Nong’s family farm adheres to the green concept, adopts the rotation mode, selects new varieties, carries out agricultural prevention and control, and implements cultivation management techniques such as water saving and warming, which is not only environmentally friendly but also increases income.

Three classics, order agriculture. Through multi-party alliance, Jia Nong’s family farm allows itself to grow together with leading enterprises. Based on orders and contracts, family farms can not only form a close interest community with enterprises, but also drive large farmers and small farmers to participate in industrial management.

Zhao Yang said, give play to the role of typical demonstration, promote development through demonstration, summarize and popularize the demonstration models of different types of family farms, and improve the development quality of family farms.

Strengthen the establishment of demonstration family farms and carry out the establishment of demonstration counties of family farms. All localities should follow the principle of "voluntary declaration, merit-based recommendation, step-by-step audit and dynamic management", improve the working mechanism and carry out the creation of demonstration family farms. Relying on rural revitalization demonstration counties, agricultural green development pioneer areas, modern agricultural demonstration areas, etc., support the establishment of family farm demonstration counties where conditions permit, and promote the cultivation of family farms throughout the county.

Encourage all kinds of talents to set up family farms and guide family farms to develop cooperative management. Encourage local talents in rural areas, migrant workers who are willing to return to their hometowns and return to their hometowns, outstanding rural college graduates and scientific and technological personnel to set up family farms.

Huo Mi-cai, a villager in Dawopeng Village, caoshi, Qingyuan Manchu Autonomous County, Liaoning Province, is really not simple. His Mingyu family farm concentrates on rice, with an annual net income of 700,000 yuan. His "secret" lies in the fact that he can store 300-400 tons of grain in the farm’s storage by processing and increasing the value through his own production and operation and purchasing grain from small farmers!

The demonstration of family farms is in full swing all over the country. At present, Zhejiang insists on moderate scale and family management, and has launched 1204 demonstration family farms in the province. According to the system standard of cultivating family farms, 11,107 demonstration family farms have been established in Anhui Province.

Mechanism innovation

Small farms have become experimental fields for structural reform of agricultural supply side.

Where there are family farms, there are continuous deepening actions of structural reform on the supply side of agriculture. On the one hand, family farms deepen the structural reform of agricultural supply side, and the green concept runs through the whole process of agricultural production.

At first glance, the sweet potatoes in Kangyi Farm are growing happily, with green leaves and strong sweet potato vines intertwined like a giant green carpet.

The mechanism of circular agriculture is also introduced here, and a corncob is used twice, and the corncob raw material is used as a culture medium to cultivate fresh mushrooms; The waste from mushroom cultivation is used as organic fertilizer to produce a new mushroom culture medium, which ensures the organic nutrition of the culture medium and the green quality of the products, and improves the comprehensive benefits of planting.

On the other hand, family farms are refining the structural reform of agricultural supply side.

Zhejiang guides family farms to set up cooperatives, from single-handedness to group development, focusing on the reorganization of industry, market and property rights, guiding the main body to unite, and building a pagoda-like management main body system of "small farmers-family farms-cooperatives-agricultural leading enterprises". Starting with the supply of system, Hebei Province supports family farms to become better and stronger. This year, it co-ordinates more than 2 billion yuan of provincial-level financial funds related to agriculture, and develops provincial-level credit exclusive products, providing 2.17 billion yuan of guarantees for 4,317 cooperatives and family farms.

Deepening the structural reform of agricultural supply side in family farms will build a more perfect security system. The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs said that it is necessary to protect the land management rights of family farms in accordance with the law, improve the service system for the transfer of land management rights, and encourage the orderly transfer of land management rights to family farms. Protect the rights of both parties to land circulation according to law, guide both parties to reasonably determine the rent level, stabilize the relationship between land circulation, and effectively prevent the risk of land lease for family farms.

Deepening the supply-side structural reform of family farms will strengthen the construction of more perfect infrastructure. Zhao Yang said that family farms should be encouraged to participate in the construction of grain production functional zones, important agricultural products production protection zones, characteristic agricultural products advantage zones and modern agricultural industrial parks. Support family farms to participate in the construction of high-standard farmland and promote centralized contiguous management.

Yu Peiying is beaming with joy: "Counting accounts, the family farm of four people in my family has a per capita income of more than 50,000 yuan, which I didn’t even think about before. This is good, that is good, and it is not as good as income growth. This sweetness, that sweetness, is not as sweet as a purse! " (Reporter Gao Yuncai)

Expert Consultant: Zhang Zhifu, Senior Engineer of National Meteorological Information Center.

All night long, the city was covered with silver and snow-this is the winter picture that many people are looking forward to. According to the forecast of Beijing Meteorological Observatory,twelvemoon10Japan, Beijing will usher in2023The first large-scale obvious snowfall in the winter of 2008.

Are there fewer and fewer days of snow in Beijing?

In recent years, the biggest feeling of people living in Beijing is that there seems to be less and less snowfall. When I was a child, I could make a snowman and have a snowball fight in winter. Now it is hard to meet snowflakes. Let’s follow the meteorological data to see if there are really fewer snowy days in Beijing.

From the data of winter snowfall days in Beijing (Observatory Station) from 1961 to 2022, it can be seen that the year with the most snowfall observed in winter in Beijing was the winter of 1963, with a total of 29 days, and the second largest was the 27 days in 1968. The year with the least snowfall days appeared in the winter of 1982, with only three days, followed by the winters of 2006, 2010, 2013 and 2022, with only four days of snowfall in the whole winter.

In addition, since 2000, the annual average number of snowfall days in Beijing has decreased compared with that in the 20th century. Among the top 10 snowfall days in history, the years after 2000 accounted for 7 seats. Since 2000, there have been only three years in which the number of snowfall days has reached more than 20 days, namely, the winter of 2000 (22 days), the winter of 2002 (23 days) and the winter of 2012 (23 days).

At present, during the heavy snow solar term, as the temperature gradually drops, compared with the light snow solar term, the probability of snowfall in the heavy snow solar term is higher. According to the historical data of "Tianqing" of the National Meteorological Information Center, during the heavy snow solar term from 1991 to 2020, the average snowfall days in Beijing were 0.8 days, and the average precipitation was 0.92 mm.

How is the first snow day defined in Beijing?

According to the definition of the first snow day in Beijing (Trial), the first snow day in Beijing refers to the date when a large-scale snowfall occurred for the first time in Beijing. There are 20 national meteorological stations in Beijing, and there are five observation stations in the urban area, namely Observatory, Chaoyang, Haidian, Fengtai and Shijingshan.

Meet one of the following conditions can be identified as the first snow day in Beijing that year:

First, snowfall was observed at more than 10 stations in 20 manned weather stations in the city;

Second, snowfall has been observed at five observation stations in the urban area (Observatory, Chaoyang, Haidian, Fengtai and Shijingshan), or at three or more of the five stations in the urban area, and the snowfall of at least one station is ≥ 0.1mm..

When does the first snow usually come in Beijing?

According to statistics, the first snow in winter in Beijing mostly occurs in November and December. The average first snow day in Beijing from 1991 to 2020 is December 3rd.

The statistical period of the first snow day is from October 1st of that year to May 31st of the following year. In some years, the first snow only appears in January or February of the following year, so there will be new year’s eve. For example, the sunrise of the first snow in winter in 1970/1971 is now on January 19, 1971 (the years with the first snow in January and February are the following year of the statistical year).

According to statistics, since 1961, the earliest date of the first snowfall was October 31st of the winter of 1987/1988, which was the only snowfall in Beijing since 1961, one month earlier than the average first snowfall date.

The latest appearance date was February 11th of the following winter in 1983/1984, which was more than two months later than the average first snow date. It is worth mentioning that the first snow day ranks in the top five at the latest. Except for the winter of 1983/1984, the second to fifth snow days all appeared after 2010.

(Author: Su Jessie
Editor in charge: Yan Hong)

The change of SAA level has important clinical value for early diagnosis, risk assessment, curative effect observation and prognosis evaluation of infectious diseases.

Infectious diseases are common types of diseases in clinic. Infectious diseases are characterized by various pathogens, diverse infection routes and individual differences in symptoms and signs, which can lead to serious consequences if they are not diagnosed and treated effectively in time. Therefore, how to make early diagnosis and/or differential diagnosis of infectious diseases is a practical problem that needs to be solved urgently in clinic.

A(serum amyloid A (SAA) is a nonspecific acute phase reaction protein, and its clinical value as a marker of inflammation has been widely concerned in recent years.The change of SAA level has important clinical value for early diagnosis, risk assessment, curative effect observation and prognosis evaluation of infectious diseases.In addition to the increase in bacterial infection, SAA is also significantly increased in viral infection. According to the degree of increase or combined with other indicators, bacterial or viral infection can be indicated, thus making up for the deficiency that commonly used inflammatory markers can not indicate viral infection at present.

Clinical significance of SAA

1, rapid diagnosis of bacterial infection and virus infection;

2. SAA is more sensitive than CRP in the early stage of infection and weak inflammatory stimulation, which can provide better differentiation;

3. Sensitive reaction, which can be used as a sensitive index to reflect infection and inflammation control;

4. It is widely used in auxiliary diagnosis of infectious diseases, risk prediction of coronary heart disease, dynamic monitoring of curative effect and prognosis of tumor patients, monitoring of transplant rejection and monitoring of improvement of rheumatoid arthritis;

5. The combined detection of SAA, CRP and PCT can better reflect the complementary advantages, provide another basis for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of bacterial and viral infections, and better reflect the clinical value-added significance that can not be reflected by single indicators;

6. SAA combined with CRP can provide powerful data for the differential diagnosis of early bacterial and viral infections and guide the use of antibiotics;

7. Especially in the early diagnosis of infectious diseases in children and neonatal septicemia, it is more significant than single diagnosis in the early identification of bacterial and viral infections in infectious diseases in infants;

8. The increase of SAA and hs-CRP concentration may be positively correlated with the prediction of the risk of cardiovascular events in healthy people in the future, and the increase of both indexes is more significant for predicting the risk of cardiovascular events.

Clinical interpretation of SAA level

Summary of applicable departments, indications and clinical application of SAA

SAA is widely used in auxiliary diagnosis of infectious diseases, risk prediction of coronary heart disease, dynamic observation of curative effect and prognosis of tumor patients, observation of transplant rejection and observation of improvement of rheumatoid arthritis. Clinically, SAA concentration < 10 mg/L is normal, which is consistent with CRP reference range.

Early diagnosis of virus infection：SAA will increase rapidly in both bacterial and viral infections.CRP will only increase when there is bacterial infection. Based on this feature, the combined detection of SAA and CRP is more unique than that of CRP alone.For example, in two cases of fever caused by physical factors and cold caused by virus infection, CRP may be normal, and if SAA is increased, it may indicate that virus infection tends to increase.

Early diagnosis of bacterial infection;SAA index is more sensitive than CRP in early infection,It rises earlier and falls faster and more sharply when it recovers.In the early stage of infection, weak inflammatory stimulation SAA is more sensitive than CRP and can provide better differentiation.

Differential diagnosis between bacterial infection and virus infection;Simultaneous detection of both can provide powerful data for differential diagnosis of early bacterial and viral infections. Especially in the early diagnosis of infectious diseases in children and neonatal septicemia, it is more significant than single diagnosis in the early identification of bacterial and viral infections in infants and young children. As written in Laboratory Medicine, Volume 5, No.32, May 2017, Application of Serum Amyloid A and C-reactive Protein Detection in the Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases in Children:Combined detection of CRP and SAA can determine the type of infection more quickly and accurately, and provide effective laboratory basis for early diagnosis and follow-up treatment of diseases!

Risk predictors of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events:The increase of SAA and hs-CRP concentration may be positively correlated with predicting the risk of cardiovascular events in healthy people in the future.The increase of both indexes is more significant for predicting the risk of cardiovascular events.

Tumor severity and prognostic evaluation index：SAA in patients with many tumors, such as liver cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, endometrial cancer, etc., has increased to varying degrees.SAA level has obvious correlation with the active stage, malignant degree and metastasis of tumor, and the metastasis stage of malignant tumorSAAElevations usually show higher values than those in the stable phase of tumors.Therefore, SAA, as a non-specific index, can be used as an index for dynamic observation of curative effect and prognosis of tumor patients.

Preferred indicators for monitoring graft rejection;The change of SAA concentration is a very sensitive index for transplant rejection. Studies show that 97% of renal transplant rejection is based on the increase of SAA, while the CRP concentration changes little.thereforeSAA concentration can be used as the first choice to monitor rejection.

Infection/Inflammation Solutions

The combined detection of SAA, CRP and PCT can effectively distinguish bacterial infection from viral infection, predict the risk of cardiovascular events and evaluate the prognosis of tumor diseases.

Comparison of three markers

Author/Tank

In the film market in 1996, with the gradual popularization of television in ordinary families, journalists who reported films turned their attention to television. Similarly, social investors and institutions who like movies have also scattered their money bags on TV, which has led to TV dramas becoming a hot topic for film and television audiences. The film has only become a "minority carnival" in some first-and second-tier cities.

However, the film reform is still going on. The opening of the Sixth Plenary Session of the 14th CPC Central Committee, the convening of the National Film Work Conference and the promulgation of the "Regulations on Film Management" issued by the State Council have subtly changed the film market. In addition, it was also from this year that 5% of the movie box office was drawn as a special fund. Prior to this, the special fund was 5 cents per movie ticket, and with the average ticket price exceeding that of 2 yuan in 1996, this rule was improved accordingly.

However, the film market in 1996 was not as stable as expected.

The main theme film won the domestic film championship,

But was criticized by the leaders.

　 　　

Compared with the box office performance of record-breaking domestic films such as Red Cherry and Sunny Days in 1995, the domestic film market in 1996 can only be described as a fiasco. On the one hand, it may be because the large-scale influx of imported sub-accounts has raised the taste of the audience. On the other hand, it is really the quality of domestic films.

Indeed, since 1995, when imported blockbusters officially stimulated the film market in China, many state-owned studios also fell into panic, and both their investment ability, market grasp and internal management of enterprises were in an embarrassing situation. Even more than half of the state-owned studios can only maintain the situation by selling factory logos, renting venues and charging staff to lend labor fees. It is precisely because of the overall sluggishness of the domestic film market that in March of that year, the working conference of the National Film Bureau was held in Changsha. The market prospect of domestic films was discussed.

At the meeting, China filmmakers put forward the requirements of the boutique strategy, specifically the "Ninth Five-Year Plan", that is, during the "Ninth Five-Year Plan" period, 10 films were made every year, and a total of 50 boutique films were made in five years.

However, the "Ninth Five-Year Plan" has not become the turning point of China’s film quality, and the pressure of the film bureau leaders on various studios has not turned into the motivation of quality, but has become a misunderstanding of the creative concept. After the meeting in Changsha in March, studios quickly adjusted their creative themes, and at one time a large number of biographies describing the heroes of the times almost became hot topics. Because of the low production cost, many films gradually came out after two or three months. But it has become a new disaster in the history of China movies.

In 1996, among the top ten box offices in China, only one domestic film entered the list, ranking ninth, and it was also the main theme film "Kong Fansen" with group ticket bonus. The film produced by Shandong Film Studio is expected to reach 60 million party member X2 yuan (average ticket price) = 120 million box office before release, setting a new box office record for domestic film history, but the film ended with only 36 million yuan.

In the academic journal The Art of Film, which is sponsored by the China Federation of Literary and Art Circles and specializes in film criticism and film theory research, Mr. Gao Jun commented that China doesn’t need too many domestic films of the type of Kong Fansen-"The hero theme can take many forms, including poetry, radio dramas, feature films, reportage, etc., and the film art has its own special rules, so it is not necessary to make all films."

The relevant leaders of the Film Bureau also criticized at the conclusion meeting at the end of the year, arguing that Kong Fansen had nothing to do with the film marketization, and even announced the water injection rate of the film. "Red-headed documents are pioneers, and group booking is the main source of its box office. According to the data reported by more than 20 provinces across the country, only about 5% of the audience pay for their own movies, while the proportion in Beijing is even only 0.51%." As a result, the situation that the film is full of seats is very serious throughout the country, wasting a lot of party fees and union dues as a supplement to the film market, which is contrary to the development law of socialist market economy.

To the surprise of all filmmakers at that time, 23 years later, such films have become the absolute mainstream of the domestic film market.

China Film lost its monopoly on imported films.

　 　

The discussion about China Film’s monopoly on imported sub-accounts has been discussed since 1994. Later, we know that the establishment of Huaxia in 2003 partially ended the monopoly of China Film’s import sub-accounts, but in fact, in 1996, the relevant reforms had tried to break this deadlock.

In 1996, 54 imported films were issued nationwide, of which 51 were issued by China Film, and the other three were Long Film, North Film and Shanghai Film, each of which issued some accounts.

However, the practice in those days was not dominated by these three state-owned companies. Instead, China Film Company still signed contracts with foreign investors, and then the three state-owned film companies signed agency distribution contracts with China Film Company respectively, and then distributed them independently throughout the country. Changying, Beiying and Shangying respectively chose Future Water World, The Game of the Brave and Toy Story to distribute in different accounts throughout the country. All three films have achieved good results, but this distribution model has not been systematically promoted on a large scale afterwards.

Jackie Chan’s never to lose 4, the box office champion in 1996, was translated into Bai Jinlong and introduced to the mainland of China in that year. Like Hongfan District, this film was also introduced during the Spring Festival in parallel with the Hong Kong market. Although the film did not achieve the success of "Hong Fan District", it still achieved 80 million box office results. In terms of imported movies, action movies still occupy the dominant position in the market, such as Tornado, Broken Arrow, Game of the Brave, Adventure Island, Mission Impossible, Future Water World, etc. Except The Bridges of Madison County, all other imported movies are action, adventure and sci-fi movies, which are basically consistent with the current imported film market. Among the Hong Kong films, Jackie Chan’s film is the most appealing, which has obvious advantages over other films.

In first-and second-tier cities, imported films have become the absolute main force of the market. In Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou, the box office revenue of imported films has reached more than 70-80% of the whole year. This phenomenon will continue for more than five years.

Market polarization is serious,

Where is the next step of reform?

　 　

With the gradual opening of the market, the competition intensifies. The polarization of China film market is becoming increasingly obvious.

In addition to the polarization of box office volume between domestic films and imported sub-accounts films, the polarization of ticket warehouse market is also intensifying. Developed provinces and big cities began to occupy more and more market share. Take the comparison between 1995 and 1996 as an example: among the 32 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in China, the top five provinces and municipalities accounted for 49% of the total box office in 1995, and the top ten accounted for 68%; In 1996, the top five provinces and cities rose to 56%, and the top ten provinces and cities rose to 75%, and the gap was getting bigger and bigger.

The beginning and end effects of the cinema are becoming more and more obvious. In 1996, there were about 500 cinemas in China, and the top 100 cinemas accounted for more than 35% of the box office. Of course, this was the overall trend of reform and opening up at that time. Let some people get rich first, that is, let some cities or cinemas prosper first. Polarization is also a normal phenomenon caused by fierce competition in the market.

Star Studios, since 1996, have also received more and more attention from the industry.

Among them, Shanghai Daguangming Studio is the first studio in China. This cinema alone has an annual box office output of 20 million, which is 1.69% of the national box office. The capital cinema, which is the number one in Beijing, scored exactly 20 million in 1996.

However, compared with the polarization of ticket warehouses, how to really produce good domestic blockbusters became the most puzzling problem for China filmmakers at that time. The problems faced during the period of institutional reform of the film industry were complicated, and how to carry out macro-control. The "Ninth Five-Year Plan" failed, and the rule that the number of domestic films and the proportion of films should account for more than two-thirds of the overall market at Changsha Conference has almost become a dead letter, but the road of "boutique strategy" for domestic films cannot be changed. Maybe the movie market in 1997 will give us a surprise?

–

　　Cctv newsOn May 25th, the 72nd World Health Assembly in Geneva, Switzerland, deliberated and adopted the 11th Revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11), which included traditional medicine originated from traditional Chinese medicine for the first time. This is a valuable achievement made by the government of China and Chinese medicine experts after more than 10 years of continuous efforts. This news is expected, and related reports were as early as June 2018; But it is also a milestone. As a great invention of the Chinese nation, Chinese medicine is a precious gift from China to the world, which shows that it is being recognized more and more widely.

　　Incorporated for the first time in the past hundred years

　　The Director-General’s Report of the World Health Organization points out that ICD-11 includes a report entitled "Traditional medical diseases and syndromes &mdash; &mdash; The supplementary chapter of Module 1 classifies the traditional medical diseases and syndromes that originated in ancient China and are widely used in China, Japanese, Korean and other countries. Incorporating supplementary chapters on traditional medicine into the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) enables people to make statistics on traditional medical services and medical treatment for the first time, evaluate its form, frequency, effectiveness and safety, and compare it with mainstream medicine and research.

　　ICD is an internationally unified disease classification standard formulated and promulgated by WHO. It is the normative standard of disease classification for governments in medical treatment, management, teaching, scientific research and policy making, and it is one of the authoritative foundations and general standards in the global health field. After a hundred years, ICD has been revised 10 times, and this is the first time that Chinese medicine has been included in the "International Classification of Diseases" in the past hundred years.

　　150 diseases and 196 syndromes in traditional medicine are included in the chapters of traditional medicine, and words describing TCM syndromes such as "Yin deficiency" and "Yang deficiency" are listed. After being included in ICD, the relevant data can be collected not only from China, but also more widely in the world, so it can provide more and more reliable basis for the clinical research of traditional Chinese medicine.

　　International exchanges and cooperation highlight business cards.

　　In the exhibition area of the Life Experience Hall of the Beijing World Expo, almost half a floor was used to display the contents related to traditional Chinese medicine.

　　On May 22nd, the State Council held a press conference in China International Fair for Trade in Services in 2019. When answering a reporter’s question, Vice Minister of Commerce Wang Bingnan said that a number of new characteristic service trade bases should be established in the fields of digital services and traditional Chinese medicine services, so as to promote the formation of a new pattern of "one pilot, one demonstration and multiple bases".

　　Chinese medicine has already gone to the world. In recent years, with the improvement of China’s comprehensive national strength, the spread and status of Chinese medicine overseas are also constantly improving, and the internationalization process is also entering the fast lane.

　　In October 2015, Tu Youyou, a Chinese medicine scientist, won the Nobel Prize for his invention of artemisinin, becoming the first Chinese to win the Nobel Prize in science.

　　In August 2016, at the Rio Olympic Games, cupping and acupuncture unexpectedly became popular as "artifacts" and were sought after by many Olympic athletes, including swimming superstar Phelps and gymnast Alex. Ancient Chinese medicine physical therapy methods have become the focus.

　　In December 2016, the State Council Information Office published Chinese Medicine in China. This is the first time that the Chinese government has published a white paper on the development of Chinese medicine.

　　According to state administration of traditional chinese medicine, at present, Chinese medicine has spread to 183 countries and regions. China has signed special cooperation agreements on Chinese medicine with more than 40 foreign governments, regions and organizations, established a number of overseas Chinese medicine centers in countries and regions related to the Belt and Road Initiative, and opened hundreds of Chinese medicine colleges and universities in more than 30 countries and regions.

　　In addition, Chinese medicine has actively participated in the free trade zone negotiations between China and 14 countries and regions, in order to reduce the market access of Chinese medicine and reduce trade barriers. Chinese medicine has become a bright business card for China’s international exchanges and cooperation.

　　It is reported that Chinese medicine has been included in the framework of high-level cooperation with the United States, Russia, Britain, Germany, France, Canada, Italy and other countries; The mechanism of traditional medicine cooperation meeting between China, South Korea, Singapore and Malaysia has been established. China’s cooperation with the World Health Organization, International Organization for Standardization, Central and Eastern European countries, ASEAN, SCO, BRICS and other multilateral institutions in the fields of national policy formulation, scientific research and standardization of traditional medicine is also constantly strengthening.

　　Open the second pulse of "Ren Du"

　　I still remember the movie "Scraping" that year. Grandpa used the traditional Chinese medicine "scraping" therapy to treat his grandson, but the red mark on his skin limb was regarded as child abuse in the United States. Over the years, the traditional medical field has worked tirelessly, but it is still difficult to become the international mainstream medicine. Experts believe that bringing traditional medicine into ICD is like opening up the second pulse of Ren Du, which is a milestone.

　　Zhang Qi, director of the Department of Traditional Medicine, Complementary Medicine and Integrated Medicine of WHO, said that the inclusion of traditional medicine in ICD marks the recognition of the value of this part of traditional medicine, including Chinese medicine and its origin, by the whole international public health system represented by WHO, and also recognizes the fact that Chinese medicine is being used more and more in China and internationally.

　　Zhang Boli, an academician of China Academy of Engineering and president of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, believes that this is conducive to the international exchange and cooperation of traditional Chinese medicine, promotes the integration and development of traditional Chinese medicine with the medical and health systems of other countries in the world, and lays a foundation for countries around the world to know, understand and use traditional Chinese medicine, which has very important practical significance and far-reaching historical significance.

　　More and more foreign "small partners" believe that while using Chinese medicine, more and more foreigners have embarked on the road of studying Chinese medicine. The inclusion of ICD will also be more conducive to their study.

　　Just a few days ago, during the Asian Civilization Dialogue Conference, Hu Man, an Iranian "foreign traditional Chinese medicine", who was invited to attend the conference, talked about his personal experience: Chinese medicine is traditional medicine, and it has a lot to do with culture. In his view, acupuncture is China’s and the world’s. I hope that through my own efforts, more people will feel the charm of Chinese medicine.

　　Huggins, a Brazilian student, suffered from stomach trouble, and his martial arts teacher cured him with Chinese medicine. Since then, Higgins has been fascinated by Chinese medicine. Now, he has opened the Brazilian College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, hoping to spread Chinese medicine culture in the South American continent.

　　Standardization has a long way to go.

　　In the Museum of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Huqingyutang, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, there are countless specimens of Chinese herbal medicines, and one of the display cabinets contains the identification of the authenticity of Chinese herbal medicines. In that year, there were as many as four kinds of common fakes of Cordyceps sinensis alone.

　　With the change of environment, the way of collection has changed from wild to planting, and some genuine medicinal materials are no longer authentic. In addition, Chinese medicine and western medicine are two different theoretical systems, and the unclear effective components, unclear mechanism of action and lack of quality standards of Chinese medicine have always restricted the internationalization of Chinese medicine.

　　In January, 2010, the secretariat of the Technical Committee of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO/TC249) settled in Shanghai, and China began to gradually grasp the leading role of international standardization of traditional Chinese medicine. This is also a world discourse right in the field of traditional Chinese medicine.

　　In May 2017, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) officially released "Chinese Medicine &mdash; &mdash; Panax notoginseng medicinal materials, which is the first international standard for quality evaluation of medicinal products led by China. Subsequently, Chinese herbal medicines such as Artemisia argyi, Ganoderma lucidum, Radix Isatidis, Dendrobium candidum and Gastrodia elata have successively obtained international standards.

　　In recent years, a number of traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions have been accepted by European and American markets better and faster by defining the effective substances and establishing standardized production chains. China has gone further and further on the road of promoting international standardization of traditional Chinese medicine. Zhang Weidong, director of the Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry of the Department of Pharmacy, China Naval Medical University, believes that it is very important to let the world know about traditional Chinese medicine by modern scientific and technological means.

　　According to reports, ICD11, which is included in Chinese medicine this time, is designed to be more easily integrated with electronic health records and information systems, which will help shorten the transition period for the promotion and application of traditional medicine such as Chinese medicine in Europe and America. Experts believe that this achievement is also helpful for the standardized development of Chinese medicine itself. Dou Danbo, a professor at Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, said that in view of the wide service population of traditional Chinese medicine, it will be beneficial to the supervision of traditional Chinese medicine, the safety of traditional Chinese medicine and the comparison of curative effects of traditional Chinese medicine.

　　The integration of Chinese medicine into ICD is only the first step, and it still needs to be strengthened in standardization and international cooperation for a long time. As Academician Zhang Boli said, the official release of ICD-11 will help our country to establish a morbidity statistics network which is connected with international standards and reflects the information of Chinese medicine health service, show the ability and position of Chinese medicine service in China’s health service from the perspective of statistical analysis, and also comprehensively reflect the situation of Chinese medicine providing services to people all over the world.

　　The acupuncture bronze man for ancient medical study displayed by Beijing World Expo.

　　Chinese medicine, as a "health messenger" connected with people’s hearts, has taken root and blossomed in the hearts of people all over the world.

　　(Comprehensive from: Xinhuanet, CCTV News, state administration of traditional chinese medicine website, Changjiang Daily)

Fast Science and Technology reported on January 4th that Tank 300, as the domestic off-road "online celebrity Car", has a sales volume of 10,000 vehicles all the year round. However, the PHEV plug-in version of this car has not been launched for a long time, which makes many car owners waiting for money very anxious.

According to domestic media reports, Gu Yukun, executive deputy general manager of the Great Wall TANK brand, said when talking about the listing time of the tank 300 Hi4-T in Weibo recently:"300 is currently in global supply, close to full capacity, and is coordinating production capacity resources. It is expected to be listed after the Spring Festival."

This year’s Spring Festival holiday is from February 10th to February 17th. From the time point of view, the tank 300 Hi4-T will be listed in late February at the earliest.

Prior to this, the tank 300PHEV plug-in version has appeared in the new car declaration catalogue of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and the car will also be the tank 300 Hi4-T version.

It is equipped with the same 2.0T engine and ternary lithium battery pack as the tank 500 Hi4-T,The total energy of the power battery pack is 37.11kWh, matching the vertical 9HAT gearbox.The maximum power is 185kW, which is stronger than the 167kW of 2.0T on the current fuel version.

The battery life is 105 kilometers, and the fuel consumption is 2.29L/100km. Based on the price of No.92 gasoline in Beijing today, it only takes about 17 cents to run one kilometer.

However, this is the fuel consumption of the vehicle under WLTC condition, and the fuel consumption should be above 5L/100km when driving in urban areas or off-road conditions.

Even so, compared with the fuel consumption of 9-10L/100km in the urban area of the fuel tank 300, the fuel consumption level of the tank 300 Hi4-T version will be greatly reduced, and the competitiveness of the vehicle will be enhanced simultaneously.

Writing/Photo courtesy of Liu Zhirong

You can’t always stay at home, but you have to travel, or commute to work, or go on business trips, sightseeing, and travel can’t be separated from subways, railways and highways. When you take subways, trains and highways, have you ever wondered: How are those tunnels dug through them?

Early tunnel excavation was manual plus blasting.

In the past, the way of tunnel excavation was manual excavation and blasting. For soil layer and gravel geology, manual excavation was used, and tools such as pickaxe and shovel were used to excavate the tunnel face. As far as rock geology is concerned, pickaxes and shovels can’t be dug, so it is necessary to use explosives to blast rocks at the tunnel face, and then transport the gravel out of the tunnel.

"Face" is a civil construction term, which refers to the excavation face that keeps advancing during tunnel construction.

As far as subway tunnels are concerned, in the past, the "open excavation and landfill method" technology was mostly adopted, that is, the street was destroyed first, and a ditch was dug by uncovering the cover, and then the tunnel wall was poured in the ditch. After the tunnel was built, it was buried and compacted with earthwork, and the street was repaired again. In the early days of Chinese mainland, the subway tunnel was excavated by "open excavation and landfill method", and later the "shield machine excavation method" was adopted. Shield machine was used to dig tunnels in the construction of Guangzhou’s first subway line (Line 1).

In the past hundred years, shield machines have gradually become popular in tunnel excavation. At present, shield machines are basically used in long tunnel excavation.

Britain used a shield machine to dig tunnels in 1825.

"Shield machine" is a name in China, generally known as "tunnel boring machine" (TBM) internationally, and "mole" in civil engineering jargon, because it digs holes underground like a mole.

In 1825, Britain used a shield machine when digging the Thames Tunnel. This shield machine was invented by Sir Mark issam Bald brunell, a French-born British engineer, and he applied for a patent for the shield machine. The Thames Tunnel is 396 meters long and passes through the Thames River in London.

In 1845, the international railway from France to Italy was opened. This railway ran across the Alps, and it was necessary to dig the Freres Tunnel at an altitude of 1,123 meters. This tunnel was 14 kilometers long, which was the longest tunnel in the world at that time. The tunnel ran through the Freres Peak at an altitude of 2,932 meters, that is to say, the maximum thickness of the rock above the tunnel was 1,809 meters.

In order to build this tunnel, Henry Joseph Mauss invented the "mountain cutting machine", which was manufactured in an arsenal near Turin, Italy in 1846. The "mountain cutter" looks like a locomotive, with more than 100 vibrating drill bits in front, which are used to smash the rocks on the face. "Mountain cutting machine" already has some functions of modern shield machine.

In 1853, ebenezer Talbot, an American, applied for the patent of shield machine, and the patent name was "Tunnel Boring Machine".

In 1870, john D bruton, an Englishman, developed and manufactured a shield machine with cutter head, which is very close to the shield machine widely used now.

In 1875, the French National Assembly passed a bill to build the English Channel Tunnel, and the British shield machine was selected for excavation. From June 1882 to March 1883, the shield machine excavated 1882 meters on the British side; Alexander Lavalle, a French contractor who built the Suez Canal, used a shield machine to dig 1,669 meters on the French side. Practice has proved that the efficiency of tunneling with shield machine is very high. However, the project was terminated in 1883 because France was later worried that Britain would use the English Channel Tunnel to attack France.

The success of shield machine in the English Channel Tunnel has inspired many civil engineers. In 1883, Britain used a shield machine to dig the tunnel under the Mersey River from Biegenheit to Liverpool, with a diameter of 2.1 meters and a length of 2 kilometers.

In the 20th century, people constantly improved the shield machine. Nowadays, all kinds of shield machines are constantly running in tunnel projects all over the world every day.

How does the shield machine dig the tunnel?

It is easier to understand the working principle of shield machine from its international common name "tunnel drilling rig": it is a big drilling rig that drills a hole in the ground or mountain.

Shield machine can be regarded as the largest construction machinery in civil engineering, with a large diameter of 178 meters and a length of more than 100 meters. The front of the shield machine is a huge cutter head with cutter head array. When driving, the cutter head rotates to cut the earth and stone on the tunnel face, and the muck flows into the muck bin from the gap of the cutter head, which is conveyed to the belt conveyor by the screw machine, and then transferred to another longer belt conveyor to transport it to the muck disposal site outside the tunnel, or transported to the tunnel by the track muck truck.

Readers with a little common sense should understand that if there is no thrust behind the cutter head, it is impossible to cut the earth and stone on the face. So, how to give the cutter head thrust?

This thrust comes from the hydraulic jack of the shield machine. If the tunnel is excavated on hard rock, two huge hydraulic jacks on the shield machine lean backward against the rock walls on both sides of the excavated tunnel and push the cutter head forward to cut the tunnel face.

If the tunnel is dug in the soft geological layer, the above method cannot be used, because the hydraulic jack will sink into the soft tunnel wall and cannot provide thrust. At this time, it is necessary to use another method to make several small hydraulic jacks push against the lining segment installed at the back at the same time to provide thrust for the cutter head horizontally forward, which is also a common shield method in subway tunnels at present.

The lining segment is the reinforced concrete precast member on the tunnel surface that we can see with our naked eyes in the tunnel. These segments are made in the ground reinforced concrete precast yard. After the segment is transported into the tunnel mouth, there is no need for manual intervention, and the transportation to installation is completely automatic.

The width of the lining segment should match the distance that the hydraulic jack advances each time, that is to say, the width of the segment is as many centimeters as the hydraulic jack advances each time. When the hydraulic jack is pushed to the end, the cutterhead stops rotating to cut the tunnel face, and segments are assembled around the tunnel in the shield section of the shield machine. The segment assembling machine on the shield machine is as dexterous as a human hand, movable, rotatable and retractable, which can assemble segments in place steadily and safely with accuracy of millimeter level.

When assembling a segment, several hydraulic jacks responsible for jacking the segment will contract, leaving a certain space for assembling the segment. After the segments are assembled in place, the hydraulic jack will stretch out and gently hold it, and so on until all segments in this circle are assembled in place. At this point, all the hydraulic jacks began to pressurize evenly, and together with the newly assembled segment, the cutter head was pushed forward by the reaction force to continue cutting the working face and move forward.

During the construction of the shield machine, the cutterhead cuts the tunnel face and assembles segments alternately, and the whole shield machine moves forward step by step under the push of the hydraulic jack until the tunnel is dug through. If the geology is soft, tens of meters can be excavated every day; If you encounter hard rocks, you can only dig dozens of centimeters every day.

The gap between the lining segment and the tunnel wall should be filled with mortar to reinforce the segment, maintain the stability of the whole lining and prevent water from leaking into the tunnel.

The series of complicated processes mentioned above are all completed automatically by the shield machine. There is a central control room in the shield machine, and all key parts of the shield machine have sensors, which transmit the collected data to the central control room. Operators can know the working situation of the shield machine through various data displayed on the display and intervene when necessary.

The cutter head on the cutter head should be maintained and replaced frequently. There is also a sensor on the cutter head. When the temperature of the cutter head rises to a certain value, it will send an alarm signal to the central control room.

How does the shield machine turn in the tunnel?

After reading this, some readers may ask, can the shield machine turn in the tunnel?

Of course you can. Most urban subway tunnels are excavated under the streets, and the tunnels are designed along the streets, with constant turns and "jumping up and down" according to the underground conditions. Highway and railway tunnels should also be selected according to landform, geology and hydrology, which also requires the shield machine to turn 360 degrees.

The turning of shield machine is realized by changing the cutting direction of cutter head with lining segment. Where a turn is needed, the width of each ring of lining segment is different. If turning to the left, the width of the right segment is designed to be wider than that of the left segment according to the turning radius. In this way, the hydraulic jack on the right will tilt the cutter head to the left to realize the left turning. If turning right, the width of the left segment is designed to be wider than that of the right segment according to the turning radius, so that the hydraulic jack on the left will tilt the cutter head to the right and realize the right turn. The steering principle of "jumping up and down" is the same as above.

At present, the largest shield machine in the world has a diameter of 17.5 meters.　　

On September 15th, 2006, the Niagara Tunnel, which was used for water diversion irrigation in Canada, was drilled. The tunnel was 10.2km long and passed 140m underground in Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada. The shield machine used was "Big Becky" made by Robbins Company of the United States, with a diameter of 14.4m. The cutter head was driven by 15 motors with a power of 4.7 million watts (6,375 horsepower), which was the largest shield machine in the world at that time. The reason why tunnels should be dug in such a deep underground is to prevent shield construction from affecting ground buildings.

In 2011, the 5030-meter-long Spavo Tunnel near Florence, Italy was drilled. The rock shield machine used was Martina produced by Herrick Company of Germany. The shield has a diameter of 15.62 meters, a length of 130 meters, a weight of 4,500 tons, a cross-section of 192 square meters, a total power of 18 megawatts and a thrust of 40,000 tons. Herrick also designed a shield machine with a diameter of 19.25 meters, but it has not yet been built.

Bertha, a shield machine made by Hitachi Shipbuilding Co., Ltd. in Japan in 2012, has a diameter of 17.5 meters, a length of 110 meters and a weight of 7,000 tons. The cutter head has 260 cutter heads. This shield machine was ordered by the Washington State Transportation Bureau of the United States and used to replace the tunnel excavation of Alaska Viaduct on Highway 99 (the upper and lower lanes of the tunnel), which is by far the largest shield machine in the world.

Advantages and disadvantages of shield tunneling

There are many advantages in tunneling with shield machine. It is not affected by ground factors and can be constructed all day; It also does not destroy the ground buildings, cultural relics and natural environment, and belongs to ecological and environmental protection construction; Because the excavation, muck discharge and lining segment are all automated, a lot of labor is saved and the accident risk is reduced.

The main disadvantage of tunneling with shield machine is that the initial investment cost is too high. Most shield machines are customized according to tunnel design drawings, with long construction preparation period, high maintenance cost, and low economic benefits of tunneling short tunnels. Generally speaking, the tunnel length is more than 1 km, which has economic benefits.

Finally, the shield machine can not only dig circular tunnels, but also be designed to dig tunnels with arbitrary cross sections, such as rectangular tunnels and elliptical tunnels. People also use shield machines to dig water pipelines, sewage and drainage pipelines, and even power pipelines.

　　　　Biological samples collected from the dead China woman’s body on the "Blagoveshchensk-Moscow" train, as well as laboratory analysis data in the carriage, have arrived in Moscow.

　　　　Onishchenko, director of the Russian Consumer Rights Protection and Public Welfare Supervision Bureau and chief epidemic prevention physician of the Russian Federation, made the above statement on Thursday, according to the Russian new network news.

　　　　He said that the inspection will be conducted simultaneously in two specialized laboratories of the Ministry of Health and one laboratory of the Ministry of National Defense.

　　　　He pointed out that due to the death of a woman in China on the train, the health department started the traditional epidemic prevention emergency mechanism.

　　　　On the morning of April 15th, a 24-year-old Russian woman died unexpectedly while riding a long-distance train from the Russian Far East city of Blagoveshchensk to Moscow. Fifty-one Russian migrant workers and two Russian train attendants were sent to the local infectious disease hospital for isolation observation when the train stopped at the Kirov station. It is reported that the final destination of these China migrant workers is Kaluga.

　　　　This incident has attracted great attention from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of China. On April 16th, Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Jiang Yu said at a regular press conference that the Ministry of Foreign Affairs attached great importance to the situation that "a Russian woman may have died of pneumonia while taking a train in China".

Editor: Li Xiuwei

　　Every year, on the eve of the college entrance examination, there will always be some old news and news of the college entrance examination that have been repeatedly proved to be false on the Internet, misleading candidates and the public. To this end, the education department, the online information department and the public security organs have combed and summarized the fake news and false information of the college entrance examination with the highest frequency of "cold rice and hot speculation" over the years, and reminded the majority of netizens that behind these rumors are scams carefully designed by unscrupulous merchants, websites and even recidivists. The three departments specially remind candidates and parents to distinguish between rumors and beware of being deceived. I hope that all websites will not provide a platform for rumors, and I hope that netizens will not believe or spread rumors.

　　First, spend money to buy college entrance examination questions and answers.

　　Every year, criminals peddle so-called "true college entrance examination questions" and "top secret answers" on phishing websites, flaunting seductive information such as "extremely high accuracy" and "refund for breach of contract", and asking users to pay in advance in the name of "advance deposit". There are also those who claim that they can pay "gunmen" to take the test. Some criminals send viruses to users’ computers or mobile phones in the name of transmitting "sample test papers" to obtain user information.

　　Case: On the eve of the college entrance examination in 2018, the police in Hohhot cracked a case of selling so-called "college entrance examination questions". It is reported that under the name of QQ, some people have established a large number of QQ groups such as "2018 college entrance examination internal questions", hyped up the sale of college entrance examination original questions at the price of each set of 300 yuan, and ensured that "half of the real questions in each subject" and "get the real questions in the college entrance examination at 6 am on June 6, and send them out on time at 5 pm". After grasping conclusive evidence, the police handling the case arrested the suspect Dai Moumou. After the trial, the suspect Dai Moumou confessed to his fraud. Dai confessed that the so-called college entrance examination questions are actually a set of simulated college entrance examination papers purchased online at the price of each set of 200 yuan.

　　Reminder: The college entrance examination questions belong to the national top secret materials, and their storage and transportation have strict management measures. All personnel who come into contact with the examination papers are subject to closed management. The majority of candidates and parents should not be lucky, and do not believe that the so-called college entrance examination questions and answers are obtained in advance. Buying so-called "true college entrance examination questions" and "top secret answers" online are all false information released by scammers. It is illegal to buy classified materials, so don’t try.

　　The Criminal Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) clearly stipulates that it is illegal to "organize cheating", "provide cheating equipment or other help for others to commit the crime mentioned in the preceding paragraph", "illegally sell or provide the test questions and answers specified in the first paragraph to others for the purpose of cheating in the exam" and "replace others or let others take the test specified in the first paragraph instead of themselves".

　　Second, look for candidates who have lost their admission tickets

　　Every year, on the day of the college entrance examination, the information lost by the candidates’ admission ticket will be circulated on the Internet. After seeing it, the majority of netizens were anxious for the candidates and quickly forwarded it in the group and friends circle, forming a public opinion with a large influence in a short time. After the incident, the education department quickly verified that some candidates did not lose their documents at all, and some information did not match completely, which can be said to be basically false information. The public security organs also confirmed that the left mobile phone numbers are generally fraudulent calls. Fraudsters make up stories to cheat social kindness. If a good-hearted person calls back according to the phone number and operates according to the phone prompt tone, he may fall into the trap of charging.

　　Case: In 2016, "My friend picked up an admission ticket, so please inform me if you know it: name: Bai Yaqian, test center: No.1 Middle School, examination room: 013, seat number: 11, admission ticket number: 204101311, contact number: 159 * * * 8941, spread, spread, don’t delay the children’s college entrance examination. Help others leave a lingering fragrance! " This is a false news that has been circulating on the Internet for many years. In 2017, there were many lost information about the admission ticket, and those who lost the admission ticket were Liu Mingwei, Yang Leilei, Sun Chao and Dang Xilong. In 2018, "Liu Mingxi" and "Liu Mingting" students lost the admission ticket again, and the content completely copied the routines of previous years.

　　Reminder: After seeing similar information, it is recommended to contact the report phone number published by the candidate’s middle school or provincial admissions examination institutions for confirmation. It is not recommended to forward it without verification, or to call the contact phone number left after the information.

　　Third, the marking teacher only cares about the progress, regardless of right or wrong.

　　Every year after the end of the college entrance examination, before and after the results are announced, there are always people on the internet who speculate that the marking work of the college entrance examination in a certain place is extremely serious, and the marking teachers even mark it indiscriminately, regardless of right or wrong. Facts have proved that people who post these posts are often out of curiosity, and some candidates and parents who have a large or unsatisfactory gap in college entrance examination results think that there is something wrong with marking and arbitrarily guess the information.

　　Case: In a well-known forum, there was a post "The college entrance examination marking teacher risked his life to expose the inside story, so the future of students was delayed". The poster claimed to have participated in marking the college entrance examination in a province, and the marking teacher only wanted to catch up with the progress, or ignored the confusion, or "approved the composition in one minute", disregard for human life. This post is related to the content of the college entrance examination, attracting attention and quickly becoming a hot spot, which is reprinted in major forums. Some netizens shouted, "No wonder their scores in the college entrance examination were lower than expected, so that’s how they were cheated." The education department and the public security organs quickly checked people. According to the poster, it was just for fun, to attract netizens’ attention and improve their popularity. They didn’t participate in the marking of the college entrance examination themselves. Some of them listened to rumors and made their own interpretations. They realized the seriousness of the matter and deleted the content themselves and apologized to the society.

　　Reminder: marking the college entrance examination papers is a very serious job. At present, the popular "online marking" embodies fairness and justice from system design to actual operation. For example, most provincial marking teachers have to pass the "three levels", that is, the qualification level. All middle school teachers who participate in marking work must be backbone teachers with the title of middle school education level or above. The head of the department and the head of the topic are university teachers with high academic level, rich teaching experience and the title of associate professor or above. Those who do not meet the above qualifications are not allowed to participate in marking; Training pass, all marking teachers must be trained in marking standards, master the marking standards and requirements, and those who have not participated in the marking standards training are not allowed to participate in marking work; All marking teachers must pass the examination. Before marking, each marking teacher must pass at least 7 of the 10 assessment papers. In the marking process, irregular assessments are also made. If the two assessments fail, no formal marking is allowed. Before the formal marking, a trial marking should be conducted, and scientific and reasonable scoring rules should be formulated according to the scoring reference and the actual situation of the candidates’ answers, and the formal marking should be strictly implemented in accordance with the scoring rules. The system of "one person evaluates one question" is generally implemented to ensure the quality of marking. For Chinese and English compositions, the system of "double evaluation" by different teachers is adopted. If the "double evaluation" exceeds a certain error, it will be submitted to the third teacher for "three evaluation" to ensure the accuracy and effectiveness of the evaluation. In addition, there are strict marking quality monitoring procedures to check, review and correct the marking quality of the marking staff throughout the process.Supervise and correct the phenomenon that the grading teacher may have different understanding of leniency and strictness in marking.

　　Fourth, big data volunteers, charging sky-high consulting fees.

　　On the eve of volunteering for the college entrance examination every year, there are always intermediaries or websites claiming to master internal big data. Local education examination institutes have made it clear that they have not cooperated with any social organizations or enterprises. According to the requirements of the Ministry of Education for information disclosure, the examination institutes have made public the enrollment plan, admission results and other data, and issued volunteer reference materials to candidates for research and reporting before applying for volunteers. The so-called "internal big data" of merchants is purely a rumor, which is nothing more than a marketing slogan. The accuracy of its data needs to be scrutinized, and there are some uncertain factors in voluntary reporting, such as the performance of candidates in this college entrance examination will affect the changes in their scores, and other candidates’ voluntary reporting.

　　Case: An education and training institution advertises on its website, such as "Fill in the volunteers accurately" and "Don’t waste a penny". Candidates can buy VIP cards with different denominations, such as 20,000 yuan and 10,000 yuan, and enjoy one-on-one "accurate" guidance. After the college entrance examination, the reporter interviewed the candidates and parents who bought VIP cards. The candidates and parents generally reported that the volunteer guidance provided by the company was not professional enough, and some data were inaccurate. However, the admission data of the past three years, the open interpretation of volunteering skills and the close attention to the admission dynamic information of the examination institute issued by the education department are more accurate and practical.

　　Reminder: Parents and classmates are advised to be cautious and vigilant when reporting these volunteer apps and advertisements.

　　Five, you can spend money to change the college entrance examination results.

　　Every year, after the college entrance examination, candidates and parents are introduced by acquaintances or learned on the Internet, so that they can get to know the experts who can enter the high-level recruitment system through hackers, modify the college entrance examination results, and ask for high-priced "service fees" at the same time, so that students can get satisfactory results.

　　Case: After the end of the college entrance examination in 2015, Qinhuai police found that there were fraud cases in the area where the score was changed as bait. Ms. Zhang and Mr. Liu, who live in Qinhuai District, were cheated out of nearly 10,000 yuan. After being detected by the police, the suspect Zhang confessed that he posted information as a "hacker" on the Internet, claiming that he could modify the scores of college entrance examinations and college exams, and asked the victims for "service fees" ranging from thousands to tens of thousands of yuan. People have been fooled in recent years.

　　Reminder: Online posts claiming to be able to modify college entrance examination scores are pure scams. The so-called hacker intrusion modification score is not technically feasible. Because the online marking of college entrance examination is not on the internet, but on the intranet, there is no possibility of external hacking. Before the candidates’ scores are released, the original data are archived and backed up in different places. After being released through the network, the examination institute will monitor and match the online information, and the websites will set up a strict anti-hacker virus attack system.

　　On January 25th, the eighth generation BMW 5 Series was officially launched. As the mainstay of BMW brand, BMW 5 Series can meet users’ expectations for mid-to high-end luxury cars every time it is replaced. However, what is even more attractive is the BMW Brilliance i5 model which is listed together. As a pure electric version of BMW Brilliance 5 Series, it gives consumers more "green brand" choices while continuing the product strength of fuel version. So can the new car stand out in the market? This issue of "Quality Car Selection" will answer for you.

　　I. Basic Information and Product Highlights

　　BMW Brilliance i5, BMW Brilliance 5 Series and BMW Brilliance i3 are all built on the platform of BMW CLAR, and provide "luxury suit" and "M sports suit". It is worth mentioning that the BMW i5 (imported) car series has also listed an xDrive M60 model, with a price of 639,900 yuan, and friends with sufficient budget can consider it as appropriate.

　　For luxury brand models, consumers often pay attention to the individualization and differentiation of products and are willing to pay for products that meet their own needs and preferences. BMW Brilliance i5 provides domestic consumers with more in-depth and all-round customized choices, including car paint color, wheel style, seat material and interior trim strips.

　　In addition, the interior style and intelligence of BMW Brilliance i5 follow the top level of BMW 7 Series. Integrated suspended curved screen, embracing interactive light band and bright crystal ornaments complement each other in the front row, outlining a rich visual experience. At the same time, the BMW iDrive 8.5 version of the car machine system has the strength to compete with the new car-making forces in intelligent interaction.

　　It is worth mentioning that the BMW i5 is equipped with the same 31.3-inch 8K resolution OLED screen as the BMW 7 Series, which can support the online audio-visual entertainment function internally, and can also adjust the screen distance, tilt angle and screen ratio to achieve the best viewing effect.

　　Second, product competitiveness analysis

　　Judging from the pure electric medium and large car market, Beijing Benz EQE is undoubtedly the direct competitor of BMW Brilliance i5, and the Audi brand has not electrified the "Audi A6L" car series, so we chose Weilai ET7, which focuses on the high-end market, for comparison.

　　From the price point of view, the price of BMW Brilliance i5 top model has certain advantages, but the starting price is the lowest of Weilai ET7, and it also supports the sales of car/electricity separation scheme. In terms of the number of models, BMW Brilliance i5 offers four models to choose from, which is more than the three models of Beijing Benz EQE and Weilai ET7, so consumers have more choices.

　　Specific to the level of vehicle configuration, we selected the models with similar prices as possible. By comparison, BMW Brilliance i5 has little advantage over the other two models. First of all, BMW Brilliance i5 is comparable to Beijing Benz EQE in configuration, but the CLTC pure electric cruising range of Beijing Benz EQE model is even more outstanding, reaching the level of 700km+. Secondly, Weilai ET7 can be described as rolling BMW Brilliance i5 in all directions. It is not only equipped with dual motors, but also has a faster acceleration of 100 kilometers. Moreover, CLTC has a longer pure electric cruising range, not to mention the configuration. Independent brands have always been more kind than traditional luxury brands.

　　Third, product quality & service trend analysis

　　As a brand-new model, will BMW Brilliance i5 have hidden dangers of quality problems? In this regard, we will start with the failure problems of BMW Brilliance i3 model in the past year, and preliminarily predict the development trend of new car quality problems in the future by comparing the failure problems. As BMW Brilliance i5 and BMW Brilliance i3 are both built on the CLAR platform, they are deeply related and can be used as reference.

　　By screening the complaint data of BMW Brilliance i3 model in the past year, it can be found that the number of complaints about "battery cooling system failure" is relatively high. As BMW Brilliance i5 and BMW Brilliance i3 both use ternary lithium batteries from Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited, and the battery cooling mode is liquid cooling, the above problems may still occur. However, the actual situation remains to be determined after it has been put on the market for some time.

　　With the continuous development of China’s automobile market, the level of brand pre-sales/after-sales service and the quality of purchase experience have gradually become an important factor affecting consumers’ final purchase. Therefore, based on the big data of car quality network, we will analyze the common service problems of brands in the past year to provide more objective reference for consumers to buy models.

　　From the point of view of service complaints, "inconsistent with publicity" has become a service problem in which car owners complain more about BMW Brilliance brand. Through further analysis, we can know that this kind of service problem comes from BMW Brilliance X3 and BMW Brilliance 5 Series.

　　In terms of measuring the after-sales service reputation of new cars, we will analyze the response of enterprises to complaints from car owners, and relatively objectively predict the future after-sales service reputation of new cars. According to the data of Chezhi. com, the response rate of BMW Brilliance brand complaints in the past year was 99.9%, which was at the upstream level among luxury brands in the same period. It can be seen that manufacturers attach great importance to the demands of car owners.

　　Four, after-sales service policy and network distribution

　　In terms of after-sales service policy, the warranty of the 2024 BMW Brilliance i5 vehicle is three years or 100,000 kilometers.

　　After the vehicle is purchased, it is bound to involve the daily maintenance of the vehicle. At this time, the number and distribution of brand dealer stores are very important, and even have a certain impact on whether consumers buy the brand model. According to the statistics of Chezhi. com, BMW Brilliance currently has 723 dealer stores in China, covering 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, with a relatively large number of dealers in Zhejiang, Guangdong and Jiangsu provinces.

　　Summary:

　　As the wave of electrification intensified, traditional luxury car companies began to exert their strength. The arrival of BMW Brilliance i5 not only fills the family "I" series product matrix, but also explains to people what is the charm of electric luxury. However, because the domestic electric vehicle market is too involuted, BMW Brilliance i5 does not have much advantage in price and configuration. If the price can be lowered like BMW Brilliance i3 in the future, it will surely be more competitive at that time.