I drive a Camry (parameter picture) twin engine, and there are three shortcomings that are unacceptable, and it is really expensive to change the battery. I advise people who want to buy a hybrid car to think twice, otherwise it will be too late to regret it!

The automobile industry is experiencing a great change that has never happened in a hundred years, and it has become an inevitable trend to develop new energy vehicles.

Plug-in hybrid vehicles and pure electric vehicles are the main models in the future, while hybrid electric vehicles will be eliminated in the future!

This is the real reason why Corolla twin-engine, Camry twin-engine, CR-V and other hybrid vehicles can’t be on the "green card"!

However, at present, Toyota and Honda-based hybrid electric vehicles have achieved high sales, and many consumers are waiting to see and want to buy a hybrid electric vehicle.

So is the current hybrid car worth buying? What are the shortcomings?

Next, I will analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the hybrid car and how much it costs to replace the battery, hoping to give some valuable information to readers who want to buy a hybrid car.

What’s the difference between Toyota THS, Honda i-MMD and BYD DM-i? Did DM-i learn from Honda i-MMD?

We want to know whether the hybrid car is worth buying. First, we need to understand the working principle of the hybrid car, so as to understand the advantages and disadvantages of the hybrid car!

At present, Toyota THS and Honda i-MMD hybrid systems are the main hybrid vehicles. Although both of them are hybrid systems, their working principles are obviously different.

The working principles of Honda i-MMD and BYD DM-i are more similar, so Honda CR-V has two hybrid models, one is a hybrid electric vehicle, and the other is a plug-in hybrid vehicle.

Honda’s i-MMD oil-electric hybrid uses clutches to realize three driving modes.

The first pure electric modeWhen the engine does not work, the clutch of the power separation device is disconnected, the vehicle is directly driven by the motor, and the power battery provides the power source. At this time, the working principle is the same as that of a pure electric vehicle.

The second hybrid modeThe vehicle is still directly driven by the driving motor, and the engine works normally. At this time, the power clutch is disconnected, and the engine is only responsible for driving the motor to generate electricity, and does not directly participate in the driving.

At this time, the working mode is more like an extended-range electric vehicle, and the driving principle is the same as that of an extended-range electric vehicle in Li ONE, so the engine always runs at the highest efficiency and the fuel economy is very high.

The third engine direct drive modeThe engine is working, the power clutch is closed, and the driver controls the power output of the engine through the throttle. At this time, the working mode is the same as that of the fuel vehicle.

When the vehicle needs to overtake and speed up, the motor intervenes to drive, and the auxiliary engine drives the vehicle together. At this time, the vehicle has the strongest power.

The above three driving modes are basically consistent with the working principle of BYD DM-i. Some people think that DM-I borrowed the working principle of i-MMD, but as early as 2008, BYD introduced F3DM, which is the world’s first mass-produced dual-mode vehicle.

The working principle of BYD F3DM is not the same as that of the familiar Tang DM, but the same as that of the Song Plus DM-I. As for why it was not accepted by the market at that time, the main reason was that the engine carried by the F3DM was too poor.

The DM engine is equipped with a 1.0L three-cylinder engine, and its power output is not strong. In the hybrid mode, the power output is insufficient, which makes it impossible to play the advantages of the hybrid mode, so it was eliminated by the market.

In 2012, Honda released the i-MMD hybrid technology, and in 2013, it officially launched the production model, so it was not DM-i that borrowed from i-MMD.

Toyota THS has developed into THS II, which is much better than the previous generation and can be divided into two driving modes.

The first pure electric modeThe engine does not participate in the work and will not start, and the vehicle is driven entirely by the motor, which is the first difference from Honda i-MMD.

However, the pure electric mode of Toyota THS II has a disadvantage, taking Camry twin engines as an example.

Because the battery is only 1.3kwh, it can only be turned on when the power is sufficient, and the pure electric mode can only travel about 2KM, and the speed cannot exceed 50km/h, otherwise it will directly exit the pure electric mode.

It can be said that the pure electric mode of Camry dual-engine is relatively small, but the application scenarios are still relatively rich. For example, the pure electric mode can be enabled when moving cars in short distances, congested roads and queuing, which can avoid the engine idling for a long time.

On the one hand, it can avoid carbon deposition caused by long idle speed of the engine, on the other hand, the engine stops working to achieve the purpose of saving fuel.

The second hybrid mode, due to the working principle of Toyota THS II, is divided into two working states in hybrid mode.

The first working stateDuring normal driving, when the Toyota THS II exits the pure electric mode, the vehicle directly enters the hybrid mode, and the engine and motor drive the vehicle at the same time.

When the power output by the engine is greater than the driving force required by the vehicle, the engine will drive the generator to charge the battery.

The second working stateWhen speeding up overtaking, long-distance climbing and high-speed driving, the engine and motor will still drive the vehicle together, but the engine will use all the power to drive the vehicle and the generator will stop charging the battery.

The power battery also uses all the electricity for motor-driven vehicles, at which time the vehicle has the strongest power. Because Toyota THS II has no engine direct drive mode, this is the second difference from Honda i-MMD.

The first disadvantage, the characteristics of the hybrid working mode of oil and electricity, can’t be green, can’t be exempted from purchase tax, and the price is expensive, saving fuel but not saving money.

Whether Toyota’s THS II or Honda’s i-MMD, the energy for driving vehicles in pure electric mode still comes from fuel.

The cruising range of pure electricity is too short, and the motor is only an auxiliary function. The main driving mode is the engine.

Therefore, hybrid electric vehicles are not new energy vehicles, so they can’t get a green license, and they can’t enjoy the same exemption from purchase tax as plug-in hybrid vehicles.

Take Camry twin engines as an example. The starting price is 219,800 yuan, 40,000 yuan more than the fuel version of the entry-level Camry, and 20,000 yuan more than the fuel version of the Camry with the same configuration.

Imagine that the hybrid of oil and electricity does save fuel, but can it save fuel and money?

I’ll work out an account for you.

With the same configuration, the fuel consumption of the fuel version Camry is 5.7L； per 100 kilometers; The average fuel consumption of Camry twin engines is 4.1L per 100 kilometers.

• The dual-engine version saves 1.6L fuel consumption per 100 kilometers compared with the fuel version.
• No.95 gasoline is 7.51 yuan per liter.

Camry dual engine saves 12.016 yuan in fuel per 100 kilometers compared with the fuel version of Camry. Driving 100 kilometers can save fuel in 12 yuan. Is it worth buying a hybrid car?

If the extra 20,000 yuan for purchasing the dual-engine version is used as fuel money,

20 thousand yuan can buy 95 # gasoline 150200L L.

The dual-engine version saves 1.6L fuel consumption per 100 kilometers compared with the fuel version.

Then Camry twin engines need to travel 93,875 kilometers to save the extra 20,000 yuan.

However, more than 90,000 kilometers, in addition to operating vehicles, basically few car owners can save fuel and money.

If a private car travels 10,000 kilometers a year, it will take at least 9 years to save money on fuel return, so it is said that hybrid electric vehicles save fuel but not money.

Moreover, it is not the same as plug-in hybrid cars. Although plug-in hybrid cars are also fuel-efficient and do not save money, they can get a green card without purchase tax, which is suitable for car owners.

Therefore, the first unacceptable disadvantage of the hybrid electric vehicle is that it saves fuel and does not save money. With the working principle similar to that of the plug-in hybrid vehicle, it can’t be a green card!

The second disadvantage is that the engine is noisy.

The engine noise of hybrid electric vehicle is very loud, which I felt on Camry twin engines, but it is not disturbing all the time, mainly in two cases, the engine noise will be very obvious.

In the first case, the cold car starts.

When the battery is fed, the cold car starts again. At this time, the engine noise of Camry dual-engine will be very loud, and the engine noise can be felt in the whole underground garage. Sometimes it will be caused by traffic jams for a long time, which may be because the engine water temperature is low.

When the car is cold, the engine can’t reach the best state, but it needs to drive the motor to charge the battery, which leads to the noise of the engine increasing under the combination of these two States.

In the second case, when driving at high speed, the battery is strongly charged.

When the Camry twin engines are driving on the highway, the engine cannot directly drive the vehicle due to the hybrid characteristics of Toyota THS II, so the battery must be charged.

Because the vehicle runs at high speed, it requires high power. At this time, it is necessary to drive both the vehicle and the motor to charge the battery, which leads to insufficient engine power.

In order to complete these two working conditions at the same time, the engine can only increase the speed, because the self-priming engine can only obtain the best power output at high speed.

Therefore, when driving at high speed and the battery is strongly charged, the noise of the engine will become very large. If it is sensitive to noise, it will affect the driving experience.

The third disadvantage is that the battery capacity is too small, and the power connection will shake.

As mentioned earlier, the battery capacity of the Camry twin-engine is only 1.3kwh, so it can only travel at a low speed of about 2km, which means that the Camry twin-engine basically travels in hybrid mode.

However, when switching from pure electricity to hybrid mode, sometimes there will be jitter, sometimes very small, sometimes very large, and sometimes not at all.

This is related to the small battery capacity. When the battery feed is switched to the hybrid mode, the engine needs to drive the vehicle and the engine to generate electricity at the same time, so the engine power is insufficient, and the power connection jitter appears.

If the power is switched when the battery is fully charged, and the engine and the battery drive the vehicle at the same time, there will be no jitter.

Therefore, the jitter caused by too small a battery may be unavoidable. This shortcoming is actually good, but it is somewhat unacceptable for car owners who pursue perfection.

Replacing the battery is expensive, so drive carefully.

Toyota and Honda’s hybrid electric system can be said to be very mature, and they all adopt "shallow charging and shallow discharging" to extend the battery life.

As long as the battery capacity of Toyota THS system is lower than 60%, it will stop discharging directly, while that of Honda is 55%.

This has both advantages and disadvantages. The advantage is that the battery can always be kept at more than 50%, which can increase the number of battery cycles and prolong the battery life.

The disadvantage is that the battery capacity of the hybrid electric vehicle is very small, and it is lightly charged and discharged every time, which makes it impossible to switch the power output mode for a long distance, which may cause the body to shake.

Due to the protection methods adopted by Toyota and Honda for the power battery, under normal use, the battery will basically not decay to the point where it cannot be used normally or be damaged.

Moreover, Toyota guarantees the battery for 8 years or 200,000 kilometers, and Honda guarantees the battery for 10 years or 200,000 kilometers, so the owner does not have to worry about battery damage, and it is expensive to replace the battery.

However, if the battery is damaged by the owner, it is not cheap to replace a battery.

Theoretically, taking the Camry dual engine as an example, the battery capacity is only 1.3kwh. At present, the power battery is 1,300 yuan /kwh, and it is 1,300 yuan to change a battery, plus the working hours are up to 3,000 yuan.

In fact, according to the maintenance cost of replacing the power battery exposed by the owner, it is obvious that it cost 23,848 yuan to replace the battery.

Therefore, it is not cheap to replace the battery in a hybrid electric vehicle, but as long as you drive normally, you basically don’t have to worry about the cost of replacing the battery.

Advantages of hybrid gasoline-electric vehicle

Although I mentioned the disadvantages of hybrid electric vehicles, its advantages cannot be ignored.

1. Whether driving at high speed or in traffic jam, the fuel consumption is relatively stable, and the fuel consumption per 100 kilometers is basically about 5L, which is very suitable for car owners who often run long distances.

2. A tank of oil can run more than 1000 kilometers, so you don’t have to worry about mileage anxiety, and you don’t have to refuel frequently. In today’s fast pace of life, the time saved is money.

3. No matter under any working conditions, the power of the hybrid electric vehicle can come at any time, the power output is better than that of the fuel vehicle, and the power ride comfort and driving experience are incomparable to that of the fuel vehicle.

The extra cost of buying a hybrid electric car may not be able to save fuel and money, but the driving experience is great!

Write it at the end

Hybrid cars are worth buying, but not for everyone.

If you don’t use cars frequently, don’t run at high speed, and just commute to work, then a fuel car is enough.

If there are requirements for power, endurance and long-distance driving, then a hybrid electric vehicle is worth buying.

If you buy a hybrid electric car just to save money, then I advise you to think twice. Actually, it doesn’t save money. If you buy it rashly, it’s too late to regret it!

　　China Weather Network News "Others laugh at me for wearing thick clothes, and I laugh at others for being frozen." After a cold wave at the beginning of November, the cold air was uninterrupted, and many places in China experienced a night of winter. Today (November 10th), a new strong cold air has been delivered, with a sharp drop in temperature and a wide range of influence. It will go all the way south to northern South China, and 30 provincial-level cities will hit a new low in the second half of this year. Coincides with the "Double Eleven" period, it may not only be a shopping cart, but also a bone-chilling cold. China Weather Network launched a national early warning map of down jackets to see where it will experience bone-chilling cold, and it is necessary to wrap a long and thick down jacket.

　　National down jacket warning map released, two-thirds of the country needs down jacket protection.

　　At the beginning of November, affected by the cold wave, many places experienced a big reversal of cold and warm, taking off cool summer clothes and turning out warm equipment such as long pants and coats. However, the cooling is far from over, and a new cold air has been delivered. From now until the beginning of next week, a large-scale temperature bottoming contest will be held in the central and eastern regions of China, and 30 provincial-level cities will set a new low in the second half of this year.

　　According to Zhang Juan, a meteorologist of China Weather Network, this strong cold air process will boost the winter process in North China, Huanghuai and other places, and the impact will also go deep into the south, bringing about a big temperature dive, and two-thirds of the country needs down jackets to protect itself.

　　According to the national early warning map of down jackets launched by China Weather Network, three days from now, Northeast China, Inner Mongolia and other places will experience the freezing cold, and the areas that need to wear down jackets will go south with the main body of cold air and reach the northern part of South China.

　　On November 10th, the main body of cold air mainly affects friends in the north, Qinghai, most of Tibet, the northeast and the central and eastern Inner Mongolia. The lowest temperature can be reduced to -20℃ to -15℃, and it will be frozen in minutes when going out, and the temperature is below freezing point during the day. It is necessary to wrap a long thick down jacket in cold weather all day. Most of Xinjiang, North China, Huanghuai, Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia and other places will also experience the cold below freezing point in the morning and evening. For example, the lowest temperature in Beijing dropped to -3℃ on the morning of the 11th, which will set a new low in the second half of this year, and it is also necessary to keep warm and wind-resistant down jackets.

　　On November 11th, with the cold air heading south, the highest temperature in most parts of the south of the Yangtze River will drop to around 15℃. Although it is not as chilly as the north, the temperature will also hit a new low in the second half of this year. Coupled with the rain, the wet and cold feeling is obvious, and it is not enough to wear a coat. You can apply for a down vest.

　　On November 12, cold air continued to penetrate south, and the area where down jackets were needed was extended to the south of the Yangtze River. Like Changsha, the highest temperature on the 12th will drop to 9℃, so it’s time to put on a down vest. As the temperature drops in eastern Inner Mongolia, northwestern Shanxi, northwestern Shaanxi and some places in Xinjiang, it will be frozen all day, so it is necessary to wrap a long thick down jacket when going out.

　　After the cold wave crosses Nanling Mountain, its influence will be obviously weakened, and its influence on most parts of South China is a spent force. The cooling range is limited, and the maximum temperature will drop from 30℃ to about 20℃. The body feels slightly cool, long sleeves and coats are enough, and down jackets will continue to press the bottom of the box.

　　How to choose down jackets these three misunderstandings need to be avoided.

　　The footsteps of winter continue to press south, and the weather is getting colder and colder. Down jacket is essential as the ultimate warm artifact. China Weather Network has identified three misunderstandings in the selection of down jackets. Have you been recruited?

　　The quality of down jacket can be identified from the aspects of filler, bulkiness, softness and fabric, which can refer to the four-step method. At first glance, the filler can be identified. Check the label to find out the type and content of the filler. A down jacket with less than 50% cashmere can’t be called. Press twice to test the bulkiness. By pressing down the down jacket to test the bulkiness, the down jacket with high bulkiness has enough air layer to strengthen the warmth. Three touches, experience softness. Feel the softness of the down jacket by touching it. The down jacket with high softness has lower down stalk content and higher down feather content. Four beats, beat the down jacket to test whether the fabric is hairy.

　　The strong cold air process coincides with the "Double Eleven", and many small partners’ goods have already flown on the road, and the rain and snow weather brought by cold air may affect the progress of logistics and distribution. Snowfall will occur in Xinjiang, Qinghai and other places, and logistics may be blocked; There will also be a large-scale precipitation and logistics slowdown in the south. Vehicles are easy to slip in snowfall weather, which increases the hidden danger of traffic accidents and thus affects the timeliness of logistics distribution. Express logistics enterprises need to pay special attention to weather forecast and early warning and other relevant information, make emergency plans for sudden weather changes, strengthen after-sales service links such as logistics distribution and cargo transshipment, and minimize the impact of disastrous weather on logistics and transportation.

　　China Weather Network reminds us that this year’s "Double Eleven" express is under great pressure, and the delivery task of the courier brother is even more arduous due to the cold weather and inconvenient transportation caused by rainy and snowy days. If there is a short delay in delivery, everyone can give more tolerance and understanding. Finally, I wish everyone’s packages can arrive in time without being affected by the weather. (Text/Jiang Yi Design/Luo Jiaxue Data Support/Zhang Juan)

　　Pupils perform programming operations under the guidance of teachers. Photo by Zheng Jiawei

　　BEIJING, Beijing, December 22 (Zheng Jiawei) "Programming education is not to cultivate code farmers, but to cultivate students’ programming ability, and the most important thing is the process, which trains the way of thinking in the process of presenting logical thinking and finally solves practical problems in life." Dr. Yu Xiaoya, a professor at Beijing Institute of Education, said.

　　On the 21st, an observation activity and seminar on innovative classroom teaching of programming education in primary and secondary schools was held in Beijing. On the day of the meeting, teachers from all over the country gathered in the No.1 Primary School of Exhibition Road, Xicheng District, Beijing to observe the programming demonstration class provided by the No.1 Primary School of Exhibition Road, and discuss how to further cultivate students’ innovative thinking and practical ability after the course.

　　In the demonstration class, under the guidance of the teacher, the students in Grade 5 of the primary school used the programming cat tool to complete the animation production and the programming of the voice-activated lighting system, respectively. Many students said that they liked the hands-on operation in class very much and wanted to continue to play programming when they got home.

　　Guan Jiying, one of the two teachers who participated in the demonstration class, was responsible for teaching the programming of acoustic control lighting system. After the students finished the basic programming of acoustic control system, she further inspired the students to think about the practical application of acoustic control system, and finally guided the students to program the noise indicator system. When the surrounding voices were normal, the green light turned on, but when the voice was too loud, it turned red.

　　On July 8th, this year, the State Council issued the Development Plan of the New Generation of Artificial Intelligence, specifically proposing to implement the national intelligence education project, set artificial intelligence related courses in primary and secondary schools, gradually promote programming education, and encourage social forces to participate in the development and promotion of educational programming teaching software and games.

　　Zhu Hui, a researcher in Xicheng District, Beijing, said in an interview with Zhongxin.com that although the State Council issued a notice to add programming to the classrooms of primary and secondary schools, schools still need to choose appropriate programming tools in the actual operation process to make this requirement a reality.

　　According to Zhu Hui, programming education in Xicheng District has always been in the forefront of Beijing. From the first computer elective course in 1982 to the graphical programming language education with "programming cats", it has always focused on cultivating students’ procedural thinking and solving problems in real life. (End)

On June 6th, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, and the Ministry of Commerce once again pushed the development of new energy vehicles-"Implementation Plan for Promoting the Updating and Upgrading of Key Consumer Goods and Smooth Resource Recycling (2019-2020)" was released. The importance of this document can basically be understood as the main theme of the post-new energy vehicle era. That night, we took a look at the dynamics in the circle, which is roughly like this:

From a fundamental point of view, this is a promotion document for digesting production capacity nationwide, which is good for all companies in all industries, large and small. On the other hand, the switching of fuel vehicles in China is the icing on the cake. However, this Dragon Boat Festival, the vast majority of car companies and pile companies have spent a uneasy festival. To sum up, people who have no long-term worries will have near worries.

From the point of view of energy supplement, there are several points worthy of attention in this document: how to go in the future in the process of changing tracks from policy-driven to market-driven in China’s new energy automobile industry.

Judging from the logic of the new energy automobile industry in the full text of the policy, it mainly guides the industry from two aspects: encouraging the upstream and downstream of the new energy automobile industry to continue research and development, promoting cost reduction and efficiency improvement, perfecting the energy supplement system and improving the market application of new energy vehicles. The document specifically mentions that it is necessary to learn from the power exchange mode and application experience in the field of public services, and encourage enterprises to develop new energy vehicle products with the combination of charging and power exchange, flexible battery configuration and long driving range. Therefore, we feel it is necessary to show past lives, the power exchange mode, to everyone.

01 Sadness Xia Jiaxi and His Better Place

In 2007, Shay Xia Jiaxi put forward the power exchange technology, and then founded a power exchange company called Better Place in Israel. After the financing of $850 million was changed in 2013, Xia Jiaxi and his dream of Better Place collapsed. Even though the valuation reached an unprecedented $2.25 billion at that time, the hopeless power exchange model was ruthlessly abandoned by capital.

Xia Jiaxi’s Ambition and the Legacy of Better place

In the early days of its establishment, Xia Jiaxi foresaw that the power battery, a key component that directly affects consumers’ desire to buy, would not improve by leaps and bounds in the short term. The most direct way to solve the mileage anxiety is to form the same energy supply efficiency as fuel supply for fuel vehicles. The energy supplement market bred by the emerging industry of electric vehicles will directly subvert the existing energy structure and consumption mode. Under such a market positioning setting, Xia Jiaxi boldly left SAP.

One year after the establishment of Better place, Israel’s first "power exchange station" was established. First, it signed a cooperation agreement with Renault to provide 100,000 Fluence ZE electric vehicles (but the actual order was less than 1%). Better Place started with 750 drivers in Israel, and the charge for electricity exchange service includes battery rent and electricity exchange fee. Although the hardware cost, battery maintenance cost and education cost of consumers and enterprises were incomprehensible at that time, Xia Jiaxi did not hesitate to continue to burn money in Denmark and the United States, but at that time, car companies still had great doubts about the development of new energy vehicles, and the convenience and use cost of customer-side power exchange mode were not particularly different from those of traditional fuel vehicles. Better Place only launched thousands of vehicles around the world until it was closed.

The end of the road for Better Place seems to be ill-timed now. After all, the overall environment of the new energy automobile industry is far from the same. However, Better Place has left a complete chassis power exchange technology for future generations, and the value generated by the experience in the operation process is immeasurable.

Schematic diagram of Better Place power exchange station and power exchange

02 Phased tasks of State Grid

863 Program-the Beginning of Power Exchange Technology

In 2006, the domestic electric vehicle industry was still in its infancy. The State Grid responded to the call of the country to start the electric vehicle project, and Zhejiang Power Grid is the top priority to implement the project. At that time, the first project leader of Zhejiang Power Grid participated in the project was Mr. Nie Liang (the first person in the domestic market application field of power exchange mode). In 2010, his team developed and completed the first licensed pure electric vehicle in China, and completed the reserve of basic power exchange technology. In the same year, Nie Liang was responsible for building the Zhejiang project of intelligent charging and replacing power service network. Different from Better Place, a pioneer in power exchange, State Grid developed a set of standard box power exchange technology after understanding the chassis power exchange technology. In Hangzhou, 500 power exchange taxis were piloted with Langyue and Prima models and high box standard boxes, and the business model of "separation of vehicles and electricity and mileage charging" was put forward and verified for the first time in this project.

Power exchange stations and standard boxes piloted by State Grid in Hangzhou

It can be said that the power exchange technology was basically a system at that time, and the pilot effect was quite satisfactory. Later, the Beijing-Shanghai trip organized by State Grid set a fire for the development of power exchange. What’s more interesting is that. In August 2010, State Grid joined the "China Enterprise Electric Vehicle Industry Alliance" and served as the chairman of the charging and service professional committee. At that time, State Grid determined the basic idea of its own intelligent charging and replacing operation mode, that is, mainly replacing electricity, supplemented by plug-in, centralized charging and unified distribution. In other words, the development direction of state grid is to change power stations, not. In line with the above development ideas, State Grid also reserves advanced technologies such as battery balancing, battery automatic replacement equipment and battery cascade utilization. These forward-looking explorations and pre-research have laid a solid theoretical foundation for the budding electric vehicle industry, pointed out the general direction of technical development, and established the development path and ideological system of the whole industry. Today, these technologies have been widely used, especially the chassis replacement mode and standard battery box technology, which have become the mainstream of domestic electric vehicles. However, during 2013 -2014, State Grid did suspend the project of replacing new energy vehicles with electricity due to the change of the main task direction of enterprises. We inquired about the relevant historical information and found that apart from the change of the main tasks of enterprises, the irreconcilable contradiction with car companies is also one of the development factors that hinder their power exchange mode. After all, no car company is willing to become a subsidiary of State Grid. At that time, a director of the National Development and Reform Commission once said: "State Grid should put its position right and cooperate with car companies to develop electric vehicles with a more open attitude."However, State Grid’s insistence on the power exchange mode is not only not conducive to its stable position in the electric vehicle infrastructure market, but also more likely to restrict the development of electric vehicles. In other words, the failure to get through the industrial chain has become the biggest factor for the grounding of the State Grid’s power exchange model. On the other hand, the national policies at that time, such as subsidies and the environment of new energy vehicles, were still relatively weak. Therefore, although the State Grid ran through the business model of power exchange, it was unable to open up the industrial chain to form a business ecology due to institutional factors, and it was inevitable to suspend the power exchange project.

03-The sharing mode has no future.

After the State Grid froze the power exchange mode, Tesla, an American star company, demonstrated its 90-second quick exchange technology in 2013, once again detonating the problem of changing the phone all over the world, but soon Tesla will develop specifically for supercharger 3. From a technical point of view, Tesla still follows the chassis power exchange idea of Better place, but it is further improved in speed. But when "Iron Man" saw the fatal defect of chassis-type power exchange-abnormal batteries can not be shared across car models, and the compatibility of power exchange stations is low, so low compatibility can not improve operational efficiency. It is even more unrealistic to integrate the resources of car companies and form a common standard. In such a complicated power changing environment, Tesla silently quit to change the power stage.

Schematic diagram of Tesla power exchange technology

The rise of 04 module box-splitting power exchange technology

In 2014, Nie Liang left the State Grid after seeing the possibility of opening up the industrial chain of the power exchange system and constructing the power exchange ecology. In the same year, Hangzhou Botan was established, and based on the power exchange of State Grid, the low-box standard box battery was further developed. Compared with the standard box of State Grid in 2010, the low-box standard box battery can be directly placed in the vehicle chassis (the original high-box standard box battery of State Grid needs to be placed under the back seat of the vehicle or in the trunk of the vehicle), and the stability and safety of the vehicle are greatly improved. On the other hand, at that time, the large-scale travel business began to exert its strength, and the market segment paid unprecedented attention to the operation economy of fuel and new energy vehicles. The split-box power exchange mode combined with the large-scale travel business perfectly solved the problems of operating costs and energy replenishment efficiency, and the module split-box power exchange ushered in its historical opportunity.

Standard charging cabinet and standard box batteries for module box-changing.

So, what is the principle of module splitting? First of all, the main dimensions of the TEU are completely the same, but according to the iteration of power battery technology, the energy density can be continuously improved. At present, the single TEU is mainly 15KWH (see the figure below). According to the requirements of vehicle models, different numbers of TEU power batteries are arranged on the vehicle chassis (2/4 for passenger cars and 6 or even 8 for logistics vehicles). Because the box size is the same at the initial stage of design, the power exchange station can exchange power for all vehicles using TEU, no matter which main engine factory they are made, thus completing the development of three limited power exchange modes: compatibility of power exchange equipment and vehicle models, compatibility of charging equipment with TEU, and recycling of circulating batteries.

05 Inventory of Power Exchange in China at the Present Stage

In 2016, the chassis replacement technology that sank for a period of time reappeared in the field of vision. This time, Cai Dongqing created Shanghai Aodong New Energy Automobile Technology Co., Ltd., and made continuous efforts in the power replacement business, and then quickly followed up. Sort out the development path of domestic power exchange technology, which is roughly as follows:

Mainstream power exchange technology: module splitting and chassis power exchange, as shown below:

It is worth noting that at present, the two modes of automatic route for power exchange are slightly different. Six-axis robots are mainly used for power exchange in modules, and RGV is mainly used for chassis change, which is roughly as follows.

Market application: Beiqi Weilai Xinchufeng is used for chassis power exchange, Dongfeng, Zotye, Universiade are used for module power exchange, and the number of vehicles put in and the actual mileage of operation are slightly superior.

How to compare the above two power exchange technologies?

We believe that it is not objective enough to compare the above two power exchange technologies only from the actual promotion layout level (such as infrastructure investment, power exchange capacity, site requirements and construction speed, etc.). The reason for this is the following：

Equipment level: manual, semi-automatic or full-automatic power exchange mode can also be selected for box-by-box power exchange, and the investment intensity can be selected according to the actual situation, while chassis power exchange can only be fully automatic, so it has higher capital requirements and limited investment flexibility in practical promotion. However, according to the fully automatic standard, the cost difference between RGV and six-axis robot equipment is not big.

Site expansion level: the chassis can be quickly laid out in containers for power exchange, and the landing speed is slightly faster, but some cities are not allowed to work in containers (such as Guangzhou). Therefore, in terms of policy compliance, the requirements for the construction of sub-box power exchange and chassis power exchange are basically the same.

On the aspect of power exchange capacity: in the fully automatic state, the average daily power exchange capacity can reach about 250 times with little difference. However, there is a point of concern in this respect. According to the public data, although there are more charging compartments in the power exchange stations with the same power exchange capacity, the number of vehicles that can be exchanged for electricity is only slightly more or equal to that of the chassis (we think that the future evaluation of power exchange capacity can not only rely on the single angle of power exchange speed, because the power exchange capacity depends on the number of charging compartments in the station energy supply, From this point of view, the general modular sub-box power station has 120 cells at the same level, while the chassis power station has 28 cells. However, one car in the modular sub-box power station consumes 4 cells on average, so the power exchange capacity of 120 cells, that is, 30 cars at a time, is not much different from that of the whole pad chassis power station with 28 cells. Therefore, there is little or no difference between the two modes from the above three aspects, so there is no way to compare them only from these three points.

With the issuance of the document "Implementation Plan for Promoting the Updating and Upgrading of Key Consumer Goods and Smooth Resource Recycling (2019-2020)", on the basis of encouraging the development of power exchange mode, requirements are put forward for battery modularization and step utilization of batteries. Therefore, which mode can be compatible with more types of vehicles, better connect the front and rear ends of battery step utilization and better adapt to the future modular development of automobile manufacturing is the more important focus.

From the perspective of vehicle compatibility, the power exchange mode should not be a limited energy supplement scene in the end, but an open source energy supplement mode, because the most basic and basic construction purpose of the power exchange station is to be used as a public infrastructure to facilitate public travel, otherwise why do you enjoy subsidies? At present, Beiqi, Weilai and other car companies are leading the chassis power exchange, because the batteries of their respective car companies are opposite-sex batteries compared with other OEMs, the power exchange sites or batteries cannot be universal. However, Dongfeng, Universiade, Zotye and other enterprises adopt the idea of modular box-splitting power exchange based on standard box batteries, which makes the power exchange station shared among different car models, and the battery can be shared, which greatly improves the utilization ratio of the site and the battery. Therefore, from this perspective, it is obvious that modular box-splitting power exchange is more suitable for the current concept of "sharing economy" and is also an intensive use of social resources.

From the point of view of power battery recycling, the mainstream design ideas in the industry at present are as follows

Direct view of step utilization of power battery

From the point of view of echelon utilization, we must first reduce the transformation cost in the process of each degradation, otherwise it will be difficult to land. From the top-level design point of view, the standard of battery should be unified first, and then the battery with smaller relative weight and volume (because it can’t be directly used in section B and section C if it still stays in the direction of the overall special-shaped battery of most models at this stage). Only under these two preconditions can the whole life cycle development of battery be maximized, and the average use cost of power battery at the user’s end will be lower.

Therefore, from the perspective of battery recycling, it is obvious that the case-by-case power exchange built by the standard box system is more in line with the policy and national conditions. However, from the perspective of automobile enterprises, the whole chassis-type power exchange has less changes to the chassis of the whole vehicle body, and the technical level is relatively easier to realize; However, the modular box-changing technology requires higher requirements for body chassis modification and design cycle. However, it is very interesting that the number of car companies that accept the standard box-splitting power exchange system is far more than that of the chassis-type power exchange model (the total number of cars that are actually put in the box-splitting power exchange system is also more than that of the chassis-type power exchange system). It can be said that many car manufacturers are doing power exchange, and obviously many car companies do not want to play with tickets at this level, but stand higher and look farther.

07 written at the end

On June 5, 2016, China Tower established an energy company with a capital of 5 billion yuan to take the lead in entering the terminal market of power battery ladder utilization, which made it possible for standard box batteries used by modular box-changing electric vehicles and power-changing technology companies to be used in large-scale terminals (compared with special-shaped batteries). The integrity of power battery ladder utilization has been further improved, while the extension of battery ladder utilization industrial chain has further reduced the average use cost of power batteries, which will indirectly reduce the consumption cost of new energy vehicles. From the perspective of industrial chain, does it mean modularity?

We gave time to this problem, but for enterprises that insisted on changing electricity in the early stage, in June 2019, the wind started.

Cctv newsOn April 19th, "News Network" reported that the agricultural and rural economy made a steady start in the first quarter, the foreign trade made a steady start in the first quarter, and emerging markets remained dynamic … … With the intensive release of positive signals, China’s high-quality economic development has a long way to go.

　　The agriculture and rural economy started steadily in the first quarter.

　　The State Council Press Office held a press conference on April 19th. The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs said that since the beginning of this year, China’s agricultural and rural economy has maintained a good momentum of development.

　　This year, the intended planting area of grain reached more than 1.78 billion mu, an increase over the previous year. Effectively deal with the freezing rain and snow and cold wave weather last winter and this spring, and strengthen technical guidance services. Winter wheat grows better than last year and all the year round, and the foundation for a bumper harvest of grain and oil production in summer is gradually laid down, and spring ploughing production is vigorously and orderly promoted. The supply of "vegetable basket" products is abundant, the production capacity of pigs is adjusted and optimized, the production of meat, eggs and milk is increased in an all-round way, and the supply of vegetables and fruits is stable.

　　Rural industries have a good momentum of development. In the first quarter, the added value of agricultural and sideline food processing industries above designated size increased by 3.3% year-on-year. Rural leisure tourism continues to heat up, and e-commerce of agricultural products grows rapidly. The per capita disposable income of rural residents reached 6,596 yuan, 2.4 percentage points higher than that of urban residents.

　　Rural construction and governance have been solidly promoted. By the end of March, the county-level rural construction project library had accumulated 614,000 projects and implemented project funds of 250.74 billion yuan.

　　Multi-measures to promote sustained recovery of consumption and promote high-level opening up.

　　At the press conference held by the State Council Information Office on April 19th, the relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Commerce said that in the first quarter, foreign trade made a steady start, emerging markets maintained vitality, and developed markets recovered. A survey of key foreign trade enterprises by the Ministry of Commerce shows that enterprises reflecting employment growth accounted for 1-mdash in March; In February, it rose by 1.7 percentage points to 88.8%, and the confidence expectation of enterprises was further enhanced.

　　Foreign investment maintained steady development. In the first quarter, non-financial foreign direct investment was 242.92 billion yuan, up by 12.5%, among which investment in ASEAN and EU grew rapidly, with growth rates of 36.7% and 34.5% respectively.

　　In the next step, the Ministry of Commerce will focus on promoting the continuous expansion of consumption, launch a series of activities around the theme of "Enjoy the benefits of the whole people throughout the year", focus on the cultivation and construction of international consumption center cities and the construction of modern business circulation system, and continue to introduce relevant policies and measures to continuously release consumption potential.

　　Link the world! The cumulative number of overseas buyers attending the Canton Fair has exceeded 120,000.

　　April 19th is the last day of the first phase of the 135th Canton Fair. During the five-day exhibition period, we felt the "attraction" of the Canton Fair, as well as the "centripetal force" of linking the world with new products and technologies.

　　As of April 18, the cumulative number of overseas buyers attending the meeting offline has exceeded 120,000, an increase of 22.7% over the same period of last year. They come from 212 countries and regions around the world. Not only the number of people has increased, but also the sources are all over the world. The top countries include India, the United States, Nigeria, Indonesia and Malaysia.

The quantity of spring ploughing agricultural materials is generally sufficient and the quality is guaranteed.

On April 19, the relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs said that the consumption of spring ploughing fertilizers, pesticides and seeds accounted for about half of the annual consumption. Judging from the current situation, the number of seeds, pesticides and fertilizers ploughed in spring this year is generally sufficient.

At present, the rate of fertilizer in place at the provincial and county levels has reached 95% and 90% respectively. The quality of agricultural materials is guaranteed and the prices are relatively stable. The prices of most varieties have declined, but they are still at a historical high level. Generally speaking, the supply of agricultural materials is timely, which can meet the needs of spring ploughing production.

　　Water supply will be completed in 2026! The progress of this major water conservancy project benefiting 14 million people is updated.

　　On April 19th, the largest single project of the second phase of the project of diverting water from Han to Wei — — The pylon of Weihe River Pipe Bridge is about to be completely capped, laying a foundation for ensuring that the second phase of the project of diverting water from Han to Wei River will be completed in 2026.

　　The project of diverting water from Han River to Wei River connects the two major water systems of Han River and Wei River, which is one of the 172 major water conservancy projects planned by the country in the 13th Five-Year Plan.

　　The second phase water transmission and distribution project of diverting water from Han to Wei is an important part of the project, which consists of Huangchigou water distribution hub, south trunk line project and north trunk line project, with a total length of 190 kilometers. It undertakes the key task of transporting Hanjiang River water to 21 targets in four key cities, including Xi ‘an, Xianyang, Weinan and Yangling, 11 county-level cities, 1 industrial park and 5 new cities in Xixian New Area on both sides of Weihe River, which is very important for bringing into play the overall benefits of the project.

　　After the completion of the second phase of the project, 1.5 billion cubic meters of water can be transferred from the Han River every year, and a "north-south allocation" water channel has been added to the main skeleton center of the national water network, which plays an important role in realizing the spatial balance of water resources allocation in China and ensuring the high-quality development of economy and society.

In addition, the second phase of the project of diverting water from Han to Wei covers more than 14 million people, which ensures the water supply safety in Xi ‘an, Xianyang, Yangling and Weinan in Guanzhong Plain of Shaanxi Province, and will also greatly solve the contradiction of more water resources in the south and less water resources in the north and provide support for high-quality economic and social development.

[US stock index]

On Wednesday, November 13th, US Eastern Time, the three major US stock indexes were mixed, among which the S&P 500 index rose 0.02% to 5985.38 points. The Dow Jones index rose 0.11% to 43,958.19 points; The Nasdaq index fell 0.26% to 19,230.72.

American debt

On November 13th, the benchmark 10-year US bond yield was 4.44%, and the 2-year US bond yield, which is most sensitive to the Fed’s policy interest rate, was 4.27%.

[Hot American stocks]

Among popular US stocks, NVIDIA fell 1.36%, Apple rose 0.40%, Microsoft rose 0.51%, Amazon rose 2.48%, Google C fell 1.54%, Google A fell 1.51%, Meta fell 0.82%, Tesla rose 0.53%, TSMC fell 2.63%, AMD fell 3.02% and Intel rose 3.15.

[global index]

[China index]

On November 12th, overnight Hang Seng Technology Index futures fell by 4.04%, Nasdaq China Jinlong Index fell by 4.45%, and FTSE China A50 Index fell by 1.06%.

[China Stock Exchange]

In terms of popular Chinese stocks, Tencent Holdings (Hong Kong stocks) rose 0.00%, Alibaba rose 0.23%, Pinduoduo fell 0.34%, Netease fell 2.79%, Ctrip fell 3.03%, Baidu fell 0.40%, LI fell 1.15%, Xpeng Motors fell 2.16% and Weilai rose 0.87%.

[foreign exchange commodities]

[Global News]

The probability that the Fed will cut interest rates by 25 basis points in December rises to 82.5%.

According to CME’s "Fed Watch", the probability that the Fed will keep the current interest rate unchanged by December is 17.5%, and the cumulative probability of cutting interest rates by 25 basis points is 82.5%. The probability of keeping the current interest rate unchanged by January next year is 11.9%, the probability of cutting interest rates by 25 basis points is 61.7%, and the probability of cutting interest rates by 50 basis points is 26.5%.

OpenAI shares AI data center construction plan with US government, calling for expanding energy capacity.

OpenAI has shared information with US government officials about how to build an artificial intelligence (AI) data center, which is expected to consume 5 GW of electricity (which will be five times larger than the data center that the company is currently developing). This idea seems to be similar to Stargate, which is the code name of a $100 billion supercomputing data center that OpenAI discussed with its main supporter Microsoft. (Cailian)

Federal Reserve Moussalem: The market currently believes that the Fed may not cut interest rates significantly.

Federal Reserve Moussalem said that it is still too hasty to include Trump’s ruling prospect in December. As bond yields rise, the market also feels higher inflation risks, and there are signs that the market currently believes that the Fed may not cut interest rates significantly.

Federal Reserve Moussalem: There may be room for the policy to gradually relax to neutral interest rates.

Federal Reserve Moussalem said that there may be room for the policy to gradually relax to neutral interest rates, and there may be stronger data (at work) behind the rise in the term premium of national debt. Data since the last policy meeting show that the economy may be much stronger than expected. The inflation data is also strong, but it has not changed the view that the policy is developing in a neutral direction. The latest consumer price index data is "in line with expectations", but I hope to see the data continue to decline on a three-month basis. It is too hasty to include the prospect of Trump’s administration in December. Economic activity and data have become stronger, bringing the risk of inflation rebound.

Federal Reserve Moussalem: It is estimated that the inflation rate will approach 2% in 12-24 months.

Federal Reserve Moussalem said that the inflation rate is expected to approach 2% in 12-24 months; Monetary policy is in a tight state, but the overall financial environment is supportive of economic activities.

NVIDIA plans to cooperate with leading Japanese cloud computing companies such as GMO Internet Group and SAKURA Internet.

NVIDIA plans to develop a national AI infrastructure network by cooperating with leading Japanese cloud computing enterprises such as GMO Internet Group and SAKURA Internet. (Cailian)

Federal Reserve Musalem: In the case of inflation rate higher than 2%, monetary policy will remain "moderately tight"

Federal Reserve Musalem said that monetary policy will remain "moderately tight" when the inflation rate is higher than 2%. If inflation continues to fall, it is appropriate to cut interest rates further. The labor market is still in the range of full employment, and the strong economy is expected to achieve a "steady" performance in the fourth quarter. The economic growth in the United States is extensive, mainly driven by consumption, income growth, productivity, supportive financial conditions and wealth effects.

After the latest US CPI data is released, Citigroup still expects the Federal Reserve to cut interest rates by 50 basis points in December.

After the US CPI report in October met expectations and inflationary pressure generally eased, Citigroup economists still believe that the Fed will cut interest rates by 50 basis points in December. "Although the details are still unstable and not so’ normal’, the easing of salary pressure, the decline of short-term inflation expectations, and the continued pressure of high interest rates on housing demand and prices should reassure Fed officials about the slowdown in inflation," Veronica Clark and Andrew Hollenhorst wrote in a report on Wednesday. Citigroup’s basic forecast is still to cut interest rates by 50 basis points in December.

Meta Platforms will launch advertisements on short video platform Threads in early 2025.

Meta Platforms will launch advertisements on short video platform Threads in early 2025.

Google CEO: The first intercontinental submarine cable connecting the Asia-Pacific region with South America and Australia with Africa is under construction.

Google CEO said that the first intercontinental submarine cable connecting the Asia-Pacific region with South America and Australia with Africa is being built.

China Quality News Network According to the website of Fangshan District People’s Government on May 6, 2022,Recently, Fangshan District Market Supervision Administration continued to carry out food safety inspection in catering industry, and investigated and dealt with 54 catering stores in Fangshan District according to law. The investigation situation is as follows:

1. Beijing Longjingxuan Catering Co., Ltd. (authentic Lanzhou Lamian Noodles)

The party concerned is suspected of engaging in food business beyond the permitted scope of business projects, which violates the provisions of the first paragraph of Article 16 of the Measures for the Investigation and Punishment of Internet Food Safety Violations. According to Article 38 of the Measures for the Investigation and Punishment of Internet Food Safety Violations and the Food Safety Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) (2015 edition) Article 122, paragraph 1, proposes to impose an administrative penalty of fine and stop online business activities.

2. Beijing Xiaocheng Fisherman Catering Management Co., Ltd. Yu Dajie Branch (Yipin Braised Pot)

The act of changing the layout process without permission violated the provisions of Article 47 of the Food Safety Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC), and according to the provisions of Item 11, Paragraph 1, Article 126 of the Food Safety Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC), the party was given an administrative punishment of warning and stopped online business.

3. Beijing Xinhong Zhuangyuan Catering Management Co., Ltd. Yu Dajie Store (Hongzhuangyuan)

The party concerned’s behavior without reasonable technological process violated the provisions of Item 4, Paragraph 1, Article 33 of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Food Safety Law, and was given administrative punishment of warning and stopped online business according to Item 13, Paragraph 1, Article 126 of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Food Safety Law.

4. Beijing New Century Youth Catering Management Co., Ltd. No.10 Company (Youth Restaurant)

The act of arranging people who have not obtained health certificates to engage in the work of directly imported food violates the provisions of the second paragraph of Article 45 of the Food Safety Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC), and according to the provisions of Item (6) of the first paragraph of Article 126 of the Food Safety Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC), the parties are given administrative punishment of warning and stop online business.

5. Beijing Hannashan Jin Xin Catering Management Co., Ltd. Yu Dajie Branch (Hannashan)

The failure of the party concerned to establish and abide by the incoming inspection record system violates the provisions of Paragraph 2 of Article 53 of the Food Safety Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC), and according to the provisions of Item 3 of Paragraph 1 of Article 126 of the Food Safety Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC), the party concerned is given an administrative punishment of warning and stops online business.

6. Ikeda Zhuoyue (Beijing) Catering Management Co., Ltd. Fangshan No.1 Branch (Ikeda Sushi)

The behavior of the parties involved in processing food sushi directly imported in the rough processing area violated the Food Safety Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC).sequenceArticle 33, paragraph 1 (4), according to the provisions of Article 126, paragraph 1 (13) of the Food Safety Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC), give administrative punishment of warning and stop online business activities.

7. Beijing Liping Ju Trading Co., Ltd.

The behavior of the parties engaging in food business activities beyond the business scope specified in the food business license violates the provisions of Article 27, paragraph 1, of the Measures for the Administration of Food Business License (2015 edition), and according to the provisions of Article 49, paragraph 1, of the Measures for the Administration of Food Business License (2015 edition), they are given administrative punishment of warning and stop online business activities.

8. Beijing Hongdexuan Catering Management Co., Ltd. (Baishunzhai)

The failure of the parties to perform the incoming inspection record system violates the Food Safety Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC).sequenceParagraph 2 of Article 53, according to Item 3 of Paragraph 1 of Article 126 of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Food Safety Law, shall be given administrative punishment of warning and stop online business activities.

9. Beijing Doudian Yaxin Snack Bar (Yaxin Breakfast)

The act of engaging in food production and marketing activities without permission violates the provisions of the first paragraph of Article 8 of the Regulations on the Administration of Small-scale Food Production and Marketing in Beijing, and according to the provisions of the first paragraph of Article 22 of the Regulations on the Administration of Small-scale Food Production and Marketing in Beijing, an administrative penalty of 5,000 yuan is imposed.

10. Beijing Wayaotou Chaoyang Restaurant (Chaoyang Restaurant)

The failure of the parties to perform the incoming inspection record system violates the Food Safety Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC).sequenceParagraph 2 of Article 53, according to Item 3 of Paragraph 1 of Article 126 of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Food Safety Law, shall be given administrative punishment of warning and stop online business activities.

11. Beijing Doudian Duofuju Restaurant (Duofuju)

The failure of the parties to perform the incoming inspection record system violates the Food Safety Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC).sequenceParagraph 2 of Article 53, according to Item 3 of Paragraph 1 of Article 126 of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Food Safety Law, shall be given administrative punishment of warning and stop online business activities.

12. Beijing Hongshun Liyuan Catering Co., Ltd. (Puzi Barbecue)

The failure of the parties to deal with the changes in production and operation conditions in accordance with the regulations violates the provisions of Article 47 of the Food Safety Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) (2015 Edition), and according to the Food Safety Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) (2015 edition) Article 126, paragraph 1 (11), gives administrative punishment of warning and stops online business activities.

13. Beijing Dehuijia Trading Co., Ltd. Branch (Luke Coffee)

The act of engaging in food production and marketing activities without permission violates the provisions of the first paragraph of Article 8 of the Regulations on the Administration of Small-scale Food Production and Marketing in Beijing, and according to the provisions of the first paragraph of Article 22 of the Regulations on the Administration of Small-scale Food Production and Marketing in Beijing, an administrative penalty of 5,000 yuan is imposed.

14. Beijing Xunjie Lida Computer Technology Training Center (Yipin Fresh Meat)

If the production and operation conditions of the parties have changed and they fail to deal with it according to the regulations, it violates the provisions of Article 47 of the Food Safety Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC). According to the provisions of Item (11) of Paragraph 1 of Article 126 of the Food Safety Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) (2018 edition), they will be given an administrative punishment of warning and stop online business activities.

15. Beijing Wuzhou Yunjin Catering Co., Ltd. (Wuzhou Yunjin Food City)

The party’s behavior of incomplete purchase acceptance system violates the Food Safety Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC).sequenceIn the first and second paragraphs of Article 53, according to the provisions of Item (3) of Paragraph 1 of Article 126 of the Food Safety Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC), the administrative punishment of warning shall be given and the online business behavior shall be stopped.

16. Repair Department of Lihe Farm Tools in Doudian Town, Fangshan District, Beijing (Crossing the Bridge Rice Noodles)

The behavior of the parties who change the layout without authorization, change the production and operation conditions, and fail to deal with it according to the regulations violates the provisions of Article 47 of the Food Safety Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC). According to the provisions of Item (11) of Paragraph 1 of Article 126 of the Food Safety Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) (2018 edition), they are given an administrative punishment of warning and stop online operation.

17. Beijing Xinlemeikou Xiangxiang Catering Co., Ltd.

The failure of the parties to establish and abide by the food incoming inspection record system violates the Food Safety Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC).sequenceParagraph 2 of Article 53, according to Item 3 of Paragraph 1 of Article 126 of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Food Safety Law, shall be given administrative punishment of warning and stop online business activities.

18. Beijing Doudian Ruziniu Trading Co., Ltd.

The failure of the parties to perform the incoming inspection record system violates the Food Safety Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC).sequenceParagraph 2 of Article 53, according to Item 3 of Paragraph 1 of Article 126 of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Food Safety Law, shall be given administrative punishment of warning and stop online business activities.

19. Beijing Fulai Yonghui Restaurant (Shanxi Noodle Restaurant)

The failure of the parties to perform the incoming inspection record system violates the Food Safety Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC).sequenceParagraph 2 of Article 53, according to Item 3 of Paragraph 1 of Article 126 of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Food Safety Law, shall be given administrative punishment of warning and stop online business activities.

20. Beijing Xiangli Laoyuanzi Catering Co., Ltd. (Jinxiangyuan)

The fact that the employee is still employed without pre-job health examination and the employee’s hand is scratched violates the provisions of Article 47 of the Food Safety Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) (2015 edition), and according to the provisions of Article 70 of the Regulations for the Implementation of the Food Safety Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC), he is given an administrative punishment of warning and stops online business activities.

21. The second branch of Beijing Youziwei Catering Co., Ltd. (micro seafood)

The failure of the parties to perform the incoming inspection record system violates the Food Safety Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC).sequenceParagraph 2 of Article 53, according to Item 3 of Paragraph 1 of Article 126 of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Food Safety Law, shall be given administrative punishment of warning and stop online business activities.

22. Liangxiang Store of Beijing Pifu Hot Pot Catering Co., Ltd. (Pifu Hot Pot)

The disinfection cabinet was not connected to the power supply, and personal items were stored in the cleaning cabinet, which violated the provisions of Item (5) of Article 33 of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Food Safety Law (2018 edition). According to the provisions of Item (5) of Paragraph 1 of Article 126 of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Food Safety Law (2018 edition), the party was given an administrative punishment of warning and stopped online business.

23. Beijing Diandachi Tianjie Catering Co., Ltd. (Diandachi)

The act of arranging people who have not obtained health certificates to engage in the work of directly imported food violates the provisions of Paragraph 2 of Article 45 of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Food Safety Law and Item (6) of Paragraph 1 of Article 126 of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Food Safety Law, giving administrative punishment of warning and stopping online business.

24. Beijing Zhenqiangshun Construction Equipment Rental Station (Tintin Bistro)

The party concerned fails to regularly maintain and inspect the catering service facilities, which violates the provisions of the first paragraph of Article 56 of the Food Safety Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) (2021 edition). According to the provisions of the first paragraph (5) of Article 126 of the Food Safety Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) (2021 edition), the party concerned is given an administrative punishment of warning and stops online business.

25. Beijing Yimeng Yongli Trading Co., Ltd. (Sanmao Sauced Meat Restaurant)

If the production and operation conditions of the parties have changed and they fail to deal with it according to the regulations, it violates the provisions of Article 47 of the Food Safety Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC). According to the provisions of Item (11) of Paragraph 1 of Article 126 of the Food Safety Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) (2018 edition), they will be given an administrative punishment of warning and stop online business activities.

26. Boyi Kindergarten in Fangshan District, Beijing

The failure of the party concerned to establish and abide by the incoming inspection record system violates the provisions of paragraph 2 of Article 53 of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Food Safety Law (2021 edition), and he is given an administrative penalty of warning according to the provisions of paragraph 1 (3) of Article 126 of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Food Safety Law (2021 edition).

27. Beijing Xinjiayao Catering Co., Ltd. (Fish Are Together)

The behavior of the parties with incomplete purchase acceptance records violated the provisions of paragraph 2 of Article 53 of the Food Safety Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) (2021 edition), and according to the provisions of paragraph 1 (3) of Article 126 of the Food Safety Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) (2021 edition), they were given administrative punishment of warning and stopped online business.

28. Beijing Meibaizi Restaurant (tian teacher Braised Pork)

The behavior of the parties with incomplete purchase acceptance records violated the provisions of paragraph 2 of Article 53 of the Food Safety Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) (2021 edition), and according to the provisions of paragraph 1 (3) of Article 126 of the Food Safety Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) (2021 edition), they were given administrative punishment of warning and stopped online business.

29. Beijing Childhood Catering Co., Ltd. (old Beijing with elbow)

If the production and operation conditions of the parties have changed and they fail to deal with it according to the regulations, it violates the provisions of Article 47 of the Food Safety Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC). According to the provisions of Item (11) of Paragraph 1 of Article 126 of the Food Safety Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) (2018 edition), they will be given an administrative punishment of warning and stop online business activities.

30. Beijing Brothers Zhuangjiayuan Catering Co., Ltd. (Oriental Restaurant)

The failure of the parties to publicize and update the information of the third-party platform providers of online catering services and catering service providers online as required violates the provisions of Article 11 of the Measures for the Supervision and Administration of Food Safety of Online Catering Services, and gives administrative punishment of warning and stops online business operations according to the provisions of Article 32 of the Measures for the Supervision and Administration of Food Safety of Online Catering Services.

31. Beijing Yuren Wharf Catering Co., Ltd. (Yuren Wharf (Zicaowu Store))

The behavior of the parties selling pickled cabbage Longli fish and blood-flourishing Longli fish in the US Mission is false, which violates the provisions of Article 11 of the Measures for the Supervision and Administration of Food Safety in Online Catering Services and Article 32 of the Measures for the Supervision and Administration of Food Safety in Online Catering Services, and gives administrative punishment of warning and stops online business activities.

32. Beijing Haoyun Linglong Snack Bar (Linglong Snack Bar)

The use of unwashed, disinfected or unqualified tableware, drinking utensils and containers for directly-eaten food violates the provisions of Item (5) of Article 33 of the Food Safety Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) (2018 edition) and Item (5) of Paragraph 1 of Article 126 of the Food Safety Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) (2018 edition), giving administrative punishment of warning and stopping online business.

33. Zhang Fang Jipinxuan Farm Restaurant (Jipinxuan Restaurant)

The party concerned fails to establish a food safety management system as required, or fails to equip, train and assess food safety management personnel as required, which violates the provisions of Paragraph 1 of Article 44 of the Food Safety Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) (2018 edition), and according to the provisions of Paragraph 1 (2) of Article 126 of the Food Safety Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) (2018 edition), he is given an administrative penalty of warning and stops online business operations.

34. Yan Dou Haili Shuan Rou Ju (Yan Dou Haili Shuan Rou Ju)

The act of arranging people who have not obtained health certificates to engage in the work of directly imported food violates the provisions of Paragraph 2 of Article 45 of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Food Safety Law and Item (6) of Paragraph 1 of Article 126 of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Food Safety Law, giving administrative punishment of warning and stopping online business.

35. Beijing Cuixiangju Catering Co., Ltd. (Yunnan Snacks)

The act of arranging people who have not obtained health certificates to engage in the work of directly imported food violates the provisions of Paragraph 2 of Article 45 of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Food Safety Law and Item (6) of Paragraph 1 of Article 126 of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Food Safety Law, giving administrative punishment of warning and stopping online business.

36. Beijing Ruipusen Health Technology Co., Ltd. (Chuanxiang Home Cooking)

If a party fails to store, sell or clean up the food in stock as required, he shall be given an administrative punishment of warning and stop online business according to the provisions of Paragraph 1 of Article 54 of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Food Safety Law (2018 edition) and Article 132 of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Food Safety Law (2018 edition).

37. Beijing Sihai Lutong Catering Co., Ltd. (Chengdu Cuisine)

The party concerned failed to implement the control requirements of the production and operation process according to the regulations, did not have a reasonable technological process, and failed to prevent the food to be processed from cross-contamination with directly imported food, raw materials and finished products, which violated the provisions of Item (4) of Article 33 of the Food Safety Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC). According to the provisions of Item (13) of Paragraph 1 of Article 126 of the Food Safety Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC), he was given an administrative punishment of warning and stopped online operation.

38. Beijing Zhishiheng Catering Co., Ltd.

The failure of the parties to implement the incoming inspection record system violated the provisions of paragraph 2 of Article 53 of the Food Safety Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC), and was given an administrative penalty of warning according to the provisions of item 3 of paragraph 1 of Article 126 of the Food Safety Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC).

39. Beijing Shuotong Xianglong Restaurant (Shanxi Noodle)

The act of changing the business conditions without authorization violates the provisions of Article 47 of the Food Safety Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC), and according to the provisions of Item (11) of the first paragraph of Article 126 of the Food Safety Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC), the party concerned is given an administrative punishment of warning and stops online business activities.

40. Beijing Xiangxiang Catering Co., Ltd.

The parties’ failure to implement the control requirements of production and operation process in accordance with the regulations violates the provisions of Item (1) of Paragraph 1 of Article 33 of the Food Safety Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC), and according to the provisions of Item (13) of Paragraph 1 of Article 126 of the Food Safety Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC), they are given administrative punishment of warning and stop online operation.

41. Beijing Fanghua Iron Porcelain Catering Co., Ltd. (iron porcelain hotpot)

The party concerned arranged to engage in the work of contacting directly imported food without obtaining a health certificate, which violated the provisions of the second paragraph of Article 45 of the Food Safety Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC). According to the provisions of Item (6) of the first paragraph of Article 126 of the Food Safety Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC), he was given an administrative punishment of warning and stopped online business.

42. Beijing Tianyu Villa Tourism Development Co., Ltd. (Tianyu Villa)

The party concerned did not have a place for food raw material processing and food processing and storage suitable for the variety and quantity of food produced and operated, and did not keep the environment of the place clean and tidy, which violated the provisions of Item (1) of Paragraph 1 of Article 33 of the Food Safety Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) (2021 edition), and was given an administrative penalty of warning according to the provisions of Item (13) of Paragraph 1 of Article 126 of the Food Safety Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) (2021 edition).

43. Beijing Anxin Jiawei Catering Management Co., Ltd. (Anxin Jiawei)

The act of arranging people who have not obtained health certificates to engage in food work for direct import violates the provisions of the second paragraph of Article 45 of the Food Safety Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC). According to the provisions of Item (6) of the first paragraph of Article 126 of the Food Safety Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC), the party concerned shall be given an administrative punishment of warning and stop online business.

44. Beijing Zhihe Home Catering Co., Ltd. (Huisen Restaurant)

The party concerned fails to check the license and relevant supporting documents at the time of purchase, or fails to establish and abide by the system of incoming inspection records, ex-factory inspection records and sales records as required, which violates the provisions of paragraph 2 of Article 53 of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Food Safety Law, and gives administrative punishment of warning and stops online business according to the provisions of paragraph 1 (3) of Article 126 of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Food Safety Law.

45. Beijing Yushuixiang Farmhouse Restaurant (Yushuixiang Farmhouse)

The party concerned fails to check the license and relevant supporting documents at the time of purchase, or fails to establish and abide by the system of incoming inspection records, ex-factory inspection records and sales records as required, which violates the provisions of paragraph 2 of Article 53 of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Food Safety Law, and gives administrative punishment of warning and stops online business according to the provisions of paragraph 1 (3) of Article 126 of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Food Safety Law.

46. Beijing Chaozhuo Catering Service Co., Ltd. (Super Spicy)

The change of the items specified in the food business license of the party concerned violates the provisions of the first paragraph of Article 27 of the Measures for the Administration of Food Business License, and according to the provisions of the first paragraph of Article 49 of the Measures for the Administration of Food Business License, the administrative punishment of warning is given and the online business behavior is stopped.

47. The 13th Branch of Beijing Liangxiang Jintong Trading Co., Ltd. (Yang San Ge)

The behavior of poor environmental sanitation in the operation room violated the provisions of Article 47 of the Food Safety Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC), and according to the provisions of Item (11) of the first paragraph of Article 126 of the Food Safety Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC), the party concerned was given an administrative punishment of warning and stopped online business activities.

48. Beijing Xujie Catering Co., Ltd. (Shanxi Noodles King)

The party concerned arranged to engage in the work of contacting directly imported food without obtaining a health certificate, which violated the provisions of the second paragraph of Article 45 of the Food Safety Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC). According to the provisions of Item (6) of the first paragraph of Article 126 of the Food Safety Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC), he was given an administrative punishment of warning and stopped online business.

49. Beijing Yusheng Julai Auto Parts Sales Center (Huimian Noodles, Henan)

If the production and operation conditions of the parties have changed and they fail to deal with it according to the regulations, it violates the provisions of Article 47 of the Food Safety Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC). According to the provisions of Item (11) of Paragraph 1 of Article 126 of the Food Safety Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) (2018 edition), they will be given an administrative punishment of warning and stop online business activities.

50. Beijing Juweiyuan Catering Management Co., Ltd. (Juweiyuan)

If the production and operation conditions of the parties have changed and they fail to deal with it according to the regulations, it violates the provisions of Article 47 of the Food Safety Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC). According to the provisions of Item (11) of Paragraph 1 of Article 126 of the Food Safety Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) (2018 edition), they will be given an administrative punishment of warning and stop online business activities.

51. Beijing Zhuangtou Fengxian Department Store (Breakfast)

If the production and operation conditions of the parties have changed and they fail to deal with it according to the regulations, it violates the provisions of Article 47 of the Food Safety Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC). According to the provisions of Item (11) of Paragraph 1 of Article 126 of the Food Safety Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) (2018 edition), they will be given an administrative punishment of warning and stop online business activities.

52. Beijing Yujia Renhe Catering Management Co., Ltd. (Your heartbeat)

The failure of the parties to establish the incoming inspection system violates the provisions of paragraph 2 of Article 53 of the Food Safety Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC), and according to the provisions of paragraph 1 (3) of Article 126 of the Food Safety Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC), they are given administrative punishment of warning and stop online business.

53. Beijing Zilu Food Co., Ltd.

The party concerned’s failure to store and sell food or clean up the food in stock violated the first paragraph of Article 54 of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Food Safety Law, and was given an administrative penalty of warning according to the provisions of Article 132 of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Food Safety Law (2018 edition).

54. Beijing Old Town Feast Catering Co., Ltd.

The parties involved in the production of food and food additives failed to establish and abide by the system of incoming inspection records, ex-factory inspection records and sales records, which violated the provisions of the second paragraph of Article 53 of the Food Safety Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC), and was given an administrative penalty of warning according to the provisions of Item (3) of the first paragraph of Article 126 of the Food Safety Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) (2018 edition).

Order of Beijing Municipal People’s Government

No.307

　　The Measures for the Administration of Earthquake Early Warning in Beijing have been adopted at the 185th executive meeting of the Municipal People’s Government on December 6, 2022, and are hereby promulgated and shall come into force as of March 1, 2023.

Acting Mayor Yin Yong　　　　

December 19, 2022　　

Administrative Measures of Beijing Municipality on Earthquake Early Warning

catalogue

　　Chapter I General Provisions

　　Chapter II Planning and Construction of Earthquake Early Warning System

　　Chapter III Release of Earthquake Early Warning Information and Emergency Disposal

　　Chapter IV Regional Cooperation

　　Chapter V Legal Liability

　　Chapter VI Supplementary Provisions

Chapter I General Provisions

　　the first In order to standardize earthquake early warning activities, effectively play the role of earthquake early warning, defend and mitigate earthquake disasters, serve to safeguard the functions of the capital, and protect the safety of people’s lives and property, these measures are formulated in accordance with the People’s Republic of China (PRC) Earthquake Prevention and Disaster Mitigation Law, the People’s Republic of China (PRC) Emergency Response Law, the Regulations on Earthquake Monitoring and Management, and the Provisions on the Implementation of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) Earthquake Prevention and Disaster Mitigation Law in Beijing, combined with the actual situation of this Municipality.

　　the second These Measures shall apply to the planning and construction of earthquake early warning system, the release of earthquake early warning information, emergency response and other activities within the administrative area of this Municipality and their supervision and management.

　　The term "earthquake early warning" as mentioned in these Measures refers to the act of automatically and quickly generating early warning information through the earthquake early warning system after the earthquake, and using the characteristics that the propagation speed of electromagnetic waves is greater than that of seismic waves to give an early warning to areas that may be damaged and affected by the earthquake.

　　Article The earthquake early warning work follows the principles of government leading, regional cooperation, departmental linkage and social participation, and implements the working mechanism of unified planning, unified management and unified release under the guidance of the competent department of earthquake work of the people’s government at the next higher level.

　　Article 4 The municipal and district people’s governments strengthen the management and guarantee of earthquake early warning, coordinate and solve major problems of earthquake early warning, and incorporate the funds needed for earthquake early warning into the fiscal budget at the corresponding level.

　　The municipal earthquake department shall co-ordinate the city’s earthquake early warning work, and be responsible for the planning, construction, supervision and management of earthquake early warning system.

　　The competent department of earthquake work in the district is responsible for the supervision and management of earthquake early warning within its administrative area, and assists the municipal earthquake department in promoting the construction of earthquake early warning system.

　　Development and reform, education, science and technology, public security, planning of natural resources, urban and rural housing construction, urban management, transportation, water, culture and tourism, health, emergency management, radio and television, communication management and other relevant departments shall, according to their respective responsibilities, do a good job in earthquake early warning.

　　Article 5 This Municipality encourages and supports social forces to participate in the construction and use of earthquake early warning system according to law, as well as scientific and technological innovation, product development and application of achievements related to earthquake early warning.

Chapter II Planning and Construction of Earthquake Early Warning System

　　Article 6 The municipal earthquake department shall, according to the national earthquake early warning system construction plan, organize the preparation of the city’s earthquake early warning system construction plan, and incorporate it into the city’s earthquake prevention and disaster reduction plan.

　　The planning for the construction of this Municipality’s earthquake early warning system should be combined with the characteristics of this Municipality’s earthquake risk and the demand for earthquake risk prevention, so as to improve the earthquake disaster prevention capability of key earthquake risk areas, important security areas, key protected buildings, earthquake risk-prone places and projects that may cause serious secondary disasters.

　　Article 7 The municipal earthquake department is responsible for organizing the construction of a unified earthquake early warning system in the city according to the plan, including monitoring system, data transmission system, data processing system and information release system. The competent department of seismic work in the district shall assist in relevant work.

　　The design, construction and instrument access of earthquake early warning system shall conform to relevant standards and technical requirements.

　　To build an earthquake early warning system, existing resources should be fully utilized and integrated to avoid repeated construction.

　　Article 8 Major construction projects such as high-speed railways, urban rail transit, electric power control centers, oil and gas pipelines (stations), petrochemicals, communications, coal mines, large reservoirs, and other projects that may cause serious secondary disasters can build special earthquake early warning and monitoring systems according to needs and report them to the municipal earthquake department for the record. Those that meet the relevant technical requirements can be incorporated into the unified earthquake early warning system of the whole city to realize information sharing.

　　Article 9 Schools, hospitals, railway stations, airports, stadiums and other public places, public transport and other crowded places, as well as high-speed railways, urban rail transit, nuclear facilities projects, large reservoirs, large and medium-sized dangerous goods production and storage facilities and other projects that may cause serious secondary disasters, their business units or management units shall install special earthquake early warning information receiving and broadcasting devices, and formulate emergency response plans for earthquake early warning. The municipal earthquake department and the competent department of seismic work in the district shall give guidance, strengthen supervision and inspection, and promptly correct the problems found.

　　Encourage other units and places to install special earthquake warning information receiving and broadcasting devices.

　　Article 10 The operation and maintenance of the earthquake early warning system in this Municipality shall follow the principle of who builds and who is responsible.

　　The municipal earthquake department and the competent department of earthquake work in the district shall strengthen the protection of the facilities of earthquake early warning system and the environment for earthquake observation. If any damage or damage is found, it shall promptly organize the repair.

　　Units that build special earthquake early warning and monitoring systems and install special information receiving and broadcasting devices shall strengthen daily maintenance and management to ensure normal use.

　　No unit or individual may occupy, damage or dismantle or move the facilities of earthquake early warning system without authorization.

Chapter III Release of Earthquake Early Warning Information and Emergency Disposal

　　Article 11 The municipal earthquake department automatically and uniformly issues earthquake early warning information to all kinds of receiving devices in the area where the estimated earthquake intensity reaches the release conditions through the earthquake early warning information release system.

　　Any other unit or individual shall not release earthquake warning information without authorization, and shall not fabricate and disseminate false earthquake warning information.

　　Article 12 Earthquake early warning information should include earthquake occurrence time, earthquake epicenter, magnitude, arrival time of seismic waves, estimated earthquake intensity and so on.

　　Article 13 Radio, television, Internet and other media and communication operators shall establish an automatic broadcasting mechanism to automatically broadcast earthquake warning information to the public free of charge after receiving the warning information. Municipal earthquake and other relevant departments shall guide them to establish and improve the automatic broadcasting mechanism of earthquake early warning information.

　　Article 14 After receiving the earthquake early warning information, the municipal and district people’s governments and their relevant departments shall, in accordance with the earthquake emergency plan, do a good job in earthquake emergency response in time according to law.

　　In crowded places and projects that may cause serious secondary disasters, after receiving the earthquake early warning information, the business unit or management unit shall immediately take corresponding risk-avoidance measures in accordance with the formulated earthquake early warning emergency response plan.

　　Article 15 Organs, organizations, enterprises, institutions and other units should carry out publicity and education on earthquake early warning knowledge and necessary emergency drills in light of their respective realities.

　　Radio, television, newspapers, the Internet and other media should carry out public welfare publicity activities on earthquake early warning knowledge.

　　The municipal earthquake department and the competent department of district earthquake work shall publicize and popularize the knowledge of earthquake early warning to the public, and guide, assist and urge the relevant units to do a good job in the publicity and education of earthquake early warning knowledge and earthquake emergency drills.

Chapter IV Regional Cooperation

　　Article 16 Under the national earthquake early warning mechanism, this Municipality has established a cooperative earthquake early warning mechanism with Tianjin and Hebei Province, and strengthened exchanges and cooperation in earthquake early warning.

　　Article 17 The city and Tianjin, Hebei Province unified earthquake early warning information sources and earthquake early warning information release threshold, release content.

　　Article 18 The municipal seismological department and the competent departments of earthquake work in Tianjin and Hebei jointly promote the construction of a regional earthquake monitoring and early warning platform, establish an earthquake early warning data and information sharing mechanism, realize mutual backup and mutual service of earthquake early warning information, and enhance the regional earthquake early warning capability.

　　Article 19 The municipal seismological department and the competent departments of earthquake work in Tianjin and Hebei jointly promote the popularization and application of new earthquake early warning technologies in the region, and promote the construction of a regional earthquake early warning scientific and technological innovation platform integrating scientific research experiments, achievements transformation, scientific and technological exchanges and integrated demonstrations.

Chapter V Legal Liability

　　Article 20 In violation of the provisions of the fourth paragraph of Article 10 of these measures, units or individuals that occupy, damage or dismantle or move the facilities of earthquake early warning system without authorization shall be dealt with in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on Earthquake Prevention and Disaster Mitigation.

　　Article 21 In violation of the provisions of the second paragraph of article eleventh of these measures, fabricating and disseminating false earthquake warning information or releasing earthquake warning information to the society without authorization, the municipal earthquake department shall order it to make corrections; If it constitutes a violation of public security administration, it shall be dealt with by the public security organ according to law; If a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law.

Chapter VI Supplementary Provisions

　　Article 22 These Measures shall come into force as of March 1, 2023.

　　With the coming of summer, drinks to cool down and relieve summer heat have once again become people’s first choice. Natural coconut water is the "flow code" in the beverage industry in recent years. Not only do it often sell out of stock, but coffee, milk tea and other drinks made with coconut water often occupy the list of young people’s must-order. However, recently, some netizens discussed it hotly, because they bought coconuts that were opened in advance and drank coconut water inside, which caused discomfort. As a result, topics such as "Can you drink coconut water" and "Who is not suitable for drinking coconut water" have boarded the hot search.

　　Today, let’s take a look at the safety of coconut water, how to drink it is the healthiest, and who is the most suitable?

　　Drinking coconut water leads to vomiting, diarrhea and high fever?

　　The so-called coconut water is the clear liquid poured out from the coconut after it is cut open, which has a very light sweet taste and a unique natural flavor. Coconut water contains no fat, and the fat is all in the white coconut meat.

　　The reason why coconut water was on the hot search this time was because it brought some trouble. Netizens said that they bought a coconut with a pre-opened mouth and drank a few mouthfuls of coconut water, only to find that the coconut water was a little turbid. Then he felt dizzy and dizzy, and then he felt sick and vomited. After getting better, I didn’t go to the hospital for treatment, but I had a high fever the next day.

　　In fact, this high probability is caused by pathogenic bacteria or bacterial toxins in coconut water.

　　Originally, the coconut shell was tightly sealed to protect the coconut meat and coconut water inside and avoid the entry of external microorganisms. However, after opening, the coconut loses its sealability and will come into contact with the bacteria in the air and the bacteria on the opening tool.

　　Why is coconut after opening suitable for rapid propagation of microorganisms and bacteria?

　　Coconut water contains sugar, vitamins and minerals, which is suitable for rapid propagation of microorganisms. At the same time, coconut water, a "small fresh" fruit juice, has low acidity, and sugar and nutrients are directly dissolved in water instead of hidden in fruit cells, so its resistance to bacterial proliferation is too weak. It is weaker than orange juice, apple juice, tomato juice and other juices with certain acidity and polyphenols, so it is especially necessary to be careful.

　　If coconuts are stored at room temperature for a long time after opening, bacteria will multiply in large numbers, which may lead to bacterial food poisoning. Netizens found that the coconut water, which should have been clear, was a little turbid, which was the visual result caused by bacterial reproduction. This is exactly the same reason that egg soup, rice soup and noodle soup will go bad at room temperature.

　　Bacterial food poisoning may cause nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea, physical weakness, dizziness and headache, and even chills and fever.

　　Because the body is weak after food poisoning, other harmful microorganisms may take advantage of it, and there may be inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract and gums, or, as netizens have said, tonsils are in trouble again.

　　Deteriorated coconut water will produce mycotoxins?

　　Some people on the Internet say that the spoiled coconut water may produce Pseudomonas cocoanum, which will produce highly toxic mycotoxins. Because this case did not do microbial culture of coconut water samples, it is impossible to judge what kind of pathogenic bacteria or bacterial toxins caused the poisoning only by the symptoms.

　　It can only be said that coconut water contains carbohydrates. In an unsafe temperature environment, it can breed a variety of pathogenic bacteria and may also produce a variety of toxins, which cannot be prevented.

　　In a word, coconuts opened in advance have food safety risks. Consumers had better buy the whole coconut directly, and it is safer to ask the clerk or stall owner to open it at that time after buying it. It should be refrigerated immediately after opening, even if it is refrigerated, it is best to eat it on the same day. Eating coconut meat is the same.

　　Why can packaged coconut water be stored at room temperature?

　　100% coconut aquatic products on the market are sterilized and packaged. The bacteria inside have been killed, and the packaging outside is sealed, so microorganisms can’t get in, so it can be safely stored at room temperature for a long time before it is opened.

　　However, once opened, bacteria can enter, which is no longer safe and must be drunk as soon as possible.

　　What should I do if I don’t finish the coconut water in a big package at one time?

　　What if the package of coconut water is too big to drink at one time? Then pour out a part of it and drink it first. The rest of the box should be covered immediately and put back in the refrigerator for refrigeration. Never drink with your mouth to the bottle mouth, which will cause serious bacterial pollution. Even if it is refrigerated, it can’t last long. It is recommended to drink it all within 24 hours.

　　Not only coconut water, but also other liquid foods, such as milk, juice and drinks, need to be refrigerated in time after opening. How long it can be stored in the refrigerator depends on the product characteristics and sterilization process.

　　Generally speaking, products with particularly high acidity have slow microbial proliferation, such as lemon juice, cola, orange juice, etc., and they may not be spoiled or moldy even if they are refrigerated for 48 hours.

　　Those drinks with low acidity should not be refrigerated for more than 24 hours in most cases.

　　Who is suitable for drinking coconut water?

　　Coconut water is not rich in various vitamins, but it is particularly rich in potassium, and the potassium content per 100 grams can be as high as more than 200 mg, while the sodium content is relatively low, with a small amount of calcium and magnesium. At the same time, the sugar content is still relatively low, only 3% to 6%, which is in line with the standard of low-sugar drinks (the sugar content in 100 ml is less than 5 g).

　　Because the osmotic pressure is not high and the sugar content is low, coconut water is a good hydrating drink. For northerners, compared with buying coconuts directly, it is more cost-effective to buy a large box of coconut water at a discount and drink it with the whole family.

　　Because of its high potassium content, low sugar content and low calories, coconut water is more suitable for hyperuricemia and hypertension patients than other fruit juices. Coconut water is also a good thing for people who eat too much salt, or too much meat, lack of fruits and vegetables, and imbalance of potassium and sodium.

　　If you add a little salt and some water, coconut water can also be used as a sports drink. If you drink it directly, because potassium is high and sodium is low, it is not enough to make up for the loss of sodium after sweating a lot.

　　However, people with kidney disease who need to limit potassium can’t drink a lot of coconut water.

　　Coconut water does not have the aroma of coconut meat, but the aroma is in fat. Coconut meat is emulsified and mixed with coconut water, or without coconut water, white water is added directly, and some sugar and emulsifier are added, which is the daily coconut milk.

　　There is no doubt that all milky drinks contain fat. This is true for milk, soy milk, peanut milk, walnut milk, and coconut milk. Milky white is the optical effect after fat emulsification. Therefore, milk-white coconut milk drinks, or coconut milk products used to mix desserts and drinks, have much higher calories than coconut water, and saturated fat accounts for about half of its fat. The aroma and taste are great, but the nutritional value of protein and vitamins is much lower than that of milk and soybean milk.

　　Text/Fan Zhihong (director of China Nutrition Society, chief expert of science communication hired by China Association for Science and Technology)