武汉夜生活网论坛-武汉桑拿论坛-武汉狼盟-武汉耍耍网

Forwarding Provincial Anti-counterfeiting Office, Tobacco Monopoly Bureau and Public Security Department on

Notice of Guangdong Province’s special action plan for cigarette counterfeiting this winter and next spring

No.82 [2003] of Guangdong Government Office

People’s governments at the local and municipal levels, departments and institutions directly under the provincial government:

　　The Provincial Office for Combating the Illegal Activities of Making and Selling Fake and Inferior Commodities (hereinafter referred to as the Provincial Anti-counterfeiting Office), the Tobacco Monopoly Bureau and the Public Security Department’s "Special Action Plan for Cigarette Anti-counterfeiting in Guangdong Province this winter and next spring" have been approved by the provincial people’s government and are hereby transmitted to you, please follow the implementation. Please contact the provincial anti-counterfeiting office directly for the problems encountered in the implementation.

General Office of Guangdong Provincial People’s Government

October 28th, 2003

Special Action Plan for Cigarette Counterfeiting in Guangdong Province this winter and next spring

　　In order to further crack down on the illegal and criminal activities of manufacturing and selling fake and shoddy cigarettes, purify the cigarette market environment, safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of enterprises and consumers, and standardize the market economic order, this special action plan is formulated according to the requirements of the "Guangdong Province Anti-counterfeiting Work Plan in 2003".

　　-guiding ideology

　　Guided by Deng Xiaoping Theory and Theory of Three Represents, conscientiously implement the spirit of the 16th CPC Central Committee and the Third Plenary Session of the 16th CPC Central Committee and the spirit of General Secretary Hu Jintao’s important speech on inspecting Guangdong, adhere to the principle of "combining crackdown with prevention, treating both the symptoms and root causes, and paying equal attention to rectification and standardization", and follow the unified arrangements of the State Council, the provincial party committee and government, and the requirements of the State Tobacco Monopoly Bureau, the Ministry of Public Security and other relevant departments. According to People’s Republic of China (PRC) Criminal Law, People’s Republic of China (PRC) Criminal Procedure Law, People’s Republic of China (PRC) Tobacco Monopoly Law, People’s Republic of China (PRC) Tobacco Monopoly Law Implementation Regulations and other relevant laws and regulations, all relevant departments should, under the leadership of the local government, carry out their duties, cooperate closely and cooperate with each other, severely crack down on illegal and criminal activities of manufacturing and selling fake and shoddy cigarettes, severely punish criminals, and further consolidate and expand the achievements of cigarette counterfeiting and rectifying and standardizing the market economic order in our province.

　　Second, the work objectives

　　(a) the establishment of "the local government is responsible for the guidance and coordination of the anti-counterfeiting office, all parties work together, and the masses actively participate" in the leading mechanism and joint case handling mechanism of cigarette counterfeiting. The provincial anti-counterfeiting office is responsible for the organization, coordination and inspection of cigarette anti-counterfeiting work; Tobacco, industry and commerce, quality supervision and other departments are responsible for investigating and dealing with illegal and criminal activities of manufacturing and selling fake and shoddy cigarettes according to law; The public security department is responsible for investigating suspected criminal cases such as manufacturing and selling fake and shoddy cigarettes and illegally assembling and reselling cigarette machines; The supervision department is responsible for investigating the responsibility of public officials who violate the law and discipline, and supervising the implementation of the responsibility system for counterfeiting.

　　(two) combined with the "solid foundation" work, pay close attention to the implementation of cigarette counterfeiting responsibility system. Governments at all levels should conscientiously implement the responsibility system for counterfeiting, especially the implementation of the responsibility system for counterfeiting cigarettes at village and town levels.

　　(3) Effectively control the momentum of large-scale, mass and group-based illegal and criminal activities of manufacturing and selling fake and shoddy cigarettes in key areas of our province, so that the incidence rate of major cases of manufacturing and selling fake and shoddy cigarettes has dropped significantly.

　　(four) check the network, dig gangs, end dens, catch the principal offenders, and thoroughly investigate and deal with a number of major cases involving a wide range, serious circumstances and bad nature; Dig deep into the source of counterfeiting in the production of hoods, tobacco and printed trademarks and their behind-the-scenes planning, organization and funders; Severely punish a number of ringleaders and their "protective umbrellas" who commit crimes of manufacturing and selling fake and shoddy cigarettes according to law.

　　(five) the provincial tobacco monopoly bureau should strengthen the clean-up and rectification of the cigarette market, and cooperate with the industrial and commercial departments to do a good job in daily management.

　　Third, key remediation areas

　　This winter and next spring, the key rectification areas of cigarette special anti-counterfeiting action are: Guangzhou, Shantou, Jieyang, Chaozhou and Maoming; The key counties (cities, districts) for rectification are: Chaoyang District and Chaonan District of Shantou City, Raoping County and Chaoan County of Chaozhou City, Jiexi County, Huilai County and Puning City of Jieyang City, Huidong County of Huizhou City, Baiyun District of Guangzhou City, Zengcheng City and Dianbai County of Maoming City. Other parts of the province should also intensify the crackdown and prevention to ensure that the illegal and criminal activities of manufacturing and selling fake and shoddy cigarettes do not spread or spread.

　　Fourth, the time schedule

　　The special campaign lasted from October 2003 to March 2004 and was conducted in three stages:

　　The first stage (preparatory stage): from the end of October to the end of November, 2003, make a thorough investigation, grasp the basic situation of illegal and criminal activities of manufacturing and selling fake and shoddy cigarettes and their leaders and backbones within their jurisdiction, and formulate specific action plans.

　　The second stage (strike stage): from late November 2003 to the end of January 2004, a large-scale inventory operation was jointly organized to crack down on illegal and criminal activities of manufacturing and selling fake and shoddy cigarettes and severely punish criminals and their "protective umbrellas". During the New Year’s Day and the Spring Festival, governments at all levels and relevant departments should actively organize forces and cooperate with each other to set off a climax of cracking down on illegal and criminal activities of manufacturing and selling fake and shoddy cigarettes.

　　The third stage (summary and commendation stage): from the first ten days of February to the end of March, 2004, the provincial anti-counterfeiting office will take the lead in inspecting and supervising the special anti-counterfeiting operations in winter and spring in various places, and commend and reward the units and individuals that have made outstanding performance during the special operations.

　　V. Organizational leadership

　　In order to strengthen the leadership of the special campaign against cigarette counterfeiting this winter and next spring, and ensure the effectiveness of all the work, the provincial government decided to set up a special action supervision group to be responsible for the coordination and command of the special action. The steering group is led by the provincial anti-counterfeiting office, and its members are composed of relevant personnel from the anti-counterfeiting office, public security, industry and commerce, quality supervision, tobacco, discipline inspection and supervision departments.

　　VI. Job Requirements

　　(A) to raise awareness and strengthen leadership

　　The illegal and criminal activities of manufacturing and selling fake and shoddy cigarettes have destroyed the normal social and economic order, damaged the honest, trustworthy, fair and competitive market environment, endangered the physical and mental health of the broad masses of people, caused huge economic losses to the country and enterprises, and damaged the image of our province. Governments at all levels and relevant departments should fully understand that cracking down on the illegal and criminal activities of manufacturing and selling fake and shoddy cigarettes is an important measure to rectify and standardize the market economic order and improve the socialist market economic system from the height of practicing Theory of Three Represents; Fully understand the particularity, long-term and arduousness of cigarette counterfeiting, overcome slack thinking and war-weariness and make unremitting efforts. Governments at all levels should adhere to the principle of "keeping the soil responsible", and take cigarette counterfeiting as an important part of counterfeiting work. The leaders in charge of the government should personally grasp it, organize it carefully and make careful arrangements. All localities should refer to the practice of the province, set up corresponding institutions, and effectively strengthen the organization and leadership of special actions.

　　(2) Close cooperation and coordinated operations.

　　Cigarette counterfeiting involves a wide range, and all relevant functional departments should carry out their duties, coordinate and cooperate, and make key breakthroughs to ensure the effectiveness of all work. Tobacco, industry and commerce, quality supervision and other administrative law enforcement departments should intensify the investigation and punishment, and the suspected criminal cases should be promptly transferred to the public security organs for handling in accordance with the Provisions of the State Council on the Transfer of Suspected Criminal Cases by Administrative Law Enforcement Organs, and punishment should not be substituted for punishment. Public security organs should promptly carry out investigations, collect criminal evidence and arrest criminal suspects. Public security and judicial departments at all levels should actively study issues such as fact finding, evidence confirmation and application of laws according to the new situation and new characteristics of cigarette counterfeiting and selling activities, and punish illegal and criminal cases with serious circumstances and bad influence quickly and severely according to law in order to deter criminals. Public security organs in Guangzhou, Chaoyang, Chaonan, Puning and other places should intensify their efforts to pursue suspects who are at large in manufacturing and selling counterfeit and shoddy cigarettes, and strive to bring them to justice during special operations. Supervisory organs at all levels should strengthen the system of administrative accountability, and seriously investigate and deal with acts such as state staff participating in or sheltering the activities of manufacturing and selling fake and shoddy cigarettes and neglecting their duties and engaging in malpractices for selfish ends in the process of cigarette counterfeiting; In case of major or malignant cases caused by passive slackness and ineffective work, the responsible persons of local governments and relevant responsible persons shall be investigated according to law. Provincial Radio and Television Group should pay close attention to the installation of large-capacity three-phase electricity and inform the provincial public security department in time.

　　(3) Strengthen publicity and guidance, and strengthen supervision by public opinion.

　　Governments at all levels and relevant departments should, with the help of television, radio, newspapers and other news media, strengthen the publicity and reporting of the special campaign against cigarette counterfeiting this winter and next spring in accordance with the requirements of "highlighting key points, grasping opportunities and creating momentum", and focus on publicizing the firm determination, positive actions and remarkable achievements of our province in attaching great importance to cigarette counterfeiting, making unremitting efforts and severely punishing according to law, so as to form a strong publicity momentum in the whole society and deter criminals. It is necessary to carry out publicity and education on laws and regulations among the broad masses, obtain the support and cooperation of the masses, especially do a good job in ideological education of village and town cadres in key areas, earnestly implement the responsibility system for counterfeiting, and promote the in-depth development of cigarette counterfeiting work.

Guangdong province crack down on manufacturing and selling fake and shoddy goods illegal behavior office

Guangdong tobacco monopoly bureau

Guangdong Provincial Public Security Department

October 27th, 2003

Family farm agriculture is a new force for high-quality development
There are nearly 600,000 family farms listed in the national list, with an operating land of 160 million mu.

Cartography: Wang Zheping

Family farms, with family members as the main labor force and family management as the basic business unit, engage in large-scale, standardized and intensive agricultural production and management, which is the main management mode of modern agriculture. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, all localities have actively guided and supported the development of various family farms such as agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery, and achieved solid results.

In recent years, the number of family farms in China has increased steadily, and the quality of development has improved day by day. Family farms have become the growth point of farmers’ income, the focus of industrial prosperity and the experimental field of structural reform of agricultural supply side.

"We have sold mushrooms to Japan, South Korea and Southeast Asian markets, and the income of our family farm is getting better every year." Yu Peiying, head of Kangyi Family Farm in Nanhe County, Xingtai City, Hebei Province, could not hide his excitement. This farm manages 120 mu of land and has four family laborers. It mainly produces edible fungi, walnuts and vegetables, with an annual output value of 1.1 million yuan and a net income of more than 200,000 yuan last year. The thriving family farm is becoming a new force for the high-quality development of agriculture in China.

Family farms, with family members as the main labor force and family management as the basic business unit, engage in large-scale, standardized and intensive agricultural production and management, which is the main management mode of modern agriculture. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, according to the deployment of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, all localities have actively guided and supported the development of various family farms such as agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery, and achieved solid results. The reporter learned from the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs that at present, there are nearly 600,000 family farms listed in the list of agricultural and rural departments in China, with an operating land of 160 million mu. The number of family farms has increased steadily, the quality of development has been improved day by day, and the operating industries have become increasingly diversified.

Policy creation

Small farms have become the growth point of farmers’ income.

In the supply of family farm system, hundreds of millions of farmers have a new support. Good things happen one after another.

This year’s Central Document No.1 emphasizes supporting the development of primary processing of agricultural products suitable for family farms and farmers’ cooperatives. A few days ago, 11 ministries and commissions, including the Central Agricultural Office, issued "Guiding Opinions on Implementing Family Farm Cultivation Plan", and the development of family farms has gained new policy confidence.

Open the net income account of Kangyi Family Farm in 2018, and it will shine at the moment: grain income is 9,000 yuan, vegetables income is 10,000 yuan, walnuts income is 11,000 yuan, and edible fungi income is 220,000 yuan. At present, there are 41,000 family farms in Hebei province, covering 94% of administrative villages, which has effectively boosted farmers’ income. Up to now, there are 100,000 family farms in Anhui Province, ranking first in the country, which has become an important channel for farmers to increase their income.

The Guiding Opinions require that by 2020, the policy system supporting the development of family farms will be basically established, the management system will be more sound, the guidance service mechanism will be gradually improved, and the number of family farms will increase steadily. By 2022, the policy system to support the development of family farms will be further improved, and the production and operation ability and driving ability of family farms will be consolidated and improved.

Zhao Yang, director of the Policy and Reform Department of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, said that speeding up the cultivation of a large number of family farms with moderate scale, intensive production, advanced management and obvious benefits will continuously raise farmers’ income to a new level.

Adhere to the main body of farmers. It is to adhere to the basic position of family management in the rural basic management system, encourage farmers with long-term and stable willingness to farm to moderately expand their business scale, develop various types of family farms, and carry out various forms of cooperation and alliance.

Adhere to a moderate scale. Guide family farms to achieve the best scale benefits according to the industrial characteristics and their own management capabilities, prevent one-sided pursuit of land and other means of production from being excessively concentrated, and prevent "large households".

Adhere to market orientation. Follow the law of family farm development. Give full play to the decisive role of the market in promoting the development of family farms and strengthen the government’s guidance and support for family farms.

Demonstration creation

Small farms have become the focus of industrial prosperity

The geese are led by the head geese, and family farms are no exception.

Jianong Family Farm is located in Gaoxiang Village, Yeshan Town, Tianchang City, Anhui Province. It is one of the top ten local family farms, which makes the person in charge Chen Hongping very happy. As an "old-fashioned" farmer, Lao Chen’s family farm has read "three agricultural classics".

A classic, save money and increase efficiency. The operation scale of 345 mu of Jia Nong’s family farm can make the whole set of agricultural machinery and equipment work happily, which not only saves costs, but also provides appropriate agricultural machinery services to increase income. The new rice varieties introduced by the farm have achieved high quality and good price, and the income per mu has increased by more than 200 yuan.

Two classics, agricultural science and technology. Jia Nong’s family farm adheres to the green concept, adopts the rotation mode, selects new varieties, carries out agricultural prevention and control, and implements cultivation management techniques such as water saving and warming, which is not only environmentally friendly but also increases income.

Three classics, order agriculture. Through multi-party alliance, Jia Nong’s family farm allows itself to grow together with leading enterprises. Based on orders and contracts, family farms can not only form a close interest community with enterprises, but also drive large farmers and small farmers to participate in industrial management.

Zhao Yang said, give play to the role of typical demonstration, promote development through demonstration, summarize and popularize the demonstration models of different types of family farms, and improve the development quality of family farms.

Strengthen the establishment of demonstration family farms and carry out the establishment of demonstration counties of family farms. All localities should follow the principle of "voluntary declaration, merit-based recommendation, step-by-step audit and dynamic management", improve the working mechanism and carry out the creation of demonstration family farms. Relying on rural revitalization demonstration counties, agricultural green development pioneer areas, modern agricultural demonstration areas, etc., support the establishment of family farm demonstration counties where conditions permit, and promote the cultivation of family farms throughout the county.

Encourage all kinds of talents to set up family farms and guide family farms to develop cooperative management. Encourage local talents in rural areas, migrant workers who are willing to return to their hometowns and return to their hometowns, outstanding rural college graduates and scientific and technological personnel to set up family farms.

Huo Mi-cai, a villager in Dawopeng Village, caoshi, Qingyuan Manchu Autonomous County, Liaoning Province, is really not simple. His Mingyu family farm concentrates on rice, with an annual net income of 700,000 yuan. His "secret" lies in the fact that he can store 300-400 tons of grain in the farm’s storage by processing and increasing the value through his own production and operation and purchasing grain from small farmers!

The demonstration of family farms is in full swing all over the country. At present, Zhejiang insists on moderate scale and family management, and has launched 1204 demonstration family farms in the province. According to the system standard of cultivating family farms, 11,107 demonstration family farms have been established in Anhui Province.

Mechanism innovation

Small farms have become experimental fields for structural reform of agricultural supply side.

Where there are family farms, there are continuous deepening actions of structural reform on the supply side of agriculture. On the one hand, family farms deepen the structural reform of agricultural supply side, and the green concept runs through the whole process of agricultural production.

At first glance, the sweet potatoes in Kangyi Farm are growing happily, with green leaves and strong sweet potato vines intertwined like a giant green carpet.

The mechanism of circular agriculture is also introduced here, and a corncob is used twice, and the corncob raw material is used as a culture medium to cultivate fresh mushrooms; The waste from mushroom cultivation is used as organic fertilizer to produce a new mushroom culture medium, which ensures the organic nutrition of the culture medium and the green quality of the products, and improves the comprehensive benefits of planting.

On the other hand, family farms are refining the structural reform of agricultural supply side.

Zhejiang guides family farms to set up cooperatives, from single-handedness to group development, focusing on the reorganization of industry, market and property rights, guiding the main body to unite, and building a pagoda-like management main body system of "small farmers-family farms-cooperatives-agricultural leading enterprises". Starting with the supply of system, Hebei Province supports family farms to become better and stronger. This year, it co-ordinates more than 2 billion yuan of provincial-level financial funds related to agriculture, and develops provincial-level credit exclusive products, providing 2.17 billion yuan of guarantees for 4,317 cooperatives and family farms.

Deepening the structural reform of agricultural supply side in family farms will build a more perfect security system. The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs said that it is necessary to protect the land management rights of family farms in accordance with the law, improve the service system for the transfer of land management rights, and encourage the orderly transfer of land management rights to family farms. Protect the rights of both parties to land circulation according to law, guide both parties to reasonably determine the rent level, stabilize the relationship between land circulation, and effectively prevent the risk of land lease for family farms.

Deepening the supply-side structural reform of family farms will strengthen the construction of more perfect infrastructure. Zhao Yang said that family farms should be encouraged to participate in the construction of grain production functional zones, important agricultural products production protection zones, characteristic agricultural products advantage zones and modern agricultural industrial parks. Support family farms to participate in the construction of high-standard farmland and promote centralized contiguous management.

Yu Peiying is beaming with joy: "Counting accounts, the family farm of four people in my family has a per capita income of more than 50,000 yuan, which I didn’t even think about before. This is good, that is good, and it is not as good as income growth. This sweetness, that sweetness, is not as sweet as a purse! " (Reporter Gao Yuncai)

　　But said it would cooperate with the government to legislate.

　　Eight ministries and commissions, including the State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Public Security, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the General Administration of Press and Publication, the Information Office, and the Secrecy Bureau, joined hands to launch a special campaign nationwide for the first time. It is reported that this action began in April and will last until the end of the year. Google Maps, the difficulty of rectification named by experts, claimed that it was very wrong, and said that the current laws and regulations on Internet maps in China are blind spots, but it will cooperate with the government to do a good job in legislation.

　　The problem of errors, omissions and secrets of Internet maps is prominent.

　　Min Yiren, deputy director of the State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping, said in an interview that at present, the problems existing in Internet maps are mainly manifested in the following aspects: first, marking a large part of China’s territory abroad in map representation; Second, it omitted to draw important islands such as South China Sea Islands, Diaoyu Islands and chiwei yu. Third, Taiwan Province, our territory, is represented as an independent country or Taiwan Province Island is omitted; The fourth is to draw the administrative boundaries of our country by mistake and publish important geographical indication information without authorization; The fifth is to mark some sensitive, undisclosed and even related information involving state secrets on the map.

　　By searching keywords on many domestic and foreign websites that provide China map search, the reporter found that these websites all have the problem of marking the location of geographic information, and marked some sensitive, not open and even related information involving China’s secrets on the map. On a website called "China Emergency Network" (emss.cn), there is a schematic diagram of more than 300 emergency centers in China on its self-made emergency map of China. However, this map has wrongly drawn China’s border line, and has drawn a large part of China’s territory abroad.

　　Relevant persons from the State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping said that because the network map is in a dynamic form, it is updated quickly, and the websites copy and upload each other, so the problems existing in the network map are not only common, but also spread quickly and have a wide range of influence.

　　The lack of supervision of servers is a problem.

　　Why are there so many "problem maps" on the Internet? Li Yongxiong, director of the Department of Surveying and Mapping Achievements Management and Application of the State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping, believes that one of the reasons is to make and upload the server at will. "At present, only a few maps published on the official website of the Olympic Games have been audited by the administrative department of surveying and mapping. Internet maps that violate laws and regulations are widespread. " He said.

　　According to him, at present, many geographic information service enterprises draw electronic maps of catering and tourism services through GPS locators without the qualification of surveying and mapping. "This kind of electronic map made by" surveying and mapping by the whole people "is not only rough, but also full of mistakes. It is also possible to mark some geographical information involving state secrets. " Li Yongxiong said.

　　A spokesman for Google China said that the basic geographic data sources of Google Maps were obtained from units with official surveying and mapping qualifications. Some experts pointed out that it is a difficult point to rectify a commercial website that provides map services like Google, whose server is abroad, if there is a "problem map".

　　However, the reporter saw on Google and other websites that users can indeed modify and upload map-related place names, building names and other information at will, and advertise their own business.

　　Internet map market oligopoly

　　Min Yiren, deputy director of the State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping, believes that errors in Internet maps not only harm the interests of consumers, but also harm the interests of the state. He said: "Internet map is also the main form of national territory, and the wrong national territory is easy to cause our diplomatic passivity." For this view, Google China does not agree-Google China insists that the legislation on Internet maps in China is still in progress, and there is no clear legal provision on what is illegal, so the special governance action itself lacks a legal basis.

　　"In fact, relevant government leaders and staff often come to Google to discuss the details of how to formulate Internet map regulations. The development of the Internet is often ahead of the law. " A spokesman for Google China said. However, several other big Internet map providers are reluctant to express their views on this matter.

　　There are reasons behind Google China’s high-profile refutation of the special governance actions of the State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Public Security and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. According to a reporter’s investigation, Google China purchased geographic data from Beijing Tumeng Technology Co., Ltd. The company not only has the ICP license "Jing ICP030699" for Internet content operation, but also has the map approval number of electronic map operation service provider issued by the State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping: "GS(2007)360".

　　According to the latest research of internet society of china and China Computer Users Association, Tumeng’s market share of map search technology services has reached 53% (including the total share of website traffic such as Google China, Sina Aiwen and SouFun); And its competitor-Beijing Tuweixian Technology Co., Ltd. (drawing approval number: "GS(2006)781") has a share of 41%; The two companies have almost formed an oligopoly in the Internet map market.

　　The laws and regulations need to be clearly explained by the regulatory authorities.

　　Some people have raised the question: Can the approval numbers issued by the State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping to two electronic map operators be lent to other websites at will? For example, is it allowed by law for Google Maps to use the approval number of Tumen?

　　"This is a bit like driving a deck car on the road. It seems to be legal. If you check it carefully, you will be exposed." Yang Qun, an analyst of Warring States Policy, commented.

　　In addition, the following two acts are prohibited according to the Regulations on the Administration of Map Examination and Approval promulgated in August last year: first, the acts of not submitting maps for examination as required or using maps without examination and approval without authorization; Second, the map that has been examined and approved has not been revised according to the examination opinions. Those who commit the above acts shall be ordered by the administrative department of Surveying and Mapping of the State Council or the provincial administrative department of Surveying and Mapping to make corrections within a time limit, given a warning, and may be fined between 5,000 yuan and 20,000 yuan. The above provisions apply to both traditional maps and electronic maps.

　　According to Yang Qun, another important issue that needs to be clarified is: The map data provided by a company that has been approved by the government to qualify maps to a third-party company is legal and has been examined and approved. However, if a third-party company (such as Google China) makes modifications, additions and other secondary processing on this basis, does it need to be re-examined and approved by surveying and mapping departments at all levels?

　　"This issue is related to the life and death of many Internet map businesses." Yang Qun said so. (Dong Yi)

Editor: Jufu

　　On May 15th, at the press conference held by the State Council Press Office, the National Bureau of Statistics released the main index data of national economic operation in April. The data shows that in April, the production sector grew steadily, the market demand continued to expand, the employment situation continued to improve, consumer prices rose moderately, the supply-side structural reform was further promoted, the old and new kinetic energy was accelerated, and the quality and efficiency of economic operation were further improved.

　　Xing Zhihong, spokesperson of the National Bureau of Statistics and director of the National Economic Statistics Department, said that although some indicators declined in April, there were many positive changes in the relationship between supply and demand, quality and efficiency, and market expectations in economic operation. "Stability" was the main tone, "progress" was the key word, "good" was the general trend, and the national economy was expected to continue to maintain a stable and positive trend.

　　The main tone of "stability" has not changed.

　　The data shows that the growth rate of some economic indicators declined in April.

　　"This is mainly due to this year ‘ May Day ’ The small holiday is ahead of schedule and the working day is reduced by one day. " Xing Zhihong said that if we compare the growth of economic indicators in April with January-February and last year, we can find that the performance of relevant indicators is not weak. Taking industry as an example, in April, the year-on-year growth rate of industrial added value above designated size was 0.2 percentage points faster than that in January and February, and 0.5 percentage points higher than that in the same period last year. Among the monthly growth rates since 2015, the growth rate of 6.5% is also at a high level.

　　"The decline in the growth rate in the month has not affected the steady development trend of the cumulative growth rate." Xing Zhihong said that the cumulative industrial growth rate from January to April was 6.7%, which was basically the same as the 6.8% in the first quarter; The cumulative growth rate of retail sales of social consumer goods was 10.2%, 0.2 percentage points faster than that in the first quarter. It can be seen that the slight decline of some economic indicators in April is not a trend change, but a small fluctuation within a reasonable range and an expected range.

　　Xing Zhihong said that from the four important indicators of economic growth, price level, employment status and balance of payments, China’s economy continued to operate steadily in a reasonable range, and the main tone of stability remained unchanged, achieving stable economic growth, stable employment, overall stable prices and relatively stable balance of payments.

　　The strength of "entering" is increasing.

　　Xing Zhihong said that in April, China’s economic operation was intensified, structural adjustment continued to advance, and the momentum of transformation and upgrading was good. The "three to one, one reduction and one supplement" was solidly promoted, and the policy effect was further revealed.

　　— — In terms of capacity reduction, steel production increased by 1.7% year-on-year in the first four months, and the growth rate dropped by 0.4 percentage points compared with the first quarter. Cement and raw coal production increased by 0.7% and 2.5% respectively. At present, the steel production capacity is 31.7 million tons, and the coal production capacity is 68.97 million tons, achieving 63.4% and 46% of the target tasks for this year respectively. In terms of destocking, the area of commercial housing for sale nationwide decreased by 7.2% at the end of April, which was 0.8 percentage points higher than that at the end of March. In terms of deleveraging, the asset-liability ratio of industrial enterprises above designated size was 56.2% in March, down 0.7 percentage points year-on-year.

　　— — In terms of cost reduction, from January to March, the cost per 100 yuan of main business income of industrial enterprises above designated size was 85.25 yuan, down 0.15 yuan year-on-year.

　　— — To make up for the shortcomings, the investment in ecological protection and environmental management increased by 50.4% in the first four months, the investment in public facilities management increased by 28.4%, and the investment in water conservancy management, transportation and warehousing and postal services increased by 16.1% and 16.7% respectively.

　　"Since the beginning of this year, the leading role of innovation has improved, new kinetic energy has continued to grow and develop, and entrepreneurial innovation has a good momentum." Xing Zhihong said that in April, there were 556,000 newly registered enterprises nationwide, a year-on-year increase of 9.2%, with an average of 18,500 newly registered enterprises every day. New formats and new models have grown rapidly, and the proportion of online goods in the retail sales of social consumer goods has reached 12.9%, up 1.8 percentage points year-on-year. Driven by the rapid development of e-commerce, the volume of express delivery business is also growing rapidly, and it is expected to increase by 31.1% from January to April.

　　"Good" conditions are increasing.

　　Xing Zhihong said that since the beginning of this year, the positive factors in China’s economic operation have been accumulating, and the steady and positive development trend is sustainable.

　　From the perspective of supply and demand, although the year-on-year increase of PPI has declined in the past two months, the improvement of supply and demand in most industries continues and the market demand continues to expand. In April, the prices of 34 of the 40 industrial sectors were higher than the same period of last year, and the increase was further expanded; Among the 596 industrial products, the output of 419 products was higher than that of the same period of last year, with an increase of 70.3%; What is even more commendable is that the production and sales rate reached 97.6%, up 0.1 percentage points year-on-year, indicating that the relationship between supply and demand in the market continued to show an improvement trend.

　　"This improvement in the relationship between supply and demand is achieved in the context of structural reform on the supply side and the transformation of old and new kinetic energy. It appears on the premise that both supply and demand structures are optimized, and new supply is born through new demand, and new supply creates new demand, not just the result of cyclical factors." Xing Zhihong said.

　　"The upward momentum of the economy and the downward pressure of the economy coexist, and some long-term accumulated structural contradictions still exist." Xing Zhihong said that at present, China is in a critical period of speed shifting, structural optimization and kinetic energy conversion, and it still needs to pay close attention to new situations and new problems in economic operation. (Economic Daily China Economic Net reporter Lin Huocan)

Original Wang Xingfei Fictitious Time

Whether you choose chemotherapy, X-ray examination or heart transplantation, every medical decision is a risk.

From the first human blood transfusion more than 300 years ago to the development of vaccines in COVID-19 today, risks are accompanied by the emergence of every new treatment.

Blood transfusion, anesthesia, chemotherapy, vaccines, antibiotics, X-ray examination, organ transplantation, genetic engineering, biological agents, Dr. Paul Offit (author of The Story of Vaccine) started with nine great achievements of modern medicine and told the story of risks behind each medical progress this time.

In the 20th century, the average life expectancy of Americans increased by 30 years, largely due to the progress of modern medicine. At the same time, every medical breakthrough is accompanied by victory and tragedy.

Do we accept new technologies and when?

Faced with this medical uncertainty, our old friend, Dr. Wang Xing, the author of "Patient’s Family, Please Come" and other books, said: "In fact, although most technical risks are now very controllable, the probability of risks is still not zero, not to mention the exploration of new technologies. You will find that when a new treatment appears on social media, the most indifferent is actually the doctor. Not because they don’t accept new things, but because they understand the uncertainty behind new technologies. The doctor’s job is to try to play the most beneficial card for the patient on the premise of knowing the uncertainty. This is the’ life’ that doctors believe. "

Do doctors also believe in "life"? !

Wen | Wang Xing

(Peking University, Ph.D. in Oncology, Deputy Chief Physician, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai First People’s Hospital)

Do doctors believe in life? Really believe it.

Many doctors, including me, don’t necessarily have any religious beliefs, but most of them believe in fate. This is not a feudal superstition, such as not eating mangoes (busy) and eating apples (safe) when on duty, although many times we really want to do so. The "fate" that doctors believe is essentially probability. Because modern medicine is an uncertain science based on probability.

When a doctor is a rookie, he can be independent, not because of how many operations he can perform, how complicated situations he has handled and how to save the day, but because of his courage. At the beginning of the operation, there was nothing I was afraid to do, and I was full of momentum, but today, ten years later, I am afraid of a lot. This kind of cowardice is not simply to give up the challenge, but to recognize the probability.

Dr. Wang is at work. Tuyuan Wang Xing Weibo

Assuming that the probability of a risk is one in a thousand, and you treat at least 1000 patients in ten years, this risk will change from a small probability event to a high probability accident.

In recent years, immunotherapy has become more popular in the field of lung cancer. Because of some policies of benefiting the people, most of the immunotherapy drugs have dropped from the initial course of 10,000 yuan to around 1000 yuan. This is certainly gratifying, but it is a headache for doctors that when the price is lower than many auxiliary drugs to relieve vomiting, it will lead to a result-because patients lack the necessary understanding of the side effects of such drugs, they think that since this drug is not expensive, it is nothing to add.

On one occasion, the day before, we lamented that the patient was obviously better after taking the medicine for two days. The patient returned home happily and received news from the patient’s family the next day that the patient had left. From the experience, it is likely that there is an outbreak of immune cardiotoxicity, the probability is about 5%, there is no reason, and even the key markers can not be found to determine who is the 5%.

Young doctors are reluctant to talk about risks and think the probability is too low. But I will talk about the risks and let patients know that whether it is surgery or medication, we are all gambling. I still remember that a patient in the department suddenly fell to the ground when he went to the toilet the next day after surgery. After investigation, he found that it was an acute cerebral infarction, so he quickly rescued it and spent hundreds of thousands. The final outcome was a vegetative state, and the patient died soon.

Stills of In the World

It was originally a simple minor operation, but the patient lost his life. Despite the timely rescue, the patient’s lover expressed gratitude to us, but the family members still questioned us-

"Should surgery be done?"

"If the operation is not done, can the patient live for many years?"

"Why didn’t you emphasize with your family that you would have a cerebral infarction before the operation? If you knew there was this risk, we wouldn’t be in a hurry."

If I were a family member, I would ask the same question. No way, the surgeon’s job is to bury his emotions in a grave that belongs to his own heart and continue to work with a cold mask. But the more you work, the more timid you are, and the more you will nag patients about risks, instead of boasting about your strength and downplaying the operation.

I hope more people will read this book precisely because it is not preaching, but telling people with facts that medical risks are a problem that cannot be ignored.

Although medicine has developed from witchcraft of offering sacrifices to ghosts and gods to today, it is still full of many uncertainties. This is the origin of the title, gambling on life, or literally translated as-you have to gamble on your life.

This is no exaggeration. Nowadays, technologies that look very mature: blood transfusion, antibiotics, vaccines, anesthesia … These medical inventions not only bring about the improvement of people’s well-being, but also bring disastrous consequences.

Stills of Everything About Dr. Tang

If the key word of the author’s The Story of Vaccine is "cost", then the key word of Gambling Life is "uncertainty".

At the time of writing this book, the COVID-19 epidemic was raging all over the world, and all countries were on the track of vaccine, hoping to develop a unique vaccine, so that their countries could gain great advantages in this era. On April 7th, 2020, FDA approved an antimalarial drug named hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of Covid-19 infection in the absence of research results on drug effectiveness. Many people, including the then president of the United States, think that what harm can it do to try? Unfortunately, many research results show that hydroxychloroquine can neither treat nor prevent Covid-19 infection, and about 10% of drug users have severe arrhythmia. Two months later, the FDA withdrew the drug recommendation.

It can be said that one of the purposes of this book is to accuse the American government of ignoring the potential risks of new medical technologies in order to "win". Different from the history of western medicine which is narrated according to time, Gambling Life has no intention of exaggerating the success and tragedy stories behind nine modern medical advances, but conveys a profound lesson to us-whether, when and how we should accept new technologies.

This book tells readers with cold figures how the hidden bugs in the beautiful medical discoveries in the name of cure have led to disasters step by step. In the process of reading, I was deeply touched. Medical study only made me see the increasing life span of human beings, but I didn’t see that the flashes in medical history superimposed the unique arrogance of human beings, which made history trample on bones and blood and tears again and again.

Human discovery of medicine is often accompanied by several kinds of mistakes:

The first category is insufficient cognition.

The author takes blood transfusion as an example. At first, people learned to transfuse blood from cattle and sheep. When an accidental transfusion of human blood succeeded, they fell into a gambling game, because after transfusion, there was a certain probability that people would die. Today, we know that people have ABO blood type and Rh blood type, and only the correct blood transfusion method can be established. After people thought that they had discovered the natural law and started blood transfusion, they were educated again, because the disaster caused by the spread of hepatitis B and AIDS caused by blood transfusion was far more serious than before. You will find that the more ordinary people are, the more confident they are, and the more confident they are, the greater the cost.

The second category is that the pace is too big and there is a lack of supervision.

Known as "one of the most serious large-scale poisoning incidents in the 20th century", the protagonist is an antibiotic called sulfanilamide, which is still commonly used today. At that time, four weeks after the drug was put on the market, 353 people took it and 105 people died, including 34 children. Finally, it was found that the problem was not sulfanilamide, but the solvent of the drug. The solvent contains lethal diethylene glycol, which will cause nephrotoxicity. On March 5, 1938, President Roosevelt signed the Food, Drug and Cosmetics Act. Since then, American pharmaceutical companies have been required to list all drug ingredients on the labels and fully carry out product safety tests before they can obtain the marketing permission of the FDA.

The third category is "a dead horse is a living horse doctor".

The most typical example is biotherapy. In the Wei Zexi incident, Wei Zexi tried biological therapy in the treatment of chondrosarcoma with a desperate mentality, and eventually he lost both money and money. The effectiveness of many seemingly "new drugs" and "new therapies" has not been fully verified, and the huge temptation of fame and fortune brought by a star therapy has also driven doctors to ignore ethics and regulatory processes to promote clinical trials. This "two-way trip" to human trials is disastrous, such as the incident of genetically editing a fetus that made a lot of noise a few years ago. These experiments will bring unpredictable and huge risks to individuals and human beings. The author thinks that we must firmly control the brakes under our feet.

via:www.sagarhospitals.in

The fourth category is the false confidence generated by animal experiments.

A successful heart transplant for chimpanzees does not mean that people will succeed. There are great species and individual differences between species and people. Social media often reports that a drug has played a good role at the cellular and animal levels, and it sounds as if human beings are about to conquer a certain disease. However, as long as graduate students who have experienced basic scientific research and training know that there is a huge gap between drugs from outside to inside, and from animals to people. What is effective at the cellular level may not be effective at the animal level, and what is effective at the animal level may not be effective in human trials, and even lead to a series of chain reactions. The exquisiteness of the human body also determines that any method of changing the structure and adjustment of the human body is bound to have defects.

Gambling on Life is a sober book, which refers to the U.S. government, which is eager to promote large-scale clinical trials without evidence, and hopes that every struggling patient can remain rational during treatment. In the book, you will learn that in the history of medical development, people who have been drugged may or may not fall asleep; People who have been vaccinated may resist the virus or die of the vaccine itself; Even blood transfusion, a common operation in modern society, was once a gamble.

Stills of "Emergency Room Story"

No one wants to gamble. It’s like a patient asking me if I can be cured. If I answer "It depends on my life", it will probably cause a contradiction between doctors and patients. In fact, although most technical risks are already very controllable, the probability of risks is still not zero, not to mention the exploration of new technologies. You will find that when a new treatment appears on social media, the most indifferent is actually the doctor. Not because they don’t accept new things, but because they understand the uncertainty behind new technologies.

The doctor’s job is to try to play the most beneficial card for the patient on the premise of knowing the uncertainty. This is the "fate" that doctors believe.

* Some pictures are from the Internet.

Bet one’s life

[America] By Paul Offit, translated by Qiu Xiaochen

Publication date: May 1, 2024

Shanghai Translation Publishing House

brief Introduction of the content

Whether you choose chemotherapy, X-ray examination or heart transplantation, every medical decision is a risk.

Dr. Paul Offit pointed out that from the first blood transfusion over 300 years ago to the development of vaccines in COVID-19 today, risks are accompanied by the emergence of every new treatment.

In the 20th century, the average life expectancy of Americans increased by 30 years, largely due to the progress of modern medicine. At the same time, every medical breakthrough is accompanied by victory and tragedy.

Do we accept new technologies and when?

Blood transfusion, anesthesia, chemotherapy, vaccines, antibiotics, X-ray examination, organ transplantation, genetic engineering, biological agents, "Gambling for Life" starts with nine great achievements of modern medicine and tells the risk story behind each medical progress.

Brief introduction of the author

Paul A. Offit, professor of vaccinology, professor of pediatrics at perelman Medical College, University of Pennsylvania, and director of the Vaccine Education Center of Philadelphia Children’s Hospital. He is a member of the vaccine working group of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the vaccine and related biological products advisory committee of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Previously, he was a member of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practice of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

His medical popular science works include The Story of Vaccine, Do you believe in magic? "gambling" and so on.

Original title: "Doctors also believe in" life "? ! Really believe it. 》

Read the original text

Expert Consultant: Zhang Zhifu, Senior Engineer of National Meteorological Information Center.

All night long, the city was covered with silver and snow-this is the winter picture that many people are looking forward to. According to the forecast of Beijing Meteorological Observatory,twelvemoon10Japan, Beijing will usher in2023The first large-scale obvious snowfall in the winter of 2008.

Are there fewer and fewer days of snow in Beijing?

In recent years, the biggest feeling of people living in Beijing is that there seems to be less and less snowfall. When I was a child, I could make a snowman and have a snowball fight in winter. Now it is hard to meet snowflakes. Let’s follow the meteorological data to see if there are really fewer snowy days in Beijing.

From the data of winter snowfall days in Beijing (Observatory Station) from 1961 to 2022, it can be seen that the year with the most snowfall observed in winter in Beijing was the winter of 1963, with a total of 29 days, and the second largest was the 27 days in 1968. The year with the least snowfall days appeared in the winter of 1982, with only three days, followed by the winters of 2006, 2010, 2013 and 2022, with only four days of snowfall in the whole winter.

In addition, since 2000, the annual average number of snowfall days in Beijing has decreased compared with that in the 20th century. Among the top 10 snowfall days in history, the years after 2000 accounted for 7 seats. Since 2000, there have been only three years in which the number of snowfall days has reached more than 20 days, namely, the winter of 2000 (22 days), the winter of 2002 (23 days) and the winter of 2012 (23 days).

At present, during the heavy snow solar term, as the temperature gradually drops, compared with the light snow solar term, the probability of snowfall in the heavy snow solar term is higher. According to the historical data of "Tianqing" of the National Meteorological Information Center, during the heavy snow solar term from 1991 to 2020, the average snowfall days in Beijing were 0.8 days, and the average precipitation was 0.92 mm.

How is the first snow day defined in Beijing?

According to the definition of the first snow day in Beijing (Trial), the first snow day in Beijing refers to the date when a large-scale snowfall occurred for the first time in Beijing. There are 20 national meteorological stations in Beijing, and there are five observation stations in the urban area, namely Observatory, Chaoyang, Haidian, Fengtai and Shijingshan.

Meet one of the following conditions can be identified as the first snow day in Beijing that year:

First, snowfall was observed at more than 10 stations in 20 manned weather stations in the city;

Second, snowfall has been observed at five observation stations in the urban area (Observatory, Chaoyang, Haidian, Fengtai and Shijingshan), or at three or more of the five stations in the urban area, and the snowfall of at least one station is ≥ 0.1mm..

When does the first snow usually come in Beijing?

According to statistics, the first snow in winter in Beijing mostly occurs in November and December. The average first snow day in Beijing from 1991 to 2020 is December 3rd.

The statistical period of the first snow day is from October 1st of that year to May 31st of the following year. In some years, the first snow only appears in January or February of the following year, so there will be new year’s eve. For example, the sunrise of the first snow in winter in 1970/1971 is now on January 19, 1971 (the years with the first snow in January and February are the following year of the statistical year).

According to statistics, since 1961, the earliest date of the first snowfall was October 31st of the winter of 1987/1988, which was the only snowfall in Beijing since 1961, one month earlier than the average first snowfall date.

The latest appearance date was February 11th of the following winter in 1983/1984, which was more than two months later than the average first snow date. It is worth mentioning that the first snow day ranks in the top five at the latest. Except for the winter of 1983/1984, the second to fifth snow days all appeared after 2010.

(Author: Su Jessie
Editor in charge: Yan Hong)

The change of SAA level has important clinical value for early diagnosis, risk assessment, curative effect observation and prognosis evaluation of infectious diseases.

Infectious diseases are common types of diseases in clinic. Infectious diseases are characterized by various pathogens, diverse infection routes and individual differences in symptoms and signs, which can lead to serious consequences if they are not diagnosed and treated effectively in time. Therefore, how to make early diagnosis and/or differential diagnosis of infectious diseases is a practical problem that needs to be solved urgently in clinic.

A(serum amyloid A (SAA) is a nonspecific acute phase reaction protein, and its clinical value as a marker of inflammation has been widely concerned in recent years.The change of SAA level has important clinical value for early diagnosis, risk assessment, curative effect observation and prognosis evaluation of infectious diseases.In addition to the increase in bacterial infection, SAA is also significantly increased in viral infection. According to the degree of increase or combined with other indicators, bacterial or viral infection can be indicated, thus making up for the deficiency that commonly used inflammatory markers can not indicate viral infection at present.

Clinical significance of SAA

1, rapid diagnosis of bacterial infection and virus infection;

2. SAA is more sensitive than CRP in the early stage of infection and weak inflammatory stimulation, which can provide better differentiation;

3. Sensitive reaction, which can be used as a sensitive index to reflect infection and inflammation control;

4. It is widely used in auxiliary diagnosis of infectious diseases, risk prediction of coronary heart disease, dynamic monitoring of curative effect and prognosis of tumor patients, monitoring of transplant rejection and monitoring of improvement of rheumatoid arthritis;

5. The combined detection of SAA, CRP and PCT can better reflect the complementary advantages, provide another basis for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of bacterial and viral infections, and better reflect the clinical value-added significance that can not be reflected by single indicators;

6. SAA combined with CRP can provide powerful data for the differential diagnosis of early bacterial and viral infections and guide the use of antibiotics;

7. Especially in the early diagnosis of infectious diseases in children and neonatal septicemia, it is more significant than single diagnosis in the early identification of bacterial and viral infections in infectious diseases in infants;

8. The increase of SAA and hs-CRP concentration may be positively correlated with the prediction of the risk of cardiovascular events in healthy people in the future, and the increase of both indexes is more significant for predicting the risk of cardiovascular events.

Clinical interpretation of SAA level

Summary of applicable departments, indications and clinical application of SAA

SAA is widely used in auxiliary diagnosis of infectious diseases, risk prediction of coronary heart disease, dynamic observation of curative effect and prognosis of tumor patients, observation of transplant rejection and observation of improvement of rheumatoid arthritis. Clinically, SAA concentration < 10 mg/L is normal, which is consistent with CRP reference range.

Early diagnosis of virus infection：SAA will increase rapidly in both bacterial and viral infections.CRP will only increase when there is bacterial infection. Based on this feature, the combined detection of SAA and CRP is more unique than that of CRP alone.For example, in two cases of fever caused by physical factors and cold caused by virus infection, CRP may be normal, and if SAA is increased, it may indicate that virus infection tends to increase.

Early diagnosis of bacterial infection;SAA index is more sensitive than CRP in early infection,It rises earlier and falls faster and more sharply when it recovers.In the early stage of infection, weak inflammatory stimulation SAA is more sensitive than CRP and can provide better differentiation.

Differential diagnosis between bacterial infection and virus infection;Simultaneous detection of both can provide powerful data for differential diagnosis of early bacterial and viral infections. Especially in the early diagnosis of infectious diseases in children and neonatal septicemia, it is more significant than single diagnosis in the early identification of bacterial and viral infections in infants and young children. As written in Laboratory Medicine, Volume 5, No.32, May 2017, Application of Serum Amyloid A and C-reactive Protein Detection in the Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases in Children:Combined detection of CRP and SAA can determine the type of infection more quickly and accurately, and provide effective laboratory basis for early diagnosis and follow-up treatment of diseases!

Risk predictors of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events:The increase of SAA and hs-CRP concentration may be positively correlated with predicting the risk of cardiovascular events in healthy people in the future.The increase of both indexes is more significant for predicting the risk of cardiovascular events.

Tumor severity and prognostic evaluation index：SAA in patients with many tumors, such as liver cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, endometrial cancer, etc., has increased to varying degrees.SAA level has obvious correlation with the active stage, malignant degree and metastasis of tumor, and the metastasis stage of malignant tumorSAAElevations usually show higher values than those in the stable phase of tumors.Therefore, SAA, as a non-specific index, can be used as an index for dynamic observation of curative effect and prognosis of tumor patients.

Preferred indicators for monitoring graft rejection;The change of SAA concentration is a very sensitive index for transplant rejection. Studies show that 97% of renal transplant rejection is based on the increase of SAA, while the CRP concentration changes little.thereforeSAA concentration can be used as the first choice to monitor rejection.

Infection/Inflammation Solutions

The combined detection of SAA, CRP and PCT can effectively distinguish bacterial infection from viral infection, predict the risk of cardiovascular events and evaluate the prognosis of tumor diseases.

Comparison of three markers

Author/Tank

In the film market in 1996, with the gradual popularization of television in ordinary families, journalists who reported films turned their attention to television. Similarly, social investors and institutions who like movies have also scattered their money bags on TV, which has led to TV dramas becoming a hot topic for film and television audiences. The film has only become a "minority carnival" in some first-and second-tier cities.

However, the film reform is still going on. The opening of the Sixth Plenary Session of the 14th CPC Central Committee, the convening of the National Film Work Conference and the promulgation of the "Regulations on Film Management" issued by the State Council have subtly changed the film market. In addition, it was also from this year that 5% of the movie box office was drawn as a special fund. Prior to this, the special fund was 5 cents per movie ticket, and with the average ticket price exceeding that of 2 yuan in 1996, this rule was improved accordingly.

However, the film market in 1996 was not as stable as expected.

The main theme film won the domestic film championship,

But was criticized by the leaders.

　 　　

Compared with the box office performance of record-breaking domestic films such as Red Cherry and Sunny Days in 1995, the domestic film market in 1996 can only be described as a fiasco. On the one hand, it may be because the large-scale influx of imported sub-accounts has raised the taste of the audience. On the other hand, it is really the quality of domestic films.

Indeed, since 1995, when imported blockbusters officially stimulated the film market in China, many state-owned studios also fell into panic, and both their investment ability, market grasp and internal management of enterprises were in an embarrassing situation. Even more than half of the state-owned studios can only maintain the situation by selling factory logos, renting venues and charging staff to lend labor fees. It is precisely because of the overall sluggishness of the domestic film market that in March of that year, the working conference of the National Film Bureau was held in Changsha. The market prospect of domestic films was discussed.

At the meeting, China filmmakers put forward the requirements of the boutique strategy, specifically the "Ninth Five-Year Plan", that is, during the "Ninth Five-Year Plan" period, 10 films were made every year, and a total of 50 boutique films were made in five years.

However, the "Ninth Five-Year Plan" has not become the turning point of China’s film quality, and the pressure of the film bureau leaders on various studios has not turned into the motivation of quality, but has become a misunderstanding of the creative concept. After the meeting in Changsha in March, studios quickly adjusted their creative themes, and at one time a large number of biographies describing the heroes of the times almost became hot topics. Because of the low production cost, many films gradually came out after two or three months. But it has become a new disaster in the history of China movies.

In 1996, among the top ten box offices in China, only one domestic film entered the list, ranking ninth, and it was also the main theme film "Kong Fansen" with group ticket bonus. The film produced by Shandong Film Studio is expected to reach 60 million party member X2 yuan (average ticket price) = 120 million box office before release, setting a new box office record for domestic film history, but the film ended with only 36 million yuan.

In the academic journal The Art of Film, which is sponsored by the China Federation of Literary and Art Circles and specializes in film criticism and film theory research, Mr. Gao Jun commented that China doesn’t need too many domestic films of the type of Kong Fansen-"The hero theme can take many forms, including poetry, radio dramas, feature films, reportage, etc., and the film art has its own special rules, so it is not necessary to make all films."

The relevant leaders of the Film Bureau also criticized at the conclusion meeting at the end of the year, arguing that Kong Fansen had nothing to do with the film marketization, and even announced the water injection rate of the film. "Red-headed documents are pioneers, and group booking is the main source of its box office. According to the data reported by more than 20 provinces across the country, only about 5% of the audience pay for their own movies, while the proportion in Beijing is even only 0.51%." As a result, the situation that the film is full of seats is very serious throughout the country, wasting a lot of party fees and union dues as a supplement to the film market, which is contrary to the development law of socialist market economy.

To the surprise of all filmmakers at that time, 23 years later, such films have become the absolute mainstream of the domestic film market.

China Film lost its monopoly on imported films.

　 　

The discussion about China Film’s monopoly on imported sub-accounts has been discussed since 1994. Later, we know that the establishment of Huaxia in 2003 partially ended the monopoly of China Film’s import sub-accounts, but in fact, in 1996, the relevant reforms had tried to break this deadlock.

In 1996, 54 imported films were issued nationwide, of which 51 were issued by China Film, and the other three were Long Film, North Film and Shanghai Film, each of which issued some accounts.

However, the practice in those days was not dominated by these three state-owned companies. Instead, China Film Company still signed contracts with foreign investors, and then the three state-owned film companies signed agency distribution contracts with China Film Company respectively, and then distributed them independently throughout the country. Changying, Beiying and Shangying respectively chose Future Water World, The Game of the Brave and Toy Story to distribute in different accounts throughout the country. All three films have achieved good results, but this distribution model has not been systematically promoted on a large scale afterwards.

Jackie Chan’s never to lose 4, the box office champion in 1996, was translated into Bai Jinlong and introduced to the mainland of China in that year. Like Hongfan District, this film was also introduced during the Spring Festival in parallel with the Hong Kong market. Although the film did not achieve the success of "Hong Fan District", it still achieved 80 million box office results. In terms of imported movies, action movies still occupy the dominant position in the market, such as Tornado, Broken Arrow, Game of the Brave, Adventure Island, Mission Impossible, Future Water World, etc. Except The Bridges of Madison County, all other imported movies are action, adventure and sci-fi movies, which are basically consistent with the current imported film market. Among the Hong Kong films, Jackie Chan’s film is the most appealing, which has obvious advantages over other films.

In first-and second-tier cities, imported films have become the absolute main force of the market. In Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou, the box office revenue of imported films has reached more than 70-80% of the whole year. This phenomenon will continue for more than five years.

Market polarization is serious,

Where is the next step of reform?

　 　

With the gradual opening of the market, the competition intensifies. The polarization of China film market is becoming increasingly obvious.

In addition to the polarization of box office volume between domestic films and imported sub-accounts films, the polarization of ticket warehouse market is also intensifying. Developed provinces and big cities began to occupy more and more market share. Take the comparison between 1995 and 1996 as an example: among the 32 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in China, the top five provinces and municipalities accounted for 49% of the total box office in 1995, and the top ten accounted for 68%; In 1996, the top five provinces and cities rose to 56%, and the top ten provinces and cities rose to 75%, and the gap was getting bigger and bigger.

The beginning and end effects of the cinema are becoming more and more obvious. In 1996, there were about 500 cinemas in China, and the top 100 cinemas accounted for more than 35% of the box office. Of course, this was the overall trend of reform and opening up at that time. Let some people get rich first, that is, let some cities or cinemas prosper first. Polarization is also a normal phenomenon caused by fierce competition in the market.

Star Studios, since 1996, have also received more and more attention from the industry.

Among them, Shanghai Daguangming Studio is the first studio in China. This cinema alone has an annual box office output of 20 million, which is 1.69% of the national box office. The capital cinema, which is the number one in Beijing, scored exactly 20 million in 1996.

However, compared with the polarization of ticket warehouses, how to really produce good domestic blockbusters became the most puzzling problem for China filmmakers at that time. The problems faced during the period of institutional reform of the film industry were complicated, and how to carry out macro-control. The "Ninth Five-Year Plan" failed, and the rule that the number of domestic films and the proportion of films should account for more than two-thirds of the overall market at Changsha Conference has almost become a dead letter, but the road of "boutique strategy" for domestic films cannot be changed. Maybe the movie market in 1997 will give us a surprise?

–

　　On March 20, 2019, the national patrol work conference and the third round of patrol mobilization deployment meeting of the 19 th Central Committee were held in Beijing. The picture shows the conference site. Zhang Yixin/photo

　　On December 14, 2018, the Fourth Inspection Team of Tianjin Municipal Committee conducted a centralized judgment on the problems found in the joint inspection and inspection. Meng Jie/photo

　　Feidong County, Anhui Province has carried out in-depth special governance in the field of poverty alleviation, taking formalism and bureaucracy as important contents, comprehensively using effective measures such as first-line visits, stationing supervision, and patrol inspections, and intensifying inspections of poverty alleviation projects before, during, and in post supervision, so as to seriously pursue the responsibility of those responsible for poverty alleviation malpractices such as dereliction of duty, false poverty alleviation, and "digital poverty alleviation". The picture shows that on May 23, 2018, the supervision cadres of the Discipline Inspection Commission of Liangyuan Town, Feidong County went to the village to understand and verify the poverty alleviation projects in the breeding industry. Photo courtesy of the people Xu Qingyong/photo

　　Since the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core, the Central Leading Group for Inspection Work and inspection agencies at all levels have faithfully performed the duties entrusted by party constitution, strictly implemented the regulations on inspection work, unswervingly deepened political inspections, kept pace with the times, innovated ways and means, paid equal attention to finding problems and implementing rectification, actively explored up-and-down linkage, and achieved remarkable results and achieved a good start. The party’s patrol work adheres to practice, understanding, re-practice and re-understanding, deepening in inheritance and developing in deepening. In the face of the new era and new requirements, we must continue to thoroughly study and implement the important exposition and requirements of the Supreme Leader’s General Secretary on inspection work, sum up and apply the achievements of inspection theory, practice and system innovation, deepen the understanding of regularity, and strive to make inspection work more scientific, rigorous and effective, so as to make greater contributions to promoting the comprehensive and strict administration of the party, consolidating and developing the overwhelming victory in the anti-corruption struggle, winning the battle to build a well-off society in an all-round way, realizing the goal of "two hundred years" and realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

　　First, thoroughly study and implement the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era, and deeply understand the responsibility and mission of the inspection work in the new era.

　　Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the New Era is the latest achievement of Marxism in China, the action guide for the whole party and people to realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, and the guiding ideology that the party and the country must adhere to for a long time. This is a scientific conclusion drawn by our Party from the combination of history and reality, theory and practice, domestic and international, and enshrined in party constitution and the Constitution. We deeply feel that this important thought has been deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, showing the majestic power to lead the new era, the reform, development and stability of various undertakings have made continuous progress, and the pace of building a well-off society in an all-round way has been firmly advanced. To do a good job in the patrol work in the new era, it is essential to consistently arm the mind, guide practice and promote work with Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the new era, thoroughly implement the spirit of the 19th Party Congress, consciously think and understand in the overall situation of the party and the country, accurately grasp the responsibilities, missions and requirements entrusted by the new era, and earnestly enhance the ideological consciousness, political consciousness and action consciousness of doing a good job.

　　Deeply understand the important guarantee role of patrol in winning the victory and building a well-off society in an all-round way.Realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation is the greatest dream of China people in modern times. This dream embodies the long-cherished wish of several generations of Chinese. Standing in the new era, facing the unprecedented changes in the world and the complicated and ever-changing domestic and international situation, the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China made strategic arrangements for the goal of "two hundred years". This year and next year will be the crucial period and the closing period for building a well-off society in an all-round way and achieving the goal of the first century. The CPC Central Committee has deployed a series of major tasks. Central decision-making and implementation by all parties; The goal is set and must be implemented. The more important the historical juncture, the more arduous and arduous the task, the more we must resolutely achieve the "two maintenances", unite our will, act in unison, and move forward in unison; The more we must achieve "three strictness and three realities", earnestly perform our duties and responsibilities, and creatively implement them in combination with reality. As the party’s patrol and political patrol, patrol shoulders the great political responsibility of supervising the implementation of the party’s major policies and ensuring the smooth implementation of the Party Central Committee’s decrees. We must improve our political position and consciously serve the overall situation, adhere to the patrol work policy of "discovering problems, forming a shock, promoting reform and promoting development", resolutely break the formalism and bureaucracy in implementing the decision-making and deployment of the Party Central Committee, resolutely correct and cure problems such as selective implementation and false implementation, and form a political ecology with a clean atmosphere.Provide a strong guarantee for building a well-off society in an all-round way.

　　Deeply understand the important role of patrol in improving the supervision system of the party and the state.Our party’s overall leadership and long-term governance must put public power under effective supervision to ensure that public power is not abused or deteriorated. The Third Plenary Session of the Eighteenth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China made arrangements for comprehensively deepening the reform, proposed to strengthen the restriction and supervision system of power operation, and demanded to improve the inspection system of the central government, provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities to achieve full coverage of localities, departments, enterprises and institutions; The 19 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China made further arrangements for improving the supervision system of the party and the state, and demanded deepening political inspections; Party constitution has a special article in the "Party’s Organizational System" to stipulate the patrol inspection system. As a strategic institutional arrangement of inner-party supervision, patrol must closely focus on the goal of improving the party and state supervision system, promote the organic combination of top-down organizational supervision and bottom-up democratic supervision, promote the effective connection between patrol supervision and discipline supervision, supervision supervision and stationed supervision, promote the coordinated connection between inner-party supervision and external supervision, form a full-coverage power supervision pattern, let public power run under strict supervision, and let party member cadres and those who exercise public power get used to working and living in an environment under supervision and restraint, so as to ensure the use of power according to law.

　　Deeply understand the important sword role of patrol in unswervingly administering the party strictly and consolidating the overwhelming victory in the anti-corruption struggle.At present, new major achievements have been made in strictly administering the Party in an all-round way, and the anti-corruption struggle has won an overwhelming victory. However, the situation is still severe and complicated. Strictly administering the Party in an all-round way is always on the road. At any time, we must not have the idea of relaxing and resting our feet. We must be firm, persistent and make contributions for a long time. The patrol work should accurately grasp the situation and tasks of strictly administering the party in an all-round way, insist that the party should govern the party in an all-round way, persist in seeking truth from facts, adhere to the rule of law and discipline, persist in the word "strict" for a long time, dare to struggle, be good at fighting, play an important role in maintaining party rules, strictly observing party discipline, and improving party style, and play a unique role in promoting non-corruption, non-corruption and non-corruption. It is necessary to take finding problems as the main task, focus on key people, key things and key problems, maintain the high-pressure situation of punishing corruption, and continue to strengthen the shock of not daring to rot; Find out the shortcomings of the system and mechanism through inspections, promote deepening reform, improve the system, standardize the operation of power, and secure the cage that cannot be corrupted; Take patrol as the process of strengthening party spirit education, and guide party member cadres to strengthen the party’s consciousness and discipline consciousness, and enhance their consciousness of not wanting to rot. This is the fundamental responsibility of patrol as a weapon of the party and the country.

　　Second, closely follow the fundamental task of "two maintenance" and promote the concretization and normalization of political supervision.

　　Patrol is essentially political supervision. "the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China’s Opinions on Strengthening the Party’s Political Construction" clearly requires "deepening political inspections, strengthening political supervision, and making efforts to find and correct political deviations". To promote the high-quality development of inspections, political supervision must be strengthened. Political supervision is not vague, but concrete and practical. We should firmly grasp the "program" and "soul" of "two maintenance" and give full play to the role of political guidance. It is necessary to focus on the implementation of the political responsibilities of party committees (leading groups), supervise and inspect the implementation of the party’s line, principles and policies, the decision-making and deployment of the CPC Central Committee, and the implementation of the spirit of the important instructions of the Supreme Leader General Secretary, prevent and resolve major risks, and find and promote solutions to problems such as policies, countermeasures, orders and prohibitions. It is necessary to focus on strict political discipline and rules, strengthen supervision and inspection of the implementation of laws and regulations such as party constitution and certain norms of inner-party political life under the new situation, focus on finding and promoting solutions to problems such as political alienation, ideological degeneration, organizational cronyism, duplicity in action, double-dealing and "seven haves", and promote the purification of political ecology. We should focus on getting rid of formalism and bureaucracy, and urge party organizations at all levels and party member cadres to fully understand the serious harm of formalism and bureaucracy politically.Efforts should be made to find and promote the solution of formalism and bureaucracy problems in implementing the major decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee, connecting with the masses, serving economic and social development, learning style, inspection and investigation, and to thoroughly find and correct the wrong manifestations of not fearing, not caring, shouting slogans and pretending to be deployed by the CPC Central Committee, as well as the outstanding problems such as vague statements, making momentum in response to the situation, perfunctory responsibilities, etc., so as to promote the cracking of ideological roots and resolutely eradicate the breeding and spread of formalism and bureaucracy. We should focus on rectifying corruption and work style around the masses. Adhere to the people as the center, focus on finding and promoting the solution of people and things that the masses strongly reflect, and promote the solution of practical problems that affect the vital interests of the masses, so that the masses can feel that strict management of the party and the party is at hand, and that the integrity of the party and anti-corruption are at hand, and constantly consolidate the political foundation of the party’s governance. It is necessary to accurately grasp the connotation and scope of political supervision, analyze and judge problems realistically, and prevent generalization and simplification.

　　Three, closely form a "four full coverage" power supervision pattern, and promote the integration of inspection supervision and other supervision.

　　Since the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee has conducted two rounds of inspections and visited 65 party organizations. Party committees (party groups) of all provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities and central units conducted inspections of party organizations in 200 cities, 1,040 counties and 1,416 enterprises and institutions, and made solid progress in full coverage. The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed that it is necessary to promote full coverage with high quality, connect inspection supervision with other supervision, and focus on it in a three-dimensional way to form a joint force. We should thoroughly grasp the law of power supervision and effectively enhance the effectiveness of supervision. On the one hand, we should adhere to the patrol work policy, strengthen the problem orientation, combine patrol with purifying the political ecology, combine with rectifying the problems strongly reflected by the masses, and combine with solving the outstanding problems found in daily supervision. We should be good at finding problems, reporting problems truthfully, promoting the solution of problems, and give full play to the role of patrol in strengthening self-supervision within the party. On the other hand, we should pay more attention to improving the "four full coverage" supervision pattern of discipline supervision, supervision supervision, stationed supervision and patrol supervision, deepen the cooperation mechanism between patrol and discipline inspection and supervision, organization, audit, letters and visits, and build a scientific, strict and effective supervision network, so that supervision and restraint will follow wherever power is exercised. The central inspection agency and the State Supervision Commission of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection have studied and established a cooperation mechanism. Discipline inspection and supervision organs at all levels and inspection agencies should also establish and improve relevant mechanisms in light of the actual situation, share shared information, resources, strength, means and supervision results, and effectively turn institutional advantages into supervision efficiency.

　　Fourth, closely follow the "second half of the article" of the inspection and promote the implementation of the main responsibility and supervision responsibility of the inspection and rectification.

　　Patrol rectification is the touchstone to test the "four consciousnesses". If the rectification is not implemented, it is disloyal to the party and irresponsible to the people. It is necessary to take the promotion of rectification as the key link in the inspection work, and come up with effective and effective measures to grasp it and grasp it in place. It is necessary to compact the patrol and rectify the main responsibility. Establish a list of rectification responsibilities, and the party Committee (party group) secretary shall assume the responsibility of the first responsible person, and directly deploy, directly participate in and directly supervise the inspection and rectification. All members of the leading group should put their work, responsibilities and themselves into it, insist on starting from their own level, rectify any problems if there are any, and whoever should rectify them should resolutely prevent perfunctory response, shirking their responsibilities and making mistakes while changing, and resolutely prevent the simple accountability of subordinates from replacing the rectification at the same level. It is necessary to strengthen supervision and inspection of rectification. The discipline inspection and supervision organs should take the initiative to follow up, take the supervision and rectification as an important starting point for daily supervision, and do the daily supervision in depth and detail through investigation and supervision, letter supervision, on-site supervision, and return visit supervision. The organization department should organically combine the supervision and rectification with the daily work of selecting and employing people, and strengthen the organizational guarantee for rectification. It is necessary to combine solving common problems and outstanding problems with improving the system and promote the formation of a long-term mechanism for rectification. We should make good use of the sharp weapon of accountability, and be seriously accountable for the failure to implement the rectification responsibility and the ineffective rectification. It is necessary to improve the open mechanism for rectification. Take the public rectification as an important measure to stimulate the endogenous motivation of rectification, and regularly inspect the rectification, including the rectification measures, planning arrangements, rectification results and progress of the inspected party organizations.We must be specific, timely and accurate, consciously accept the supervision of the masses, and win the trust of the people with the effectiveness of rectification.

　　Five, closely follow the patrol work to develop in depth and extend to the grassroots, and promote the improvement of the patrol inspection pattern of up and down linkage and up and down.

　　It is a clear requirement of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China to establish a supervision network linking patrol inspection up and down. The fundamental purpose is to strengthen the centralized and unified leadership of the CPC Central Committee on patrol inspection, so as to achieve full horizontal coverage, full vertical links and "a game of chess" throughout the country. It is necessary to study and formulate the guidance of the up-and-down linkage supervision network for patrol inspection, strengthen the top-level design, improve the system and mechanism, and promote the construction of a more perfect, rigorous and efficient patrol inspection pattern. It is necessary to deepen the expansion of inspections in provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities. Provincial patrol is the key link of up-and-down linkage, which plays a connecting role. The party committees of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities should thoroughly implement the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee on inspection work in light of the actual situation, strengthen overall planning and make overall arrangements; Strengthen the leadership, guidance and supervision of the inspection work in cities and counties, patrol with patrol belts, coordinate regional linkage, and push the inspection work to the end. It is necessary to promote the inspection of central units by classification. The central unit has a wide range, a wide field and a large number, which is an important link of up-and-down linkage and integration. It is necessary to pay close attention to the study and formulation of guiding opinions on the inspection work of central units, strengthen classified guidance, and promote related work; Combined with the characteristics of industries and fields, we will establish a coordination mechanism with the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council, the Ministry of Education and other units to jointly promote the inspection and inspection of universities under the central management of enterprises, party committee secretaries and principals. It is necessary to promote the inspection of cities and counties to extend to the grassroots. City and county inspection is the basic link of up-and-down linkage. It is necessary to compact the main responsibility of city and county party committees, strengthen the organization and leadership of inspection work in this area, and formulate work plans and specific measures in time.Efforts will be made to strengthen the supervision and inspection of the implementation of the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee, such as benefiting the people and the people, tackling poverty, revitalizing the countryside, and eliminating evils, and strive to find and promote the solution of corruption and unhealthy practices around the masses, so that the masses can have more and more direct sense of happiness and security.

　　Six, closely follow the standardization of inspection work, and promote the compliance with the rules and regulations in accordance with the law throughout the whole process and all aspects.

　　Standardization of inspection work is an inherent requirement for implementing the rule of law and the rule of the party, and it is also an important guarantee for the high-quality development of inspection work. We should conscientiously implement the important requirements of the Supreme Leader General Secretary, improve working rules, standardize working procedures, strictly control internal management, and take standardization construction as a basic work. It is necessary to improve and implement the inspection system. Summarize the experience of practice and innovation in time, concretize and program the principled and general provisions in the party constitution and the patrol regulations, and gradually form an institutional system with party constitution as the foundation, patrol regulations as the mainstay, supporting supporting systems, coordinated content, strict procedures, complete facilities and effective use, so as to ensure that the patrol inspection work has rules to follow and rules to follow. Strengthen the implementation of the system, resolutely act according to the party rules, patrol regulations and work rules of party constitution, adhere to and improve the patrol report system, strictly implement the requirements of "not interfering with the normal work of the inspected areas (units) and failing to perform the duties of discipline review", strictly abide by the boundaries of duties and prevent chaos. It is necessary to strengthen information construction. Comprehensively promote the use of patrol inspection data management system, starting from the central patrol organization, and drive the whole system to connect up and down, integrate resources and form a joint force. Formulate guiding opinions on the informatization construction of patrol inspection, promote the establishment of a scientific, efficient and safe network platform for patrol inspection, make it reliable, controllable, usable and easy to use, and promote standardization through informatization. It is necessary to strengthen standardized team management. Put the party’s political construction in the first place and carry out in-depth "Do not forget your initiative mind, remember the mission "theme education, improve political consciousness and political ability. Select the team leader and deputy team leader, strengthen the education and training of discipline and law of patrol cadres, and improve the professional level of team rule of law. Strict discipline requirements, fully implement the post-evaluation system of discipline style, seriously investigate and deal with behaviors such as patrolling for personal gain, exceeding authority, running wind and leaking air, and resolutely prevent "black under the lamp".

Destroy data and roll up actual combat "shock wave"
?
—— A brigade of the 26th Army made a real explosion drill and broke through the traditional training concept.
?

The moment when the armor-piercing projectile damaged the tank, our special correspondent Qiu Chengliang took a photo.

introduction

How to fight? How do soldiers practice? A brigade of the 26th Army has used 11 kinds of ammunition to conduct real explosion drills on 37 armored combat vehicles, artillery, transport vehicles and other equipment of 5 categories, and collected thousands of groups of target damage data. The brigade entered this data into the system to evaluate the strike effect, and many conclusions broke through the traditional training concept, opening a new field of vision for officers and men in actual combat training.

The first hit doesn’t mean effective damage, only hitting the key can defeat the enemy with one blow.

Three shells hit a tank with composite armor one after another. I thought the victory was in hand, but the evaluation result was unexpected: "Hit the frontal armor, no substantial damage was caused to the target, and the damage was invalid!" This conclusion made Shi Yong, a "super shooter" of a brigade of the 26th Army, very depressed.

"When I was a soldier for 14 years, I experienced hundreds of large and small exercises. As long as it was the first hit, it was rated as an effective shooting. I didn’t expect to hit a nail in front of the real guy."

In fact, Shi Yong was not the only one who hit a nail in this live-fire drill. According to the leader of the brigade, more than 10 super shooters in the whole brigade were defeated in the first round of real shooting.

The actual data questioned the traditional training concept-is it actual combat when a gun is fired and a cannon is fired? Ammunition consumption, meters, seconds, rings … Can these indicators be simply equated with fighting skills?

These two question marks not only hover on the training ground, but also weigh on the hearts of the "group of people" of the brigade party Committee. Actual combat training is not an empty slogan, it must stand the test of actual combat standards. To this end, they introduced the actual training data into actual combat training, re-examined the traditional training methods and tactics, and seven "gold medal courses" that did not meet the actual combat standards were stuck outside the training ground.

Problems on the training ground must be solved on the training ground. In the subsequent resumption, Shi Yong and other defeated shooters made "zero distance" contact with the hit tanks, and compared the collected damage data, repeatedly analyzed and found out the reasons for not forming effective damage.

"The first aiming position should be the engine compartment of the tank. If you attack with an armor-piercing projectile, even if it can’t be destroyed, it will cause damage to the crawler and lead to paralysis …" At the military democracy meeting, officers and men had a deeper understanding of the first hit.

The first enemy to fire does not mean to seize the opportunity. Only by measuring the enemy’s troops can we win every battle.

The brigade has 701 vehicles in the 3rd Battalion and 7th Company, which is the best "red flag vehicle" in the whole brigade. It has shot down 326 targets in previous exercises. However, in this drill, because the enemy fired first, they not only missed each other, but became living targets.

The leader of the brigade told the reporter that according to the battlefield data, the target tank is better than ours in terms of artillery range and armor protection. In the face of such a strong enemy, the first enemy to fire will not achieve the effect of destroying the enemy, but will be exposed prematurely, thus falling into the unfavorable situation of "the enemy can beat me and I can’t beat the enemy."

"Driving into a pit can reduce the exposed area, and you can hit and run by relying on the soil slope, and drilling into shrubs can interfere with ranging …" Li Ruijie, a tank driver, told reporters that in order to overcome the weakness of his own tank and attack the enemy as much as possible, it is necessary to not only lower the "posture" but also make good use of the surrounding topography and protect himself before attacking the enemy.

The reporter saw at the drill site that Li Ruijie’s motorcade simply circled around the other side for maneuver defense, attracting the "enemy" tanks to keep turning, while another tank of its own took this opportunity to approach quickly and quickly, aiming at the enemy’s weak points and shooting a fatal blow, staged a wonderful confrontation with the inferior to win the superior.

The central position is not equal to the key position, and only by selecting the target can we get twice the result with half the effort.

It’s better to miss than to hit right! If this matter is usually placed on any officer, it is unbelievable. But it happened firmly in the actual combat environment.

"boom! Boom! " With two loud noises, two anti-tank missiles from the second battalion of Bubu successively hit the turrets of two tanks, and at that time the flames soared. The reporter went out with the rescue team and saw that the first missile hit the center of the turret and the second hit the lower left of the turret.

Just as the officers and men cheered for the first missile, the battlefield damage data showed that the first missile only damaged the gun bolt; The second shot destroyed the vehicle-mounted radio and artillery aiming mechanism, and hit the tank ammunition bin, which was better than the first shot.

The evaluation results surprised officers and men, and the traditional training concept of winning by hitting the bull’s-eye for many years was a bit untenable. "In the past, actual combat training was unilaterally understood as playing live ammunition, blindly emphasizing playing more, playing well and playing accurately, and the research on the damage effect of hitting targets was not deep." The brigade leader said that this time, the brigade party Committee introduced the actual combat data into the actual combat training, guided the training with the training concept based on effect combat, and established the actual combat coordinate system supported by damage data.

The target damage data system is impacting the brigade’s traditional operational concept. The reporter was pleasantly surprised to see at the brigade training ground that the target target changed from the "white cloth target" in the past to a real tank, and the fixed target became a mobile target. The officers and men studied the tactics and play with reference to the damage data collected by the actual combat. Talking about these changes, Kong Chen, the squad leader of Bubu No.5 Company, was deeply touched: "The target bull’s-eye in actual combat needs combatants to find it with their brains."

Battlefield viewpoint

Learn to "fight with data"

■ Ma Shujiang

The actual combat is not real, the effect is how, the experience does not count, and the data has the right to speak. Operational data has become a key factor in the generation of combat effectiveness, and the search, analysis and processing of data will become a decisive factor in winning future wars.

Information is the eye, data is the courage. The characteristic of actual combat is precision. Accuracy, precision and fineness all come from specific data information. Only by being good at speaking with data can we accurately judge the target, select the key points and accurately release the energy.

Under the conditions of modern warfare, operational advantages are concentrated in information advantages, which are highly dependent on data advantages. Nowadays, all kinds of information equipment of our army are installed in succession. However, it is not enough to have information-based weapons and equipment. Commanders also need to be able to construct data, digest data and be good at speaking with data. In every link and element of combat, data should be used for embodiment, data expression, data proof and data decision.

Good calculation has a chance of winning. Data is indispensable to mastering the truth, scientific decision-making depends on data, and it is necessary to attach importance to data to defeat the enemy. Only by constantly strengthening data awareness and cultivating the habit of fighting with data can we make the battlefield nerves more sensitive and ensure our army to win more.