In 2023, frequent extreme weather and climate events once again left a deep impression on people. In China, sandstorms in the northwest, droughts in the southwest, extreme rainstorms in North China and typhoons in South China have all brought rare disasters in recent years. On a global scale, forest fires in Canada, alternating droughts and floods in the United States and India, high temperatures in Europe, and heavy casualties caused by hurricanes in the Mediterranean have also caused shocking consequences.

　　Reality warns people that the negative consequences of climate change are increasing with the rising temperature. At the end of November this year, world leaders will gather in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, to attend the 28th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP28). People hope that this meeting will achieve more results and create more favorable conditions for the global response to climate change. We should not only pay attention to the set ultimate goal, but also find feasible paths and effective ways to promote it.

　　On December 12, 2015, in order to cope with the increasingly serious climate change problem, nearly 200 parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change unanimously agreed to adopt TheParis Agreement at the Paris Climate Change Conference to make arrangements for global action to deal with climate change after 2020. At this year’s COP28 conference, all parties will conduct the first global inventory since the Paris Agreement.

　　On September 8th, the report on the inventory results released by the United Nations showed the progress made since the Paris Summit in 2015, and pointed out that compared with the prediction made in 2010 that the global temperature would rise by 3.7-4.8 degrees Celsius by the end of this century, the predicted temperature rise is now 2.4-2.6 degrees Celsius, but it still far exceeds the goal of controlling the temperature at 2 degrees Celsius and trying to control it within 1.5 degrees Celsius.

　　At the same time, the report clearly pointed out that all parties need to respond to climate change in an all-round way with higher ambition and a stronger sense of urgency. At present, global greenhouse gas emissions are still increasing, and to achieve the above goals, global greenhouse gas emissions need to be reduced by 43% compared with 2019 levels by 2030 and 60% by 2035.

　　On the occasion of the upcoming global climate conference, The Paper’s Critical Point combed the climate commitment actions of some major countries in the world. In response to climate change, our window of time and opportunity is shrinking rapidly.

　　United States of America

　　It has been six months since the United States resumed its contribution to the United Nations Green Climate Fund (GCF) and allocated a new $1 billion. Rich countries, including the United States, have not yet fulfilled their climate funding commitments, and developing countries are facing the fact that the speed at which funds are put in place is far behind the increasingly severe extreme weather and climate events.

　　According to British media reports, on October 21 this year, the negotiations on implementing the "loss and damage fund" first proposed at last year’s UN Climate Conference to help countries with fragile climate rebuild their homes reached an impasse. The United States and the European Union proposed that the World Bank should host the fund. However, questa, Chairman of the Group of 77, believes that the effectiveness of the World Bank’s decision-making is difficult to cope with the climate crisis. In addition, if the fund must operate within the legal structure of the World Bank, the wider sources of funds may be limited.

　　Not only is the operation of funds stagnant, but the amount of funds raised at present is still insufficient for the reconstruction of countries with fragile climate. According to American media reports on October 6, at the donor conference held in Bonn, Germany, developed countries promised to provide 9.3 billion US dollars to supplement green climate funds. However, NGOs believe that these funds are not enough to help countries with fragile climate to cope with climate change. It is worth noting that the United States is one of the few developed countries that have not provided new funds.

　　Nine years ago, the United States promised to provide $3 billion to the Green Climate Fund, but so far it has only injected $2 billion. Of the $11.4 billion pledged by US President Biden to developing countries, the country’s Congress only approved $1 billion. In fact, as early as the 15th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP15) held in Copenhagen in 2009, the United States and other rich countries promised to raise 100 billion dollars annually for climate action in developing countries by 2020. This goal was reaffirmed at COP21 in Paris and extended to 2025. According to reports, the current funding gap is as high as $17 billion per year.

　　Fossil fuel subsidies are still soaring, despite the delays in climate finance in rich countries. According to the global regulatory organization Energy Policy Tracker, the public funds flowing to fossil fuels in G20 countries will reach a record $1.4 trillion, more than double the amount before the COVID-19 outbreak in 2019.

　　Restricted by domestic social contradictions and inflation, it is difficult to cancel fossil fuel subsidies in the United States. In the United States, the Supreme Court, which has been dominated by the Republican Party for a long time, keeps opening the floodgates of money politics for the wealthy class. The accumulated polarization between the rich and the poor has laid the groundwork for the social phenomenon that high oil prices are often accompanied by a decline in the support rate of presidential polls. On the other hand, unlike other countries, subsidies in the United States are mainly tax relief for fossil fuel companies, that is, by providing credit and expense deduction to energy producers to reduce production costs.

　　Saudi Arabia

　　Under the pressure of decarbonization, Saudi Arabia, the world’s largest crude oil exporter, launched a comprehensive action to deal with climate change and reduce carbon emissions in 2021 to reduce domestic carbon emissions, including achieving "net zero" greenhouse gas emissions by 2060, planting 50 billion trees in the Middle East in the next few decades, and launching a $10.4 billion clean energy project for the region.

　　However, according to the Financial Times reported on July 23rd, several countries, led by Saudi Arabia, tried their best to stop G20′ s call to reduce the use of fossil fuels. At the same time, Reuters reported that Saudi Arabia and other countries opposed G20′ s proposal to triple renewable energy production capacity by 2030. Saudi Aramco announced in 2021 that it plans to increase crude oil production from 12 million barrels per day to 13 million barrels per day by 2027. According to Agence France-Presse, the total profit announced by Saudi Aramco in 2022 reached a record $161.1 billion.

　　Reduce the burning of fossil fuels at home, so that Saudi Arabia can free up more oil to sell abroad. In this regard, Saudi Arabia attempts to explain the rationality of this contradiction by implementing the "circular carbon economy" plan, which envisages continuing to exploit fossil fuels and adopting new technologies to capture, store or sell carbon emissions. At the same time, according to media reports, Saudi Arabia and other traditional fossil energy countries believe that it is unrealistic to tighten the "faucet" of fossil fuels immediately, and hydrocarbons such as oil, natural gas and coal will continue to become an important part of the global energy structure in the next few decades.

　　Saudi Arabia regards tackling climate change as a long challenge, but the International Energy Agency (IEA) released a report in May 2021, saying that if the world wants to achieve zero carbon emissions by 2050, governments and enterprises of all countries must immediately stop investing in new oil and gas projects. The unresolved issue is also the "carbon capture" technology promoted by Saudi Arabia — — The effectiveness of this technology has not been proved, and the cost of applying it to large-scale mining is too high.

　　"It is believed that the economy based on the exploitation and combustion of fossil fuels can be ‘ Loop ’ The idea is absurd, and the only way it works is to rely on technologies that don’t exist yet. " Matthew Archer, a researcher at the Geneva Institute, said in an interview with the media, "These measures … are full of ambitious and ambiguous language, with few specific plans and no accountability mechanism."

　　Japan

　　Coincidentally, Japan’s climate solution is also questioned. According to local media reports, on September 29th, Japan hosted the 3rd International Fuel Ammonia Conference, which focused on the theme of decarbonization of supply chain and shipping industry. This meeting is a sign of Japan’s commitment to a climate solution, but some experts believe that the solution may not meet the world timetable that urgently needs to reduce carbon emissions.

　　Consistent with all countries, Japan urgently needs to decarbonize the energy sector. At present, Japan plans to reduce the energy share of coal to 19% by 2030. At the meeting, the government and major industries described the vision of using ammonia (a gas composed of nitrogen and hydrogen) on a large scale in the foreseeable future, that is, reducing carbon dioxide emissions from coal-fired power plants by replacing fossil fuels with ammonia. Because ammonia combustion will not emit carbon dioxide, and the co-combustion equipment of existing coal-fired power plants in Japan does not need major transformation.

　　From a technical point of view, it seems feasible to burn ammonia to generate electricity. "Japan Times" reported on October 22nd that JERA, Japan’s largest power company, is testing the 20:80 ammonia-coal co-combustion ratio at Binan Thermal Power Station in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. It is reported that JERA’s goal is to gradually increase the proportion of ammonia-coal mixed combustion and realize 100% ammonia combustion by 2050.

　　However, with the government and enterprises eager to establish an ammonia fuel supply chain on a global scale, experts began to question the feasibility of ammonia as a decarbonization solution in Japan. Although ammonia will not emit carbon dioxide when it is fully burned, fossil fuel is an essential raw material for ammonia production.

　　In this regard, many Japanese power companies, including Mitsui & Co., Ltd., are exploring a new mode of ammonia production, that is, using fossil fuels to produce ammonia, and at the same time capturing 80%-90% of carbon emissions through CCS technology. Considering the high price and poor performance of CCS technology at present, some ongoing ammonia synthesis projects focus on developing technologies to produce ammonia through renewable energy. However, Motoichi Kato, deputy secretary-general of Japan Clean Fuel Ammonia Association (CFAA), told the media that all ammonia imported from Japan is still produced by traditional production methods, and the new ammonia production technology has not yet covered the whole world.

　　In addition to concerns about carbon emissions caused by ammonia production procedures, experts also said that producing such a large amount of ammonia may pollute the air and water quality. According to the Japan Times, Japan is expected to need 3 million tons of ammonia by 2030 and 30 million tons by 2050. Climate Integrate, an independent climate policy think tank in Japan, warned that fixing nitrogen from the atmosphere to produce ammonia may further disrupt the balance of the global nitrogen cycle. In addition, the increase of nitrogen will lead to eutrophication of marine ecosystem, as well as air pollution and groundwater pollution.

　　South Korea

　　Compared with the above countries, South Korea has not performed well in dealing with climate change in recent years. According to the report updated by Climate Action Tracker on July 17, 2023, the overall rating of South Korea’s actions to deal with climate change is classified as "seriously inadequate". Furthermore, South Korea’s climate policy and energy sector planning still lack the necessary speed and rigor, and can not embark on the road that conforms to the temperature limit of 1.5°C in the Paris Agreement.

　　After the change of government in South Korea in 2022, the country’s climate policy changed, deviating from the 100% renewable energy target previously set by the government. The new president Yin Xiyue publicly stated that the target was "too expensive". According to media reports, on March 21st this year, South Korea announced that it would lower the greenhouse gas emission target of the industrial sector in 2030. According to the plan, the Korean industrial sector is required to reduce carbon emissions by 11.4% compared with 2018 levels by 2030, while the emission reduction target set by the end of 2021 is 14.5%.

　　According to the plan, the carbon emission gap caused by the adjustment will be made up by increasing emission reduction overseas and replacing traditional energy with more renewable energy. However, given that South Korea has reneged on its climate commitments, the way to make up for the plan is still in doubt. According to the Climate Action Tracking Agency, in April 2021, South Korea announced at the leaders’ climate summit hosted by the United States that it would immediately stop providing financing for overseas coal projects. Just one month later, it announced the exception of renovation and approval of related projects.

　　On the other hand, Yin Xiyue decided to revive the nuclear power plan, overturning the previous president’s reform of phasing out nuclear power. It is reported that the Korean government promulgated the tenth power plan in January 2023, aiming at using nuclear energy to realize national decarbonization. Contrary to the original goal of limiting the proportion of nuclear energy to 30% by 2030, the latest goal is to increase the proportion of nuclear energy use to 34.6%.

　　In January 2012, South Korea promulgated the Renewable Energy Portfolio Standard (RPS). According to the International Energy Agency, the plan aims to expand the use of renewable energy and make it a promising market competitor. To this end, the 13 largest Korean power companies are required to increase the use of renewable energy to 14.5% and 17% in 2023 and 2024 respectively, and to reach 25% after 2026. However, according to Yonhap News Agency’s report on January 13th, 2023, the South Korean government lowered the RPS target for this year and next to 13% and 13.5% respectively, and the final goal was postponed until after 2030.

　　Canada

　　Countries that have failed to say what they must do in climate action include Canada. According to the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC), since 1990, the country has formulated nine climate plans, but failed to achieve the goals.

　　Even though Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau released a comprehensive emission reduction plan for 2030 on March 29th, 2022, listing a series of actions that the country will take to reduce climate pollution to 40% to 45% lower than the 2005 level by the end of this century, the plan still has many defects.

　　For example, the plan does not provide enough funds to help automobile suppliers increase the sales of electric vehicles according to the government’s goals. Secondly, there are criticisms that the goal is to reduce the climate pollution of the energy industry without limiting production, which will require fossil fuel companies to make great improvements in carbon capture technology.

　　In addition, a report on April 24th said that a recent study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences showed that the Canadian government and enterprises seriously underestimated the current domestic carbon emissions.

　　Britain

　　Backward climate action may also affect the activity of other countries in the field of climate governance. According to media reports on September 20th, British Prime Minister Sunak may dilute Britain’s plan to deal with climate change, including postponing the ban on the sale of new gasoline and diesel vehicles originally scheduled to take effect in 2030, greatly weakening the plan to phase out gas boilers by 2035, and not updating the energy efficiency regulations for housing construction.

　　Sunak said that he is still committed to the legally binding goal of achieving net zero emissions by 2050. At the same time, he also said that Britain can slow down its progress in achieving this goal because Britain is "far ahead of all other countries in the world." However, considering the national election in 2024, Reuters in the United Kingdom believes that Sunak leaked the news of reducing the green policy in order to gain the support of voters who are troubled by high inflation and stagnant economic growth.

　　Britain is the first country to set a legally binding "net zero" goal in 2050. Since 1990, with the closure of coal-fired power plants and the rise of offshore wind power, the country’s carbon emissions have dropped by nearly 50%. However, according to media reports on September 21st, the British government’s independent climate adviser said that Britain still has some shortcomings in achieving its climate goals, and diluting its plan to deal with climate change may further weaken its ability to fulfill its legal commitments.

　　Since China’s accession to the WTO (hereinafter referred to as WTO), China has fully fulfilled its commitment to tariff concessions, scientifically and finely adjusted the tariff rate, tax items and special preferential tax policies within the scope of WTO rules, effectively exerted the macro-control function of tariffs, and gradually established a relatively complete tariff system that adapts to the domestic and international economic development trends.

　　(oneThe tariff policy system is improving day by day. First, the tariff level has been greatly reduced. from1992Since the end of the year, China has started a substantial process of independent tax reduction.2001Before China’s entry into WTO in, the general tariff level was changed from43.2%Drop to15.3%, a drop of up to65%.2001Since, China has reduced import tariffs year by year in accordance with its WTO commitments, up to2010In, the commitment of tax reduction after China’s entry into WTO has been fully fulfilled, and the overall tariff level has changed from that before China’s entry into WTO.15.3%Further reduce to9.8%, a drop of up to36%. Among them, the average tax rate of agricultural products is from pre-WTO18.8%Drop to15.2%The average tax rate of industrial products is from before China’s entry into WTO14.7%Drop to8.9%. Compared with the tariff rates promised by member countries to the WTO, China’s overall tariff level is higher than that of the EU (5.3%), the United States (3.5%) and other major developed countries, but significantly lower than India (48.5%), Indonesia (37.1%), Mexico (36.1%) Brazil (31.4%), Argentina (31.9%) and South Africa (19%) and most other developing countries, less than the average tariff rate of countries around the world (40%) of1/4. Among them,15.2%The average tax rate of agricultural products is not only lower than that of most developing countries, but also significantly lower than that of Norway (130.9%), Switzerland (48%) and Japan (22.2%) and other developed countries, about the average tax rate of agricultural products in the world (57.6%) of1/4;8.9%The average tax rate of industrial products is lower than that of most developing countries and less than the average tax rate of industrial products in the world (thirty percent) of1/3. Compared with the actual level of tariff burden, China is even lower. According to WTO statistics,2009The ratio of China’s tariff revenue to total imports in was only1.8%, not only lower than most developing countries such as India, Argentina and Egypt, but also lower than developed countries such as Australia and New Zealand, and similar to developed countries such as Japan and the United States.

　　The second isThe tariff items are further refined.1992In, China began to set up tariff items based on the Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System of the World Customs Organization. According to the international practice, the tariff items were set aseightBit encoding, and respectively in the1996Years,2002Nianhe2007In, the Harmonized System with the World Customs Organization was revised synchronously, and the pace of revision was consistent with that of developed countries and faster than that of most developing countries. At the same time, according to the needs of customs supervision and the rapid development of science and technology, some products, new technology products and commodities subject to import and export management measures unique to China have been added.eight hundredMultiple national subheadings,eightNumber of tax items by2001Annual7111Gradually increase2011Annual7977A.

　　The third isThe tariff structure has been continuously optimized. In recent years, while the overall level of tariffs has gradually declined, the structure of China’s tariff rate has been continuously optimized. The import tariffs on primary products such as energy, resources and raw materials have been greatly reduced, and the import tariffs on intermediate products such as some key parts and important mechanical and electrical equipment have been selectively reduced. Take gasoline and diesel oil as an example, the import tariff has changed from before China’s entry into WTO.1996Annual9%Down to the current implementation1%and0%. At present, the tax rate of imported energy and resource products in China generally does not exceed5%Among them, key commodities such as crude oil, coal and iron ore have been subject to zero tariffs. The import tariffs on consumer goods have been greatly reduced. Such as automobile import tariffs by1996Annual100%-120%Fall to the present25%, the decline is nearly80%In the past ten years, the tax reduction process of developed countries has been completed for 50 or 60 years, while the automobile tariffs of India and Brazil, both BRICS countries, are as high as.57%and35%. At present, China’s tariff rate on imported cosmetics, clothing, bags, shoes, hats, watches and other consumer goods is at a medium-low level internationally. Louis Vuitton made in France (LV) handbags, for example, China’s import tariffs are10%South Korea and India are respectively8%and10%, the United States and Japan are9%and12%The tariffs imposed by Brazil and South Africa arethirty percent. After more than ten years of adjustment, the average tax rates of primary products, intermediate products and finished products in China are about5.9%、6.7%and10.6%, and1996Three kinds of products in9.7%、16%and26.2%Compared with the tax rate, not only the tax rate is greatly reduced, but also the structure is obviously improved, which basically realizes the transformation from "high level and narrow tax base" to "low level and wide tax base" and forms a more reasonable tax rate structure.

　　(2) The role of tariff control has been effectively exerted. First, adjust the provisional import tax rate and optimize the structure of imported goods. In recent years, China has made centralized adjustments to import tariffs every year in the form of provisional tax rates, focusing on reducing the import tax rates of important energy resources products, agricultural means of production, basic industrial raw materials, advanced technical equipment and key parts, and some commodities closely related to people’s daily lives, and expanding the scope of commodities involved year by year.2011At the beginning of the year660A number of commodities are subject to provisional import tax rates, and the average tax rate is lower than5%Compared with the most-favored-nation tax rate, the preferential margin reaches50%Above. Since then, according to the changes in macroeconomic operation, since2011yearsevenmoononeSince June, it has further reduced some energy raw materials such as refined oil, non-ferrous metal raw materials and textile raw materials, as well as some disaster relief items and daily commodities.33The import tariff of a commodity, the preferential margin reached.50%. The implementation of the provisional import tax rate has effectively promoted the import of related commodities and the development of upstream and downstream industries, and played an important role in meeting the needs of economic and social development. On the one hand, the import of energy, resources, raw materials and other primary products located in the upstream of the industrial chain has continued to grow rapidly, and its proportion has been continuously improved, which has strongly supported domestic industrial production and economic construction; On the other hand, the imports of consumer goods located in the lower reaches of the industrial chain have also maintained steady growth, which has played a positive role in enriching domestic market supply and promoting domestic consumption growth. According to the statistics of customs trade,2011In, China imported primary products and consumer goods respectively.6043.8Billion dollars and1059.1Billion US dollars, a year-on-year increase.39.3%and34.5%, both higher than24.9%The overall increase of imports, accounting for the total import34.7%and6.1%The proportion has increased year on year.3.7and0.5Percentage points.

　　The second isConstantly enrich tax collection methods and effectively play the role of tariff leverage. The method of taxation is becoming more and more complete. At present, in addition to ad valorem tax, China also applies sliding duties to imported cotton beyond quota, selective tax to imported natural rubber, compound tax to imported electronic video recording equipment, specific tax to imported photosensitive materials and seasonal tax to exported chemical fertilizers. Different tax methods are adopted according to the characteristics of different commodities, which not only fully considers the interests of many parties, takes care of the relationship between upstream and downstream industries, but also comprehensively balances the relationship between supply and demand, and has received good regulatory effects. At the same time, the leverage of tariffs is effectively exerted. In recent years, according to the changes in the international and domestic economic situation and other regulatory measures introduced by the state, we have effectively responded by adjusting import and export tariffs in a timely manner.2007The price of raw materials in the international market rose in,2008The price of grain products in domestic and foreign markets rose in,2009Foreign trade fell sharply in,2010International commodity prices rose in,2011The complicated situation, such as excessive annual price increase, has effectively ensured that the domestic market supply and the overall price level are basically stable.

　　The third isImplement special preferential tariff policies to promote scientific development. In recent years, by formulating preferential tax policies on tariffs and import links, we have vigorously supported industrial transformation and upgrading and independent innovation of enterprises, effectively cooperating with the implementation of national development plans such as ten key industries, strategic emerging industries and major scientific and technological projects. At the same time, the orientation of tariff policy is further tilted towards public utilities such as science, education, health, culture and public welfare, supporting the improvement of people’s livelihood. such as2008The preferential tax policy for import of major technical equipment, implemented since, exempts key parts and raw materials imported by domestic enterprises for R&D and production of major technical equipment from customs duties and import value-added tax, and cancels the corresponding tax-free policy for import of complete machines and complete sets of equipment. With the support of this policy, domestic200A number of equipment manufacturing enterprises have developed a number of products with independent intellectual property rights and core technologies by introducing technology to digest, absorb and innovate, and achieved leap-forward development.

　　The next step is to strengthen the preliminary thinking of tariff system construction: First, pay more attention to the scientific and planning adjustment of tariff rate and tax items, and change from reactive and temporary adjustment to active and forward-looking adjustment, forming an efficient, scientific and strict policy adjustment mechanism. Second, pay more attention to the construction of tariff policy system, further strengthen and improve the role of tariff leverage, and change from studying and introducing individual policies to strengthening policy coordination and policy convergence, so that tariff policies and other regulatory measures can form a joint force and enhance the regulatory effect. Third, pay more attention to the performance evaluation of tariff policy, from paying attention to policy design to paying attention to the evaluation of policy implementation effect, optimize the evaluation model and improve the evaluation method. In addition, the Ministry of Finance will actively and steadily promote various multilateral and bilateral tariff negotiations in accordance with the principle of mutual benefit and win-win, and change from designing a single negotiation plan to making a master plan and formulating a standardized negotiation plan.

　　Ma Jia is a teacher majoring in mathematics in a university in Beijing. This summer, he enrolled his daughter Ma Lu in a 12-day math extracurricular class. "In her daughter’s words, the most difficult questions in the extracurricular class are also simpler than the simplest ones she usually does at school." However, Ma Jia still insisted on letting her daughter go to this extracurricular class. "The mathematics learned at school is too difficult, so let the children find the confidence to do the problem here."

　　Ma Lu is studying in a good middle school, and the second day of junior high school is about to begin. This school is yearning for many parents because of its "difficult study" and "good grades in the senior high school entrance examination".

　　While attending classes in Ma Lu, in the adjacent classroom, Tao Qian, who just finished "Xiaoshengchu", was also attending math classes. "Many parents told me that math in primary schools is too simple. If I don’t study in the summer vacation, I can’t keep up with school." Tao Qian’s mother told the reporter of China Youth Daily and China Youth Network.

　　Same math, different troubles.

　　In fact, the troubles brought by mathematics to Chinese people in these years are by no means just these.

　　A few years ago, at the craziest time of choosing a school in junior high school, Olympiad was the most powerful "weapon" in choosing a school, so that many children were miserable when they learned it.

　　Later, the Olympiad became a "monster" and was banned again and again. Mathematics was also in the voice of reducing the burden and has been reducing the difficulty.

　　What followed was that China students’ scenery in the International Mathematical Olympiad was no longer there, and the champion who had won for many years was lost for four years.

　　Just as people questioned whether the difficulty of mathematics had dropped too much, just after the college entrance examination and senior high school entrance examination this year, there were media reports that the candidates were crying outside the examination room because the questions were too difficult.

　　Is mathematics difficult or easy? Should mathematics be more difficult or easier?

　　Some people say that China’s mathematics education has been swinging in recent years, and this swing seems to be unique to China: when a group of people shout "too easy", we seem to think that mathematics is easy and should be more difficult; When another group of people shouted "It’s too difficult", we seemed to think that mathematics was difficult and were busy reducing the difficulty.

　　On July 12th this year, the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Ministry of Education, the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Natural Science Foundation of China jointly issued the "Work Plan on Strengthening Mathematical Science Research" (hereinafter referred to as the "Plan"), calling for strengthening mathematical science research and continuously and stably supporting basic mathematical science.

　　It is mentioned in the Plan that the strength of mathematics often affects the strength of a country, and almost all major discoveries are related to the development and progress of mathematics, which has become an indispensable and important support in the fields of aerospace, national defense security, biomedicine, information, energy, ocean, artificial intelligence, advanced manufacturing and so on.

　　The release of the document has played a decisive role in mathematics teaching, and some essential problems should be discussed more fully: how should mathematics education in primary and secondary schools develop? Can the swing from easy to difficult stop? The reporter of China Youth Daily and China Youth Network recently interviewed many experts in the industry, trying to make a more rational analysis of the current mathematics education in primary and secondary schools.

　　"shallow enough to make people want to cry"

　　Primary school mathematics is caught in the form of operation and visualization.

　　"I always emphasize that primary school mathematics must not be too operational and intuitive, and students should learn to think and recall problems." Liu Jiaxia, dean of the School of Primary Education of Beijing Institute of Education, said.

　　At one time, mathematics education in primary and secondary schools in China was famous for its difficulty. Many people may still remember the classic example: when an American adult is asked what 7×8 is, they will be very embarrassed to answer, "I’ll look for a calculator." And the same question, China grade two or three primary school students will basically blurt out.

　　While people are proud of China’s children’s solid mathematical foundation, they are also thinking about how memorizing the multiplication table of 1999 can really help a child’s mathematical study.

　　Some experts pointed out that mathematics learning should go through romantic period, accurate period and comprehensive period, while primary school learning is in romantic period, so that children can play and go to school.

　　As a result, in many places, primary school mathematics has not only increased the content of practical operation, but also the exams in the lower grades of primary schools have become a "music test". Many years ago, the exercises such as oral arithmetic competition and calculating the standard for 100 days have become rare.

　　"But in fact, this ‘ Play and learn ’ It is a higher realm, and the requirements for teachers are higher. " Liu Jiaxia said that not all grades of study must be ‘ Play and learn ’ , and not all knowledge is suitable for ‘ Play and learn ’ . Especially in the middle and senior grades of primary schools, we should not only operate and be intuitive, but also have reasoning, and some rational methods and training should keep up. "Although it is necessary for middle schools to reflect on refining the law after doing the questions, there will be difficulties in the connection of middle schools if there is no relevant training at all in the primary school stage."

　　Not long ago, there was a post on the Internet that caused a heated discussion. A teacher left homework in the parents’ WeChat group, saying: One of the math homework in the evening is hundreds of millions of grains of rice, so parents can urge their students to finish it and take it to school in food bags the next day. The group of parents immediately exploded. Some said, "If one grain counts, it will take a year." Some said, "Is this a brain teaser?" Others asked, "How can I get to school tomorrow?".

　　Although the case of hundreds of millions of grains of rice is too wonderful, the situation of being too formal and operating for the sake of operation can be seen everywhere in today’s primary school mathematics classroom.

　　Teacher Liu Jiaxia introduced that once she went to a division class in primary school. The example given by the teacher in class is 24÷2, which means that 24 is divided into two parts on average. How to divide it? The teacher led the students to divide the sticks, first one by one, then two by two, and then continue to divide them. "If you are a sophomore, this division is still meaningful, but the real difficulty in this class is the vertical division. This division is completely for the sake of division and operation." Liu Jiaxia said that the teacher should directly present: "two bundles of four", two bundles are two tens, and there are four left, and divide the "two bundles of four" equally. At this time, the children should be led to discuss why they should be divided into high positions first (that is, "bundles"), and then the high positions will be divided into low positions.

　　"Elementary school mathematics is so shallow that people want to cry." A primary school math teacher said that sometimes it is even required to teach students no more than two steps to solve problems.

　　Teacher Liu Jiaxia introduced that primary school students often use the "staring method" to solve problems: there is no need to draw pictures, discuss or question, and the answer is unique. There are only two steps at most, and you can know the answer by staring. "In fact, primary school mathematics should be easier to test, but it is slightly more difficult to learn. The difficulty is not to increase the difficulty of knowledge, but to expand students’ knowledge, to be more reasonable, and to tell the stories behind mathematics knowledge." Liu Jiaxia said, but now there is too much emphasis on operation and intuition, which makes many primary school math classes like teachers coaxing children to play.

　　不过有时候也不仅是老师哄着学生玩，学生也哄着老师玩。

　　“我们在实际教学中还有一个矛盾。”北京某小学的数学牛老师说，学习内容虽然简单，但是对老师的课堂教学过程还要求多样化。“我们经常在课堂上问：孩子们谁还有别的方法？谁还有问题？但这其实低估了孩子的智商，学习内容这么简单还能有多少方法？还能提出多少问题？”牛老师说，久而久之，学生们便配合着老师一起演。

　　老师哄着学生、学生哄着老师，学校里的学习氛围变得轻松了，这种轻松既无法满足聪明孩子的求知欲，同时也无法满足中国家长“不输在起跑线上”的期望，于是“不满足”的家长带着“吃不饱”的孩子进了课外班。

　　初一学初二的课程

　　超前学让中学数学陷入刷题的汪洋大海

　　小学阶段的数学太容易了，浪费了学生的智力。那么，中学呢？

　　有人说在中国最苦的学生就是中学生，因此最应该给中学生减负。

　　Many people feel that it is difficult to learn, so the burden is heavy, so to reduce the burden, we should reduce the difficulty. "There is actually no relationship between burden reduction and difficulty." Professor Zhao Xuezhi from the School of Mathematical Sciences of Capital Normal University said.

　　Today, great changes have taken place in the content of mathematics learning, and at the same time, the methods of mathematics have also changed. This change itself may bring a burden to students. "For example, we used to use derivation to do geometry problems, but now we will use vectors." Zhao Xuezhi said that vector has been debated by math teachers since the day it was introduced. Many people think that the introduction of vector destroys the joy that geometry brings to students when they finally draw a wonderful auxiliary line after trying to break their heads. Others regard the introduction of vectors as evidence that mathematics has reduced the difficulty.

　　"In fact, it is difficult to make a simple summary with difficulty." Zhao Xuezhi said that just like walking the same road, people used to walk, but later they changed to take a bus. Originally, walking and taking a bus would not add extra burden to people. But if you go out for a while and then drive back, then go and drive again, the burden will be heavy.

　　Experts pointed out that these problems encountered in the development of mathematics will disappear with the skilled use of tools and methods. In middle school, what really causes students’ heavy burden of mathematics learning is not the difficulty, but the advance — — That is to say, when teachers and students are not ready, they are in a hurry to catch up with the progress, which often causes teachers not to pay attention to the teaching process, while students are eating raw rice.

　　Ma Lu, who started school in Grade Two, began to learn the content of Grade Two in the next semester of Grade One. Ma Lu said that just because what she learned in school was fast and difficult, she had to "return to the furnace" in the extracurricular class during the summer vacation.

　　Learning ahead of time has become a very common phenomenon in middle school mathematics learning.

　　What knowledge is learned at what age is suitable for students’ cognitive characteristics at this stage. Learning ahead means that what they have learned is beyond students’ cognitive ability. In order to let students master knowledge, teachers usually practice a lot.

　　"Let’s take a simple example to see the relationship between learning ahead and the burden." Professor Zhao Xuezhi said that if we teach at an age consistent with students’ cognitive level, we only need to make it clear that 2 is bigger than 1, and then students can draw countless groups of comparisons by analogy. However, if students learn ahead of time, they can’t understand the relationship between comparisons. In order to let students master this knowledge, teachers will let students remember that 2 is bigger than 1, 3 is bigger than 2, and 4 is bigger than 3 … … "Exhausted and remember, this process is a process of massive practice. Can the burden on students be small?"

　　在这个过程中，数学教学培养的是学生的记忆力，而不是推断力。“数学的学习关键是掌握了原理，然后举一反三，而不在于你记住了哪些具体的知识。”赵学志说。

　　但是，在当前的很多中学，中考和高考分数仍然是教学的主要奋斗目标，在这种前提下老师们不是以更多的精力引导学生进行更多的思考，而是总结题型，追求题型的全覆盖，进而把学生扔进刷题的汪洋大海。学生的思辨能力、推理能力自然无法得到很好的训练。

　　今年高考之后，考生们被“难哭了一片”，很多人不禁怀疑：难道数学的难度又要提高了吗？其实，高考数学科目刚刚结束，教育部考试中心的命题专家就指出，2019年的数学试卷，在难度、区分度上都与前两年相当，只是更加强调考查学生的理性思维能力，综合运用数学思维方法分析问题、解决问题的能力。

　　The proposition expert specifically mentioned the Venus that made the candidates "frightened" and pointed out that this question is not to be difficult for students, but to "explore the beauty of the golden section of the human body and integrate aesthetic education into mathematics education." When the candidates calmed down and looked at this "Venus" again, they finally understood that "Venus" was only a narrative way of the topic, and the real mathematical knowledge had probably been learned in the sixth grade of primary school.

　　The difficulty of the college entrance examination has not increased, but the flexibility has increased, and the students who are tired of brushing the questions are at a loss.

　　Many experts pointed out that there is nothing wrong with the reform direction of mathematics education, and there is nothing wrong with reducing students’ burden. The crux of the problem is that professional things have not been entrusted to professional people.

　　An expert said that people will always mention the difficulty coefficient now, but in fact, the difficulty coefficient is an indicator of post-verification, and it is a monitoring indicator for the education management department to maintain the stability of the exam for a long time. "We don’t need to monitor the difficulty coefficient like monitoring blood sugar at all." Zhao Xuezhi said that the whole society and even ordinary people are concerned about talking about this coefficient, which can only increase anxiety, and it is easy to misread the changes of numbers, which in turn leads to unnecessary misunderstanding of mathematics education.

　　An expert suggested that the reform should be handed over to the education management department and teachers should be liberated from daily affairs, so that the mathematics classroom can return to rationality and mathematics can return to its original appearance. (Reporter Fan Weichen)

　　(At the request of the interviewee, Ma Jia, Ma Lu and Tao Qian are all pseudonyms.)

　　A few days ago, the statistics released by the Ministry of Finance showed that from January to April, the national general public budget revenue was 8,317.1 billion yuan, up 11.9% year-on-year; General public budget expenditure was 8,641.8 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 6.8%. Overall, fiscal revenue continued to rise steadily, and fiscal expenditure maintained a high intensity. Experts said that the fiscal revenue and expenditure structure was further optimized and balanced in the first four months, reflecting that fiscal sustainability has improved with the steady recovery of the economy.

　　It is reported that in the first four months, the national general public budget revenue increased by 11.9% year-on-year, which was not only driven by economic recovery growth, but also affected by some special factors. For example, part of the income at the end of 2021 was put into storage at the beginning of last year, raising the base and lowering the income growth. Last year, small and medium-sized enterprises in the manufacturing industry deferred taxes and some taxes were put into storage at the wrong time this year, which boosted the income growth this year. In addition, a large-scale tax refund policy was implemented in April last year, and it returned to normal this year. The tax refund amount was greatly reduced year-on-year, which directly increased the income growth in April to 70%, which correspondingly increased the cumulative income growth from January to April. After deducting the above-mentioned special factors, from January to April, the national general public budget revenue increased by about 4% on a comparable basis, and the comparable growth rate increased by 1 percentage point compared with the first quarter, continuing the steady recovery trend.

　　General public budget revenue consists of tax revenue and non-tax revenue. From the perspective of tax revenue, from January to April, the national tax revenue totaled 7,037.9 billion yuan, up 12.9% year-on-year, and increased by about 4% after deducting special factors such as tax rebates.

　　Statistics show that from January to April, the domestic value-added tax increased by 58%, and increased by about 10% after deducting the tax rebate factor, which was mainly driven by factors such as economic recovery growth and the slow tax payment of small and medium-sized enterprises in manufacturing last year. Domestic consumption tax decreased by 17.9%, and value-added tax and consumption tax on imported goods decreased by 12%, mainly due to the high base in the same period last year. In addition, corporate income tax increased by 3.7% year-on-year.

　　The real estate market is still gradually recovering, with deed tax increasing by 6.3%, which has rebounded for three consecutive months, mainly driven by factors such as narrowing the decline of land transfer income and the recovery of second-hand housing market in some key cities; Property tax increased by 20.5%, and urban land use tax increased by 11.5%, mainly because the income in some areas was put into storage in advance at the wrong time; Farmland occupation tax decreased by 8.8%, and land value-added tax decreased by 15.2%.

　　Bai Yanfeng, a professor at the School of Finance and Taxation of the Central University of Finance and Economics, believes that from January to April, the national general public budget revenue and tax revenue achieved double-digit growth, even after deducting incomparable factors such as tax rebate, it also achieved positive growth, especially the growth rate of the first tax value-added tax after deducting the tax rebate factor still reached about 10%, and the income tax of the second tax enterprise also achieved positive growth. "These indicators all show that China’s national economy is fully recovering and getting better."

　　"Tax indicators that mainly reflect the status of business entities, such as value-added tax and corporate income tax, show a year-on-year growth trend, reflecting China’s strong economic resilience, great potential and full vitality. The proactive fiscal policy will further release the potential of optimizing the economic structure, continue to improve the effectiveness and accuracy of the policy, and promote the consolidation of the economic recovery momentum. " Li Xuhong, director of the Institute of Finance and Taxation Policy and Application of Beijing National Accounting Institute, said.

　　From the perspective of fiscal expenditure, financial departments at all levels strengthen the overall planning of financial resources, maintain the necessary expenditure intensity, and increase investment in weak links and key areas of economic and social development. Statistics show that from January to April, the national general public budget expenditure increased by 6.8% year-on-year. Key expenditures such as basic livelihood, rural revitalization, major regional strategies, education, and scientific and technological research have been effectively guaranteed. Among them, social security and employment expenditure increased by 10.3%; Education expenditure increased by 6.9%; Health expenditure increased by 8.7%; Urban and rural community expenditure increased by 3.1%; Expenditure on agriculture, forestry and water increased by 8%; Expenditure on science and technology increased by 9%; Expenditure on housing security increased by 8.9%.

　　Li Xuhong analyzed that the implementation of fiscal expenditure was strengthened in the first four months, especially in the fields of people’s livelihood and science and technology. "In the future, we should further optimize the structure of fiscal expenditure and give full play to fiscal funds ‘ Four or two thousand catties ’ The role of effectively promoting the expansion of investment in the whole society and promoting the recovery and growth of consumption. "

　　Special debt plays an important role in promoting the expansion of effective investment and maintaining stable economic operation. Statistics show that from January to April, 1,857.5 billion yuan of local government bonds were issued for project construction, including 330.3 billion yuan of general bonds, which were mainly used for the construction of non-profit public welfare projects such as rural revitalization, pollution prevention and control, and reinforcement of small reservoirs. The special bonds amounted to 1,527.2 billion yuan, which were mainly used for municipal construction and industrial park infrastructure, social undertakings, transportation infrastructure, affordable housing projects, agriculture, forestry and water conservancy and other key areas identified by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, and promoted the construction and implementation of a large number of projects that benefited people’s livelihood, supplemented shortcomings and strong and weak items.

　　The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Finance said that the next step will be to work with relevant departments to guide local governments to continue to do a good job in the reserve of special bond projects in accordance with the key areas determined by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, continuously improve the quality of reserve projects, and give full play to the fund efficiency of special bonds.

　　 Special feature of 1905 film network　This year marks the 50th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and France. No matter the films shown in the cinema or the co-production projects, the audience can obviously feel the continuous warming of Sino-French cooperation, from the initial ambiguity to the great show of love today. On the one hand, French films such as Beauty and the Beast, Don’t Mess with Me, Superbody, and Wild Africa 3D have entered the cinema one after another to "get in touch" with the China audience, on the other hand, various types of Sino-French co-production projects are also in full swing. The standard Sino-French co-production The Nightingale was selected to represent China in the Oscar for Best Foreign Language Film, and jean jacques annaud’s Wolf Totem, which took seven years, is about to debut in the Lunar New Year’s Eve. There are also many co-productions in progress, such as the creative animation The Prince and the 108 Evil Men and the magic film The Gate of the Warrior. The future cooperation space is still expanding.

　

　　　 In response to this year’s upsurge of Sino-French film cooperation, 1905 Film Network exclusively interviewed Ning Ning, the producer of Nightingale in China, Mark Gao, the chairman of Jimei Film, jean jacques annaud, the director of Wolf Totem, and Isabel Granchet, the representative of Greater China of the French Film Alliance, and deeply dissected the multi-faceted cooperation of Sino-French films. From now on, it will be divided into Sino-French co-productions (Part I), Sino-French multi-faceted film cooperation (Part II) and Sino-French film cooperation.

　

[How did it hit it off? 】I like your box office market, and you like my international style.

　

　 　 Gu Hongming, a famous scholar in the late Qing Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty, once said in the book Spirit of Chinese: "In my opinion, it seems that only the French can best understand the real civilization of Chinese and China." The French always has a little unruly free will when making movies, and this romantic feeling in his bones directly affects the way they cooperate with other countries.

　

　 　 In the words of director jean jacques annaud, they are more willing to "follow a good story to make a film" and go deep into other countries’ cultures, and don’t particularly care whether there are obvious French elements and French actors in the film. Isabel thinks this is a "very romantic way" for the French. Of the films that French audiences see every year, 17% of the film investment comes from the co-production system. French directors have rich experience in co-production. For them, it seems natural to go to other countries to shoot and present the humanistic customs of other countries. At the same time, the China film market, which has rapidly grown into the second largest ticket warehouse in the world, has unlimited opportunities and unlimited banknotes.

　

　 　 For China, to strengthen cultural soft power, more channels are needed to support cultural output. Co-production is a clever way to increase international vision and viewpoint. While we are co-producing, we also hope that the film can reflect the story of China culture and China, and it is better to have China actors in Chinese dialogue. As a result, this hit-it-off cooperation concept makes Sino-French film cooperation seem sweet and tacit.

　

　 　 Isabel:A Sino-French co-production can have no French feeling at all. For example, the first film co-produced by China and FranceI 11You didn’t know it was a French film because you couldn’t see where the French was and the French was behind the scenes. The Nightingale is the same. You won’t think that it was shot by the French, but you can feel some French elements in it.

　

　 　 China’s rule is the other way around, and relevant institutions in China hope to see China’s story and China’s actors on the screen. It may also be because of such different requirements that our cooperation is very tacit. Because for the French, it can be an actor from China or a story from China. the French welcomes such a co-production, and because of this, we think The Nightingale is particularly successful.

　

[Go, go to the box office in France! 】The criteria for co-production between China and France are quite different.

　

　　　 Since the first Sino-French co-production film "Kite" came out in 1958, co-production as an important film production mode has been paid much attention. In 2010, China and France signed a film co-production agreement. Last year, five films were approved by the Chinese side, including Wolf Totem, Night Peacock, Rainbow at Starry Night, Looking for Romai and The Gate of Film and Television. In the words of Mark Gao, chairman of Jimei Film, the signing of the Sino-French Co-production Agreement "gives a standard from the industry, so that both sides have normative documents to follow, which is also beneficial to the whole financial arrangement for China, such as investment ratio and inclination, which is more conducive to promoting cooperation in some films."

　

　 　 To be a Sino-French co-production, a film must be made in both China and France.Co-project, that’s much more demanding.In China, we must follow the "28 principle": in terms of investment, neither country can be less than 20%; In terms of production mode, the China-based team must have a certain proportion of the French, and the French-based team must also have a certain number of Chinese. France’s project requirements are more specific, and they need to be strictly graded: "How many points do directors, screenwriters and recording teams have, and everything must add up to more than 25 points to sign a Sino-French co-production, so as to be released and distributed in France according to French films and enjoy all the benefits and treatment of French films." Ning Ning explained: "There is also a requirement in France that the final subtitles should prevail. For example, when you set up a project, you said that you would use someone, but you don’t need him in actual operation (it is impossible). There will be various departments in France to strictly review it. Finally, when the whole film is submitted for review, it will be reviewed with reference to your previous approval. "

　

[Dual nationality takes advantage to get soft! 】Tax subsidies and support policies enjoy the treatment of domestic films.

　

　 　 If the combination of Chinese and French cultures lays a good foundation for cooperation, then the advantages of larger box office market space and copyright sales are undoubtedly colorful candy that tempts producers. The signing of the Sino-French Film Co-production Agreement not only helps more French films to enter China, the second largest ticket warehouse in the hot world, but also directly promotes the release and copyright sales of China films in Europe. Promote the exchange between Chinese and French filmmakers, and at the same time further promote the diversified development of world movies.

　

　 　 Ningning:To put it bluntly, the advantage of co-production between China and France is that it has dual nationality. In China, it is a domestic film, while in France, it is a French film. Because it belongs to a local film in each country, it enjoys the supporting policies and preferential policies that each country should have for films, including its own tax subsidy policy. In China, we release domestic films, so we just enjoy a share of more than 43%, unlike the importer who can only get about 25%.

　

　 　 At the same time, because he is a co-producer, he will be more international in film temperament and have more advantages in the sales of international copyright. At present, the films we make are more to meet the local demand than the demand of the international film market, so in recent years, China’s films will always be a little acclimatized in the international market. Co-productions such as The Nightingale are more in line with international tastes. By October, we have sold 11 countries and regions. Although the film is not big, it is quite remarkable from the current figures of international copyright sales. The film has been shown in Israel and Korea now. Like the film festival, we can participate in competitions such as the China Watch Award and Hundred Flowers Award in China, and we can also participate in French film promotion activities. This dual nature gives more opportunities for film promotion and distribution.

　

　 　 Mark Gao:Because in France, as long as a Sino-French co-production is a French film, French television stations will support it. From the early investment of the film, there will be more protection. In China, co-productions as China films will also have preferential policies, which will actually promote the cooperation between film creators of the two countries. It is also easier to consider the whole investment arrangement.

　 　 Jean jacques annaud:There is a proportional standard for TV reception in Europe. If this is a China film, it will be classified as a foreign film. In this part, China films will compete with many American films every year, and it is difficult to be the first choice for European film stations. However, if this is a co-production film and is regarded as a European film, there will be less competition, especially for a blockbuster like Wolf Totem, which is rarely produced as large as ours, so it will be easily accepted by European TV stations, which means a lot of money in Europe. Because it’s not just a screening in a movie theater, but it will last for several years, which makes it bring a lot of money to investors. Moreover, China filmmakers also get French subsidies, and the funds obtained from this cooperation come from different sources.

　

　 　 The "support policy" of French TV stations mentioned by Mark Gao, chairman of Jimmy Film, and the "subsidy" mentioned by Arnold are actually the protection measures of the French government for local films. The French government will provide subsidies of about 250 million euros for the film and television industry every year. Because the Sino-French co-production belongs to French films, it is stipulated that the state should "take care of" this film and give cinemas and distributors corresponding support funds. However, it should be noted that this "benefit" is limited to France. If you want to enjoy this kind of treatment in the whole of Europe, it is not enough to turn into a co-production, but also a foreign language film. It is difficult for China actors to enjoy the treatment of European films and get subsidies in Europe.

　 　　Isabel(Whether Chinese-French co-productions are more conducive to distribution in Europe) It still depends on the language. If it is in Chinese, it may only be bigger in the French market, because it is still a French movie when it is broadcast on TV. French TV stations, like China, have a clear stipulation that 60% of European films (40% of which are French films) and the rest are foreign films. China and the United States are both included in foreign films, so they will definitely choose more American blockbusters in the choice of Chinese and American films, because they want to attract audiences. Therefore, Sino-French co-productions have more advantages when they are purchased by French TV stations.

The long-delayed COVID-19 epidemic has once again highlighted the indispensable and extensive influence of digital technology on a global scale. The rise of new technologies such as artificial intelligence, Internet of Things, 3D printing, augmented reality and virtual reality, and quantum computing is subverting the traditional economic and social operation mode and shaping new development opportunities. How a country responds to the various changes brought about by the technological revolution and establishes corresponding competitiveness around digital technology will not only determine its future economic growth, but also affect its geopolitical status. In this context, countries all over the world have put the digital transformation in the fields of economy, governance and life into the important agenda of the government, and increased resource input and policy support to improve their digital competitiveness.

Not long ago, the European Center for Digital Competitiveness of the European Advanced Business School (ESCP) released the Report on the Promotion of Global Digital Competitiveness in 2021 (Digital Riser Report 2021）。 The research report comprehensively uses the relevant data from the World Economic Forum, the World Bank and the International Telecommunication Union to evaluate and rank the current digital competitiveness of 137 countries around the world, and extracts the best practices of countries with rapidly rising digital competitiveness, so as to provide decision-making and action guidance for other countries. The relevant research conclusions have certain reference significance for countries around the world to understand the advantages and disadvantages of their digital transformation from a macro perspective and to calibrate the strategic direction of enhancing digital competitiveness.

The research report simplifies the definition of a country’s "digital competitiveness" as 10 equal weight factors in two categories: "digital ecosystem" and "digital thinking mode", and divides all countries into nine groups, namely, G7, G20 and Asia-Pacific, Eurasia, Europe and North America, Latin America and the Caribbean, Middle East and North Africa, South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa defined by the World Economic Forum. On this basis, combined with the data of the three years from 2019 to 2021, it is scored and ranked. Among them, the elements belonging to the "digital ecosystem" include the difficulty of obtaining venture capital, the cost of starting a business, the time required for starting a business, the convenience of hiring international talents, and the digital skills of university graduates; The "digital thinking mode" includes the digital skills of the working population, the attitude towards entrepreneurial risks, the diversity of labor force, the scale of mobile broadband users, and the acceptance of subversive business development ideas by enterprises. The scoring results intuitively reflect the changes of digital competitiveness of countries in terms of sub-items and overall, while limiting the ranking to nine groups is to ensure that the comparison baseline is relatively fair and the results are comparable. By combing the relevant evaluation results, the report puts forward three main findings:

Nowadays, the global digital competitiveness is changing.

The research report shows that while the digital competitiveness of some countries and regions is rapidly improving, some leading digital countries in public perception are gradually losing their advantages. Taking China and the United States as two digital superpowers, for example, during 2019-2021, China’s digital competitiveness improved obviously (+211), while the United States showed a decline (-72). Moreover, whether in the G7 or G20 group, the ranking of the increase in digital competitiveness of the United States is in a relatively backward position. The analysis believes that the decline of digital competitiveness in the United States is mainly driven by the dimension of digital ecosystem, including a series of adverse effects such as increasing immigration and visa barriers, which makes it more difficult to attract international digital and information professionals. The promotion of China’s competitiveness is mainly reflected in its strong advantages in the dimension of digital thinking mode, including the proposal and deployment of a series of national overall strategic plans, and taking scientific and technological innovation and entrepreneurship as important measures to achieve high-quality development.

In addition to the United States, Britain (-85), Sweden (-92) and other developed countries in digital technology also failed to show a significant increase in digital competitiveness. India (-396), Germany (-176) and other big countries even experienced a sharp decline in competitiveness in both digital ecosystems and digital thinking modes. However, some countries, such as Georgia (+153), Egypt (+258), Canada (+47) and Vietnam (+339), which do not have a high digital starting point, have become the leaders in this field because they have implemented a series of fruitful digital transformation measures. To some extent, this shows that the global digital competitiveness pattern is in the process of dynamic reorganization, and new global digital technology leaders will appear in the future.

Digital competitiveness is closely related to digital transformation measures.

The research report collects the "Best Practice" of digital transformation in G7, G20 and seven regional economic groups whose digital competitiveness has increased significantly in the past three years, covering the actual progress in the fields of strategic planning, policy assistance, investment support and perfect supervision. For example, through the implementation of the "National Innovation and Skills Plan", Canada set up a strategic innovation fund for digital transformation, adding more than 70,000 jobs, driving more than 45 billion US dollars of investment, and injecting new vitality into the national economy; Vietnam pushes the "National Digital Transformation Plan in 2025", vigorously advocates the adoption of emerging digital technologies, builds a digital government, and sets a long-term goal that the digital economy will account for 30% of the national GDP by 2030; Egypt has vigorously promoted the "ICT 2030 Strategy" and the "Digital Egypt" plan, thus becoming the leader of digital transformation in the Middle East. Therefore, the report believes that the promotion of national digital competitiveness is closely related to the government’s clear long-term goal of digital transformation and leading the formulation and implementation of comprehensive planning for digital transformation.

To enhance digital competitiveness, we need to support digital innovation and entrepreneurship.

The research report found that countries with rapidly rising digital competitiveness pay great attention to attracting international talents, promoting innovation and entrepreneurship, and strengthening the education and training of digital skills. For example, Italy has established a legal framework to provide visa convenience and tax incentives for start-up companies and scientific and technological talents through the Entrepreneurship Law (ISA), thus attracting tens of thousands of start-up companies to register and operate in Italy in just three years; The Spanish government has launched a series of entrepreneurship support policies, including the Entrepreneurship Promotion Law, the establishment of a national entrepreneurship office, and the introduction of outstanding international talents. Georgia is actively implementing the "2017-2021 Strategy for the Unification of Education and Science" to promote the modernization of science, technology and innovation system.

In view of this, the research report emphasizes that each country needs to fully develop its own digital thinking mode and digital ecosystem, and pay attention to the speed and effectiveness of policy implementation in order to improve its digital competitiveness. At the same time, from the evaluation results of global digital competitiveness in 2021, under the influence of multiple factors, the speed of digital transformation varies greatly among different countries, and the global competition pattern around digital transformation also shows a rapid change trend, and there may be many possibilities in the future. Generally speaking, countries that attach importance to and vigorously promote digital transformation can basically make significant progress in a relatively short period of time. Even countries with weak digital foundation can realize the acceleration of digital transformation after taking appropriate actions and measures. Therefore, governments should attach great importance to and carefully consider the future strategic decision-making and management mode in this key field, and effectively promote digital transformation based on actual national conditions.

The submission of this article was first published in April, 2021 of Retail Bank.moon

During the Spring Festival in 2021, what do you think has the greatest impact on finance?If you are a real banker, you will tell me "I don’t know". Because getting off to a good start is the most important period for the bank’s business development in one year, and it is also the period when the personnel are the most green and yellow. Serious bankers are busy grabbing business at a good start. They don’t even have time to grab business. Bankers who can only wait in line to ensure normal operation have no energy to pay attention to the society. Even on New Year’s Eve, they are still thinking about which relatives to get a credit card and which relatives to recommend funds for tomorrow’s New Year’s Eve. In the Spring Festival of 2021, it was not the Spring Festival Gala, in which the program was getting worse every year, nor Tik Tok, who robbed the right of red envelopes in the Spring Festival Gala, nor Hi, Mom, who moved countless people to shout "Me too". I want to say that the cover of WeChat red envelopes should have the deepest impact on finance.

Wechat red envelope coverIt seems to be a very simple thing, that is, adding a brand, beautiful and personalized cover to the red envelopes that we often send to each other on WeChat. This cover can be a picture or a video, which adds some fun to the originally monotonous red envelopes. The process of getting the cover of the red envelope is full of activities, participation, collection and attention, which makes users enjoy it and creates good opportunities for more brand businesses to spread. A few banks, having discovered the brand building opportunities brought by the cover of red envelopes, made a small test of water during the Spring Festival, creating a particularly lively New Year with as little face-to-face contact as possible. The e-commerce, retail and internet industries have a greater impact. Xiaomi, Louis Vuitton, Akiba PPT, Volkswagen and other brands have taken this opportunity to reshape their brand image and get in touch with customers. When the process of applying for a red envelope cover with a personal number was simplified, a higher upsurge was set off.

We say that a good start is a favorable opportunity for banks to redistribute a large amount of liquidity during the Spring Festival, and when many people are celebrating the Spring Festival in the same place this year, the cover of red envelopes has become a new means of redistributing liquidity. Today, let’s talk about how a red envelope covers the bank’s opening to the Internet, the impact a red envelope covers on WeChat, society, customers and enterprises like banks, and how to make good use of WeChat red envelopes to expand the bank’s business and brand influence.

First, understand the cover of WeChat red envelope

In order to prevent some bank friends from really getting off to a good start, they didn’t touch the cover of the WeChat red envelope. We have a simple understanding of the cover of WeChat red envelopes. Focus on understanding a red envelope game, what kind of development strategy and ambition is hidden behind WeChat.

1. The craze for red envelope covers

In fact, the craze for the cover of red envelopes is particularly easy to spread, because everyone gives out red envelopes during the Chinese New Year, but suddenly someone gives out red envelopes with different covers, which will soon attract others’ attention. then what After everyone grabbed the red envelope, the focus of WeChat chat naturally turned to how to get these personalized covers. It is also very simple to use, mainly divided into three steps:

(1) production

Enterprises or individuals apply for and make red envelope covers according to their own brand image. Note: This cover is not a normalized style template, but can be customized. What is this? This is the advertisement that enterprises can do. Isn’t our bank the favorite to do touch?

(2) Distribution

Red envelope covers can be distributed through many channels, and individual users who like them can find brand channels to collect them. When you send out your own red envelopes, choose the right cover among the many obtained red envelopes and send them out with the red envelopes. That is, the distribution of red envelopes has been completed, and publicity has been completed for enterprises.

(3) Experience

As an ordinary individual customer, when you see someone else’s red envelope, you can see the cover with personality style on it. After clicking, you can see the picture or video of the cover of the red envelope in addition to the amount of the red envelope. Excellent cover design will be sought after by many users.

2. The business logic behind it

Why does a simple red envelope cover attract everyone’s attention? Behind this lies a simple combination of understanding of human nature and business logic.

(1) Customer gradient

Many banks use financial assets to measure customer gradient, and many enterprises use consumption quotas to identify customer grades. Have you ever thought that this customer gradient is the level of customers you like, and through the cover of the red envelope, you can know what kind of customers like you, and you can distinguish the level that likes you. The simplest thing is that customers who like the cover when they see the red envelope are junior; Customers who are willing to search for the cover of red envelopes are intermediate; It is senior customers who are willing to participate in various activities of the brand and strive to get the cover of the red envelope. If you don’t like the brand, customers don’t have the initiative to get red envelopes, which can enhance the appeal of the brand and test the appeal of the brand.

(2) brand ownership

The role of brand building is to build a consensus, which can make customers automatically belong. On the cover of the WeChat red envelope, this automatic attribution will easily appear. For example, you sent a red envelope with the cover of "the glory of the king" in the group of "loving family", and then your three cousins and four cousins sent you "I didn’t expect you to be such a cousin, chatting privately." Reply, you quickly build a group of "brothers in battle, fathers take you to fly" and drag them into the group. You see, a red envelope covers all the the glory of the king children in the relatives.

(3) Achievements

The reason why red envelope covers are sought after is that they are rare. According to the rules of play, the red envelope covers issued by enterprises are charged, so the quantity must be limited. Maybe we can develop a function of "collecting envelopes" to collect red envelope covers in the future. A limited number of things will lead to rare looting and personalized people without me. In many fields, this limited edition thing is synonymous with achievements such as "senior", "professional" and "peak".

(4) Social fission

Understand the gameplay and understand the algorithm. The red envelope cover provides enterprises with a low-cost fission means of WeChat platform to realize the rapid expansion and transmission of brands. What do you have in mind? Yes, involution, if you don’t deliver, others will seize your market. So what is the fission effect from the perspective of cost? Let’s look at the following formula.

Fission algorithm: number of covers issued × number of people receiving red envelopes each time/cover production cost = fission efficiency.

Briefly explain:

Number of Covers Issued: it is the total number of red envelope covers issued by individual users after receiving them.

Number of people receiving red envelopes each time: it is the total number of people receiving red envelopes after a red envelope with a cover is sent out.

The multiplication of the above two is the total number of people affected by the cover of the red envelope.

The cover production cost includes: the total of design fee, production fee (star invitation, film shooting, post-processing, etc.) and red envelope cover application fee.

Fission efficiency: that is, the number of customers affected by each dollar spent on the cover of red envelopes.

3, the role of the bank

What benefits can our bank get from the cover of the red envelope? Can it break the fate of the bank "holding money without getting customers"? Don’t tell me yet, there may be.

(1) Expanding channels

The bank’s self-built online channels include Palm Bank, various apps, various WeChat official account, various applets and various video numbers. In most cases, these access channels need to have a front, that is, you have to have them before you can receive their publicity. The cover of WeChat red envelope is different. As long as a few customers have it, it can be quickly dispersed and spread, and it can attract these customers to the online channels of banks. Although he may not be a customer of your bank, he is already a channel user of your bank.

(2) Brand promotion

Most banks’ brands are not fresh, and they lack interaction and communication with customers. One-way publicity has become the biggest dilemma for bank brand expansion. In the red envelope cover, there can be not only pictures, but also videos. More importantly, in the process of obtaining the red envelope cover, more activities and interactions can be implanted, so that people can express their opinions after knowing and understanding the brand. This is the way to find "play".

(3) Customer activation

The entire banking industry has the largest customer base in China. It is reported that the total number of individual customers of major banks in China exceeds 4 billion, and the per capita population in China exceeds 2 bank accounts. Since 2015, the financial circle has been killing pigs in an endless stream, and the common people (603883, shares it) have reached the point of talking about financial discoloration after several years of "thinking on the top floor balcony". Factors such as reduced contact between banks and customers, weak demand for financial services, and decreased customer arrival rate at bank outlets have brought about an increase in the proportion of bank customers sleeping and a faster sleeping speed. The cover of the red envelope solves the dilemma of the bank for many years: how to realize the rapid serial number interaction without customers reaching the outlets? Even the cover of a red envelope can quickly activate a large number of sleeping customers with only a few customers at the beginning in the communication process. You can never wake up a customer who is pretending to sleep, but a red envelope can.

(4) Get customers

After empowering customers with communication functions, banks quickly realized the blurring of cultural boundaries. Cross-border communication of customers will bring customers with customers. In many activities of banks, we can combine the cover of red envelopes with offline New Year activities to turn channel "users" into "customers". If online account opening is not restricted by regulations, pure online customer acquisition can be realized.

Second, contact the cover of WeChat red envelope

Well, action is better than action. Whether you are an account manager struggling at the grassroots level or a product manager looking for a way of customer flow at the top, let’s take a look at how the cover of the red envelope is played.

1. Enterprise application

Banks can apply for a red envelope cover as an enterprise, and bank account managers can apply for a red envelope cover as an individual. The process is not complicated, but because the ingenuity is very different, the final effect will be different. At the very least, a good-looking cover will be robbed by more people.

Bank application, through the red envelope cover open platform (cover.weixin.qq.com). The process is very simple. When we introduce the process, we will also introduce some design points of the process:

(1) Qualification: Enterprises, governments, media and other organizations, and banks are one of them. Before registration, we have completed the enterprise certification of WeChat WeChat official account, or the certification of enterprise video number (open certification after 1000 powder).

(2) Cover customization: upload the prepared pictures, texts and video materials as required. Mainly includes:

Cover Style: The cover style mainly determines the styles of red envelopes in four states: one is the message bubble of red envelopes, which is the style of a line of message bubbles displayed when red envelopes are distributed in the chat window; The second is to open the red envelope page, which is the style of the red envelope with the word "grab" when the message bubble is clicked to grab the red envelope; The third is the details of the red envelope, which is the style of how much money everyone grabs after clicking the word "grab"; The fourth is the cover story page. After the details page is pulled down, the brand style on it will become bigger and enter the cover story page. These style pages naturally need to upload pictures, bank logo and other materials. The main points are good-looking design, brand characteristics and the needs that customers may pursue (such as stars, etc.).

Cover story: the cover story is the signal focus of the red envelope cover transmission. Just like after eating a box of chewing gum, I found a water margin 108 collection card hidden in the chewing gum box. You can use pictures and videos here, yes, you can have videos for up to 15 seconds, and you can also mix video pictures, allowing a total of five materials. When users watch, they can slide horizontally to turn pages.

Additional links: You can also attach links at the bottom of the cover story. This link can be WeChat official account, video number, applet and so on. When you receive a red envelope, read the story, and are interested in the bank, the cover and any product, you can see the link by pulling down and click to enter various channels of the bank for in-depth understanding. Think clearly about all aspects of drainage for you.

(3) Submit for review: When all customized contents are confirmed, they will be submitted to Tencent for review, and the review time is generally 1-3 days.

(4) Order payment: Just like finding a printing factory to print red envelopes for you, you set the style, then determine the quantity, and you can get the red envelope cover you want after payment. Try 10 pieces for free, and 1 yuan/piece after more than 10 pieces. Now do you know where the "cover production cost" is in the previous formula?

(5) Cover distribution: After placing the order, you can get the distribution method of the red envelope cover, generally there are three ways: QR code, serial number and receiving link. These three distribution methods, combined with diversified online channels and strange operational gameplay, can form countless fission methods. Are you still worried that you won’t get customers online? One way a week, half a year’s activities are not repeated.

2. Individual application

If you are an account manager and already have certain customer resources, then applying for a red envelope cover by yourself can enhance your stickiness to customers. Many account managers already have a good private traffic community, creating a personal design that customers like and recognize, so the red envelope cover will help you strengthen your personal brand. On the individual application, the procedure is simpler, which is slightly different from the enterprise application. Here, we only say the different parts:

(1) Apply for qualification: individual users with video numbers who have completed personal authentication. Note that it is not WeChat official account, but video numbers. Publish at least one video and get 10 likes. This is too easy.

(2) Different from enterprise application:

No need to review, just apply.

Only two models can be customized, and only 10 models can be issued each. You can only make an experience version.

Free, no money. You can’t give money if you want, because you won’t increase the quantity.

You can only get it through small programs.

For a personal brand of a bank, 20 red envelope covers are probably enough, but if it is a online celebrity, bilibili UP owner, anchor with goods, etc., it is probably not enough.

3, a few tips

(1) Catch early: Just like WeChat sending red envelopes, many people didn’t respond in the first year, and in the second year it became a customer habit for everyone. The threshold of red envelope cover is very low, which will become the normal state of brand building in the future, so catch early and enjoy early, and catch late without discount.

(2) Beautiful, cool and interesting: the cover of the red envelope should look good, and someone will grab it if it looks good; Personality is needed, and personality will be refreshing in this highly homogenized market; What if there is nothing? There are videos, which can be interesting, and cut into the interests of different customers.

(3) User’s standpoint: Remember the previous fission algorithm? If banks only care about their own brand promotion, they can increase the number of red envelope covers, and people will rob you if they like you. But don’t forget to consider from the user’s point of view, whether the person who grabs the red envelope will like it when he gives it, which is related to the bank’s remembering that the user uses your cover to help you promote it, and you have to be responsible for the user’s taste, otherwise he won’t send it out when he gets it. After all, he can get a variety of red envelope covers in the future.

(4) Less complete sets: Why do customers grab red envelopes? Because the amount of red envelopes is small, the number of people who get points is also small, and if you grab it slowly, it will be gone. Then why did you grab the cover of the red envelope? We’re going to make the red envelope cover less, and it’s also a complete set. You need one that can kill Virgo. If you cooperate with the activities of a super loyal customer, for example, if you collect 108, you will get a set of two "thin gold lettering" and "Ruihe map" of Song Huizong calligraphy and painting commemorative credit card on the cover of the red envelope. This will definitely become an explosion in the circle.

Third, the drainage of the red envelope cover

The cover of the red envelope is ready, so we can rush towards the customers like the stars and the sea. How to drain the red envelope has become the most interesting part. Combined with the offline ability of the bank, it will definitely make the year’s activities colorful.

1. Basic logic of drainage

When you start to talk about methods, you can speak quickly, listen well and forget everything. Therefore, you should talk about logic first, so that your friends in banks can have the ability to create their own drainage methods. Otherwise, the case will always eat what others spit out. So what is the basic logic of the drainage on the cover of WeChat red envelope? It is the following formula.

Scene+channel+function+play = drainage method

We have talked about two formulas today. What does this formula mean? It is where, what function, and how to play with customers that they will take the bait. Let’s take a look at what these four elements have in the cover of the red envelope.

(1) Scenes

The application of the red envelope cover includes two scenarios, one is when the user receives the red envelope cover, and the other is when the user uses the red envelope cover to send a red envelope. Therefore, the fission process we designed needs to consider the psychology and behavior of users at these two time points.

(2) Channels

There are many channels that can realize the fission of red envelope cover. From the logic that everything is a channel, almost everything that can be seen can be turned into a channel. Then for banks, it is mainly divided into online channels and offline channels.

Because the red envelope is online, there are many online channels, including: WeChat official account, video number, APPlet, circle of friends, WeChat group, live broadcast, own app and so on. Offline channels are mainly divided into traditional offline channels of banks, outlets, self-service equipment, employees, etc. And the channels of partners, that is, his outlets, self-service equipment, employees, etc.

(3) Function

The fission function is mainly reflected in the distribution of red envelope covers, which can be divided into two types: bank initiative and customer initiative. The functions of customers actively looking for the cover of red envelopes are mainly reflected in: QR code, serial number, receiving link, searching and so on. The main functions of the bank’s initiative to issue red envelope covers can be used: turning cards in the circle of friends, grouping red envelope eggs, blessing bags for auspicious words and so on.

(4) Play

The gameplay is mainly a method of interacting with customers, or it is designed to be evil. It can be said that the whole customer is a method. After all, things given away for nothing are too easy to get and won’t be cherished. These methods can be solved by technical means, regardless of online or offline, including: lottery, praise collection, attention, registration, sign-in, games, questions and answers, updating, binding ID cards and so on. How to do these details will not be introduced one by one, but will be mentioned in the following examples.

3. Drainage method

The logic is clear, and the tools are available, so that the past is available, and it is much easier to talk about methods, and to tell examples also knows what logic is in line with and what tools are used. We will not be limited to these cases, but also design our own methods according to various circumstances and opportunities. Let’s give some examples below.

(1) The applet registers for the lottery to get the cover.

Formula substitution: get cover+applet+QR code (or serial number)+registration (lottery, pull new)

Effect target: Drainage, innovation, collecting customer data, creating scarcity and improving taste.

adaptability: cover content suitable for high-end customers and high-end cultural themes.

method of workA bank and a national museum made cultural integration and produced a set of 9 Zhang Guobao series red envelope covers. Then the way to collect the cover of the red envelope can be to enter the small program of the bank or the National Museum, complete the account registration, and fill in the complete personal information, so as to obtain the qualification for a lucky draw and complete the lucky draw reservation. Every time you invite 3 friends to register, you can get an extra lucky draw. On the lucky draw day, WeChat official account issues serial numbers or QR codes to the winning customers to extract the red envelope cover.

(2) WeChat official account Drainage Plus Product Matrix won customers.

Formula substitution: Get the cover+WeChat official account+QR code (or serial number)+Laxin (follow WeChat official account)

Effect target: drainage, innovation, expansion of coverage, publicity of bad reviews

adaptability: banks suitable for broad-spectrum product promotion and popular positioning.

method of workA bank made nine high-quality products into a red envelope cover matrix, and pushed the red envelope cover poster through WeChat official account. Customers shared the red envelope cover poster with their friends, and three friends paid attention to WeChat official account, so they could get the red envelope cover. How nice it was, there was no need for a lottery, but only one of the nine models could be obtained. After that, you will be further prompted that you can continue to increase the attention of your friends and get other red envelope covers. There has always been a new one, 9×3=27, and the fission is 27 times.

(3) Video number to WeChat group

Formula substitution: Get cover+video number+red envelope egg or lucky bag (QR code or serial number)+WeChat group.

Effect target: Strengthen the division of channels and traffic, and turn public domain into private domain.

adaptabilityIt is suitable for individual account managers to share private domain traffic from the bank traffic pool and subsidize loyal customers.

method of workPrompt the customer by watching the video number, the bank sends out a red envelope cover, asking to pay attention to the video number, and privately sends the video number. The video number assistant will invite the user to enter the exclusive welfare group, and the account manager will obtain the QR code or serial number received by the red envelope cover through the welfare group to distribute red envelope eggs and lucky bags. This group can be a customer maintenance group established by the account manager at the beginning. After the video number is issued with a red envelope cover, in this way, more customers can be obtained from the bank’s large flow pool. Of course, it would be even more beautiful if the account manager’s personal video number can still get customers.

(4) star drainage plus product experience

Formula substitution: Get cover+video number (WeChat official account)+QR code (serial number) +APP task.

Effect target: channel migration, functional experience and user habit formation

adaptability: the expansion of functional apps such as pocket banking.

method of work: Launch a red envelope cover with celebrity endorsements, and then set up a continuous task interface in the APP that needs to be promoted (such as handheld banking). Then remind customers in the WeChat official account or video number that the way to get the cover of the red envelope is to download the APP and complete the daily task in the APP. Of course, this task is to familiarize customers with the use and develop basic user habits. Naturally, the simpler the better. Then, one week after the daily task is completed, the APP will automatically issue the serial number of the red envelope cover.

(5) The combination of online activities and offline activities

Formula substitution: issuing red envelopes+offline outlets (partners punch in)+QR code (serial number) +APP task.

Effect target: Strengthen customer life connection and realize traffic conversion with partners.

adaptability: form brand gathering and customer sharing when co-building offline brands with partners.

method of workA bank cooperates with a local coffee brand, and the bank and coffee brand distribute red envelopes in their respective customer groups, with the red envelope cover jointly built by the brand. A video link is left under the brand story of the red envelope cover to remind customers how to get the red envelope cover. Customers need to go to any outlet of the bank to punch in with the Palm Bank APP, and then go to any store of the cooperative coffee to punch in with the coffee APP. You can get a red envelope cover after two tasks are completed. If banks and partners add other offers or on-site activities at this time, it will make the site very active. You can also issue the red envelope cover at a fixed time. For example, when you hold a bank customer meeting in a coffee shop, you can complete the record with the APP task and get the red envelope cover from the account manager.

(6) Diversified combinations

Seeing the above cases, we can see that the red envelope cover can cover almost all our online and offline scenes, and the strong drainage ability will become a powerful means for us to enrich our activities. According to the structure of the formula, we can construct a variety of online and offline WeChat red envelope games that are popular with customers according to our own conditions. I also hope that fruitful friends can itemize your achievements through magazine readers or visit my WeChat official account.

4. Normalized red envelope cover

A friend said that we have missed the Spring Festival and made a good start. Is it still meaningful to cover this red envelope? Of course, because this will become an important publicity trend of every enterprise, brand and organization in the future, and this trend will bring the following effects.

(1) Festival normalization

The Spring Festival has passed, but it is only halfway through the first half of the year, and only a quarter of the whole year. There are still a lot of domestic and foreign festivals waiting for customers to give out red envelopes. Moreover, in various festivals in the future, the orientation will be stronger, the characteristics of customer gathering will be more obvious, and the publicity of red envelope covers can still play a huge role.

(2) Matrix cover

The festival is normalized, how to make the cover of the red envelope? According to the release plan of the red envelope cover, it is also integrated into the annual activities, which is the matrix with time clues as the core. Of course, we mentioned another kind of matrix earlier. Do you remember? Yes, it is the characteristic matrix, which can be a multi-product matrix: for example, a bank has nine theme outlets in different locations of the city, and customers can collect red envelope covers at different outlets as punch cards; For example, a bank is engaged in promoting cultural exchanges between China and Japan, taking the gold sacred clothes in the Saint as the cover of red envelopes and issuing one every month; The simplest, for example, a bank has 10 employees, and their photos are made into red envelope covers. Excellent employees are selected every month, and customers vote for employees. The employees elected that month can distribute red envelope covers to their voting customers. You see, in addition to distribution, there is also a collection effect. Scarcity makes the cover of red envelopes more valuable. It also makes the bank’s activities sustainable for a long time, and there are plans, which can be warmed up, fed back and resumed, and the better.

(3) Brand multi-contact

The essence of the cover of the red envelope is the secondary distribution of the national traffic of WeChat, and the secondary distribution is the distribution of the backflow valve through the contacts. For banks, this kind of contact can be combined with a variety of traffic, as mentioned in our previous examples, such as stars, games, live broadcasts, online celebrity, tourist spots and so on. It is also very good if banks can have their own flow contacts, such as Kun Kun (Zhang Kun) and Lan Lan (Glen) before the stock market crash.

Fourth, the trend of red envelope cover

In the near future, the cover of red envelopes will gradually change users’ habits, which will become an important brand promotion means and have a far-reaching impact on the business system with traffic as the core. This influence includes three parts:

1. Impact on WeChat

What wechat develops, naturally wechat benefits first. The cover of WeChat red envelope is a rare "unrestrained" product since WeChat became a national-level software, and even it is eager for quick success and instant benefit, and it has exposed a strong enterprising spirit in time, which can be described as killing four birds with one stone.

(1) Enterprise WeChat/WeChat official account

Many friends may not know that the red envelope cover function was launched on enterprise WeChat as early as January 2019, and the "emoticon red envelope" launched at the same time settled on WeChat, while the red envelope cover has been spinning around enterprise WeChat, with the goal of activating the customers of enterprise WeChat. It is used to mark competing products such as nails. When the scene positioning of office software such as Nail is different from that of WeChat, Nail is positioned as the anti-humanity software of employee management, while WeChat is positioned as the humanized software of customer experience. By putting the red envelope cover into the civil WeChat market, WeChat will counter the corporate WeChat and consolidate the corporate WeChat official account through a larger user group.

(2) WeChat video number

Since 2019, the more important competition is in the field of short video. Although WeChat launched a video number to compete with Tik Tok. However, the WeChat video number based on acquaintances’ socialization pays more attention to conveying professional and brand capabilities, while Tik Tok is more civilian and entertaining. There are great differences in the magnitude of users and the speed of communication, and more importantly, there are many fewer UP owners who create content. In the Spring Festival of 2021, through the cover of WeChat red envelope, a large number of personal video UP owners were activated, and efforts were made to make better progress in the field of video numbers.

(3) WeChat red envelope

Then it is to give a shot of stabilizer to the mobile payment market. There is no more stable market in the payment field than the WeChat red envelope, and the cover of the red envelope strengthens the original demand of customers and makes the experience of this original demand better. In the eyes of C-end customers, experience is still king.

(4) Traffic distribution

Friends who have read my previous book "Running an Online Mall, Getting Customers Online Like Pinduoduo" must know that Pinduoduo is engaged in e-commerce on the surface, and behind it is a "game-oriented traffic distribution" business. Today’s WeChat red envelope cover is the distributed realization of more than one billion users of WeChat. Compared with other distribution methods, this is already the best distribution method to experience. Therefore, all enterprises and banks grab traffic at different costs from this large traffic pool. The cover of a red envelope with a dollar is just a huge gain of low value, large quantity and long tail.

2. Impact on customers

For customers, the cover of red envelopes has gradually changed some behavioral needs and usage habits. This is not only beneficial to Tencent, but also very beneficial to the improvement of customer experience.

(1) Increment of red envelope play

The cover of the red envelope is an increment of the red envelope playing method, and it is a way to enhance the experience through more detailed sensory expression. After all, it used to be just sharing money, and the cover of the red envelope also shared beauty, happiness and hobbies.

(2) Scarce brand sense

The scarcity of red envelope covers has caused a good brand effect. Just like some people love to buy bags, some people love to buy "donkey brand" bags, and some people love to buy limited edition "donkey brand" bags, why is the price getting higher and higher with this progressive? Because it’s getting scarce.

(3) New social aggregation

What is brought under the brand is the automatic attribution of customers, which also helps customers form a new social gathering. Through red envelopes, The Infiltrator with common interests can be blown up in different groups, and acquaintances can socialize and enter a new track. I think this meaning is doubly important to Tencent and its customers.

3. Impact on banks

For our bank, it is very important. Apart from advertising and getting customers online, the most important things are two points:

(1) Online play

It has expanded the online gameplay of the banking industry and brought the online activity operation ability of the banking industry to the same level as that of Internet companies. Note that Tencent has given you a bottom line, and the peak is created by the wisdom of bankers, which cannot be saved at all.

(2) Return data

In the banking system, very little feedback is collected from customers, while the cover of red envelopes provides banks with more customer behavior data from another dimension. In this way, banks can learn more about what customers like me, what they like and why they like me.

Fifth, the final beginning

The cover of the red envelope is not everything. The traditional idea of "customers introduce doors and experience depends on the grassroots" is no longer suitable for the well-informed Internet environment. If we can get some dividends and gains from the operation of the red envelope cover, we still have to seriously consider the following issues:

1. Traffic entering the door is just the beginning.

It has been stated many times in Internet thinking that "customer purchase is not the end, but the beginning of service". As an "account" trading enterprise, banks should have a deeper understanding of this point. What is the purpose of getting customers? Is it all right to get a guest? Did you become a sleep client after you got the guest? Traffic entering the door is only the beginning of service. Compared with the return rate of 1‰ of customers lost through online channels on the Internet, banks can’t afford to lose in this competitive situation.

2, the head brand can accelerate the amplification.

The dividend period on the cover of red envelopes may wake up quickly, which is a typical dividend formula for fast fish eating slow fish. Once the head brands of all walks of life rise, then small-scale followers will be left behind, and they will enter the arduous blue ocean nude swimming stage. Therefore, from the bank’s point of view, whether small banks operate in a traditional way or find a unique blue ocean, they must quickly eat dividends, expand their scale and become head brands.

3. Getting customers becomes getting passengers.

Turn short-term, phased and customer-oriented customer acquisition into long-term, continuous and customer-oriented customer acquisition. The cover of the red envelope helps you to distinguish the types of customers, so banks should consider the preferences and service methods of these customers. And package this into a fixed package, which is called service productization, and finally become the brand radiation, and become the foundation for continuous customer acquisition.

4. Diversified operation and gameplay.

The more you go to the Internet, the more young people live in the world. The traditional "play" of banks is replaced by the "play" of red envelopes on the Internet. Clients want to play with you, not get hit by you. In the past, banks only hit customers, but now they give you ways to play with customers.

It is purely original. If you want to reprint it, please keep the article as it is.

This article was first published on WeChat WeChat official account: The Trace of Time. The content of the article belongs to the author’s personal opinion and does not represent Hexun.com’s position. Investors should operate accordingly, at their own risk.

　　Cctv newsOn May 25th, the 72nd World Health Assembly in Geneva, Switzerland, deliberated and adopted the 11th Revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11), which included traditional medicine originated from traditional Chinese medicine for the first time. This is a valuable achievement made by the government of China and Chinese medicine experts after more than 10 years of continuous efforts. This news is expected, and related reports were as early as June 2018; But it is also a milestone. As a great invention of the Chinese nation, Chinese medicine is a precious gift from China to the world, which shows that it is being recognized more and more widely.

　　Incorporated for the first time in the past hundred years

　　The Director-General’s Report of the World Health Organization points out that ICD-11 includes a report entitled "Traditional medical diseases and syndromes — — The supplementary chapter of Module 1 classifies the traditional medical diseases and syndromes that originated in ancient China and are widely used in China, Japanese, Korean and other countries. Incorporating supplementary chapters on traditional medicine into the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) enables people to make statistics on traditional medical services and medical treatment for the first time, evaluate its form, frequency, effectiveness and safety, and compare it with mainstream medicine and research.

　　ICD is an internationally unified disease classification standard formulated and promulgated by WHO. It is the normative standard of disease classification for governments in medical treatment, management, teaching, scientific research and policy making, and it is one of the authoritative foundations and general standards in the global health field. After a hundred years, ICD has been revised 10 times, and this is the first time that Chinese medicine has been included in the "International Classification of Diseases" in the past hundred years.

　　150 diseases and 196 syndromes in traditional medicine are included in the chapters of traditional medicine, and words describing TCM syndromes such as "Yin deficiency" and "Yang deficiency" are listed. After being included in ICD, the relevant data can be collected not only from China, but also more widely in the world, so it can provide more and more reliable basis for the clinical research of traditional Chinese medicine.

　　International exchanges and cooperation highlight business cards.

　　In the exhibition area of the Life Experience Hall of the Beijing World Expo, almost half a floor was used to display the contents related to traditional Chinese medicine.

　　On May 22nd, the State Council held a press conference in China International Fair for Trade in Services in 2019. When answering a reporter’s question, Vice Minister of Commerce Wang Bingnan said that a number of new characteristic service trade bases should be established in the fields of digital services and traditional Chinese medicine services, so as to promote the formation of a new pattern of "one pilot, one demonstration and multiple bases".

　　Chinese medicine has already gone to the world. In recent years, with the improvement of China’s comprehensive national strength, the spread and status of Chinese medicine overseas are also constantly improving, and the internationalization process is also entering the fast lane.

　　In October 2015, Tu Youyou, a Chinese medicine scientist, won the Nobel Prize for his invention of artemisinin, becoming the first Chinese to win the Nobel Prize in science.

　　In August 2016, at the Rio Olympic Games, cupping and acupuncture unexpectedly became popular as "artifacts" and were sought after by many Olympic athletes, including swimming superstar Phelps and gymnast Alex. Ancient Chinese medicine physical therapy methods have become the focus.

　　In December 2016, the State Council Information Office published Chinese Medicine in China. This is the first time that the Chinese government has published a white paper on the development of Chinese medicine.

　　According to state administration of traditional chinese medicine, at present, Chinese medicine has spread to 183 countries and regions. China has signed special cooperation agreements on Chinese medicine with more than 40 foreign governments, regions and organizations, established a number of overseas Chinese medicine centers in countries and regions related to the Belt and Road Initiative, and opened hundreds of Chinese medicine colleges and universities in more than 30 countries and regions.

　　In addition, Chinese medicine has actively participated in the free trade zone negotiations between China and 14 countries and regions, in order to reduce the market access of Chinese medicine and reduce trade barriers. Chinese medicine has become a bright business card for China’s international exchanges and cooperation.

　　It is reported that Chinese medicine has been included in the framework of high-level cooperation with the United States, Russia, Britain, Germany, France, Canada, Italy and other countries; The mechanism of traditional medicine cooperation meeting between China, South Korea, Singapore and Malaysia has been established. China’s cooperation with the World Health Organization, International Organization for Standardization, Central and Eastern European countries, ASEAN, SCO, BRICS and other multilateral institutions in the fields of national policy formulation, scientific research and standardization of traditional medicine is also constantly strengthening.

　　Open the second pulse of "Ren Du"

　　I still remember the movie "Scraping" that year. Grandpa used the traditional Chinese medicine "scraping" therapy to treat his grandson, but the red mark on his skin limb was regarded as child abuse in the United States. Over the years, the traditional medical field has worked tirelessly, but it is still difficult to become the international mainstream medicine. Experts believe that bringing traditional medicine into ICD is like opening up the second pulse of Ren Du, which is a milestone.

　　Zhang Qi, director of the Department of Traditional Medicine, Complementary Medicine and Integrated Medicine of WHO, said that the inclusion of traditional medicine in ICD marks the recognition of the value of this part of traditional medicine, including Chinese medicine and its origin, by the whole international public health system represented by WHO, and also recognizes the fact that Chinese medicine is being used more and more in China and internationally.

　　Zhang Boli, an academician of China Academy of Engineering and president of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, believes that this is conducive to the international exchange and cooperation of traditional Chinese medicine, promotes the integration and development of traditional Chinese medicine with the medical and health systems of other countries in the world, and lays a foundation for countries around the world to know, understand and use traditional Chinese medicine, which has very important practical significance and far-reaching historical significance.

　　More and more foreign "small partners" believe that while using Chinese medicine, more and more foreigners have embarked on the road of studying Chinese medicine. The inclusion of ICD will also be more conducive to their study.

　　Just a few days ago, during the Asian Civilization Dialogue Conference, Hu Man, an Iranian "foreign traditional Chinese medicine", who was invited to attend the conference, talked about his personal experience: Chinese medicine is traditional medicine, and it has a lot to do with culture. In his view, acupuncture is China’s and the world’s. I hope that through my own efforts, more people will feel the charm of Chinese medicine.

　　Huggins, a Brazilian student, suffered from stomach trouble, and his martial arts teacher cured him with Chinese medicine. Since then, Higgins has been fascinated by Chinese medicine. Now, he has opened the Brazilian College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, hoping to spread Chinese medicine culture in the South American continent.

　　Standardization has a long way to go.

　　In the Museum of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Huqingyutang, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, there are countless specimens of Chinese herbal medicines, and one of the display cabinets contains the identification of the authenticity of Chinese herbal medicines. In that year, there were as many as four kinds of common fakes of Cordyceps sinensis alone.

　　With the change of environment, the way of collection has changed from wild to planting, and some genuine medicinal materials are no longer authentic. In addition, Chinese medicine and western medicine are two different theoretical systems, and the unclear effective components, unclear mechanism of action and lack of quality standards of Chinese medicine have always restricted the internationalization of Chinese medicine.

　　In January, 2010, the secretariat of the Technical Committee of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO/TC249) settled in Shanghai, and China began to gradually grasp the leading role of international standardization of traditional Chinese medicine. This is also a world discourse right in the field of traditional Chinese medicine.

　　In May 2017, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) officially released "Chinese Medicine — — Panax notoginseng medicinal materials, which is the first international standard for quality evaluation of medicinal products led by China. Subsequently, Chinese herbal medicines such as Artemisia argyi, Ganoderma lucidum, Radix Isatidis, Dendrobium candidum and Gastrodia elata have successively obtained international standards.

　　In recent years, a number of traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions have been accepted by European and American markets better and faster by defining the effective substances and establishing standardized production chains. China has gone further and further on the road of promoting international standardization of traditional Chinese medicine. Zhang Weidong, director of the Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry of the Department of Pharmacy, China Naval Medical University, believes that it is very important to let the world know about traditional Chinese medicine by modern scientific and technological means.

　　According to reports, ICD11, which is included in Chinese medicine this time, is designed to be more easily integrated with electronic health records and information systems, which will help shorten the transition period for the promotion and application of traditional medicine such as Chinese medicine in Europe and America. Experts believe that this achievement is also helpful for the standardized development of Chinese medicine itself. Dou Danbo, a professor at Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, said that in view of the wide service population of traditional Chinese medicine, it will be beneficial to the supervision of traditional Chinese medicine, the safety of traditional Chinese medicine and the comparison of curative effects of traditional Chinese medicine.

　　The integration of Chinese medicine into ICD is only the first step, and it still needs to be strengthened in standardization and international cooperation for a long time. As Academician Zhang Boli said, the official release of ICD-11 will help our country to establish a morbidity statistics network which is connected with international standards and reflects the information of Chinese medicine health service, show the ability and position of Chinese medicine service in China’s health service from the perspective of statistical analysis, and also comprehensively reflect the situation of Chinese medicine providing services to people all over the world.

　　The acupuncture bronze man for ancient medical study displayed by Beijing World Expo.

　　Chinese medicine, as a "health messenger" connected with people’s hearts, has taken root and blossomed in the hearts of people all over the world.

　　(Comprehensive from: Xinhuanet, CCTV News, state administration of traditional chinese medicine website, Changjiang Daily)

Writing/Photo courtesy of Liu Zhirong

You can’t always stay at home, but you have to travel, or commute to work, or go on business trips, sightseeing, and travel can’t be separated from subways, railways and highways. When you take subways, trains and highways, have you ever wondered: How are those tunnels dug through them?

Early tunnel excavation was manual plus blasting.

In the past, the way of tunnel excavation was manual excavation and blasting. For soil layer and gravel geology, manual excavation was used, and tools such as pickaxe and shovel were used to excavate the tunnel face. As far as rock geology is concerned, pickaxes and shovels can’t be dug, so it is necessary to use explosives to blast rocks at the tunnel face, and then transport the gravel out of the tunnel.

"Face" is a civil construction term, which refers to the excavation face that keeps advancing during tunnel construction.

As far as subway tunnels are concerned, in the past, the "open excavation and landfill method" technology was mostly adopted, that is, the street was destroyed first, and a ditch was dug by uncovering the cover, and then the tunnel wall was poured in the ditch. After the tunnel was built, it was buried and compacted with earthwork, and the street was repaired again. In the early days of Chinese mainland, the subway tunnel was excavated by "open excavation and landfill method", and later the "shield machine excavation method" was adopted. Shield machine was used to dig tunnels in the construction of Guangzhou’s first subway line (Line 1).

In the past hundred years, shield machines have gradually become popular in tunnel excavation. At present, shield machines are basically used in long tunnel excavation.

Britain used a shield machine to dig tunnels in 1825.

"Shield machine" is a name in China, generally known as "tunnel boring machine" (TBM) internationally, and "mole" in civil engineering jargon, because it digs holes underground like a mole.

In 1825, Britain used a shield machine when digging the Thames Tunnel. This shield machine was invented by Sir Mark issam Bald brunell, a French-born British engineer, and he applied for a patent for the shield machine. The Thames Tunnel is 396 meters long and passes through the Thames River in London.

In 1845, the international railway from France to Italy was opened. This railway ran across the Alps, and it was necessary to dig the Freres Tunnel at an altitude of 1,123 meters. This tunnel was 14 kilometers long, which was the longest tunnel in the world at that time. The tunnel ran through the Freres Peak at an altitude of 2,932 meters, that is to say, the maximum thickness of the rock above the tunnel was 1,809 meters.

In order to build this tunnel, Henry Joseph Mauss invented the "mountain cutting machine", which was manufactured in an arsenal near Turin, Italy in 1846. The "mountain cutter" looks like a locomotive, with more than 100 vibrating drill bits in front, which are used to smash the rocks on the face. "Mountain cutting machine" already has some functions of modern shield machine.

In 1853, ebenezer Talbot, an American, applied for the patent of shield machine, and the patent name was "Tunnel Boring Machine".

In 1870, john D bruton, an Englishman, developed and manufactured a shield machine with cutter head, which is very close to the shield machine widely used now.

In 1875, the French National Assembly passed a bill to build the English Channel Tunnel, and the British shield machine was selected for excavation. From June 1882 to March 1883, the shield machine excavated 1882 meters on the British side; Alexander Lavalle, a French contractor who built the Suez Canal, used a shield machine to dig 1,669 meters on the French side. Practice has proved that the efficiency of tunneling with shield machine is very high. However, the project was terminated in 1883 because France was later worried that Britain would use the English Channel Tunnel to attack France.

The success of shield machine in the English Channel Tunnel has inspired many civil engineers. In 1883, Britain used a shield machine to dig the tunnel under the Mersey River from Biegenheit to Liverpool, with a diameter of 2.1 meters and a length of 2 kilometers.

In the 20th century, people constantly improved the shield machine. Nowadays, all kinds of shield machines are constantly running in tunnel projects all over the world every day.

How does the shield machine dig the tunnel?

It is easier to understand the working principle of shield machine from its international common name "tunnel drilling rig": it is a big drilling rig that drills a hole in the ground or mountain.

Shield machine can be regarded as the largest construction machinery in civil engineering, with a large diameter of 178 meters and a length of more than 100 meters. The front of the shield machine is a huge cutter head with cutter head array. When driving, the cutter head rotates to cut the earth and stone on the tunnel face, and the muck flows into the muck bin from the gap of the cutter head, which is conveyed to the belt conveyor by the screw machine, and then transferred to another longer belt conveyor to transport it to the muck disposal site outside the tunnel, or transported to the tunnel by the track muck truck.

Readers with a little common sense should understand that if there is no thrust behind the cutter head, it is impossible to cut the earth and stone on the face. So, how to give the cutter head thrust?

This thrust comes from the hydraulic jack of the shield machine. If the tunnel is excavated on hard rock, two huge hydraulic jacks on the shield machine lean backward against the rock walls on both sides of the excavated tunnel and push the cutter head forward to cut the tunnel face.

If the tunnel is dug in the soft geological layer, the above method cannot be used, because the hydraulic jack will sink into the soft tunnel wall and cannot provide thrust. At this time, it is necessary to use another method to make several small hydraulic jacks push against the lining segment installed at the back at the same time to provide thrust for the cutter head horizontally forward, which is also a common shield method in subway tunnels at present.

The lining segment is the reinforced concrete precast member on the tunnel surface that we can see with our naked eyes in the tunnel. These segments are made in the ground reinforced concrete precast yard. After the segment is transported into the tunnel mouth, there is no need for manual intervention, and the transportation to installation is completely automatic.

The width of the lining segment should match the distance that the hydraulic jack advances each time, that is to say, the width of the segment is as many centimeters as the hydraulic jack advances each time. When the hydraulic jack is pushed to the end, the cutterhead stops rotating to cut the tunnel face, and segments are assembled around the tunnel in the shield section of the shield machine. The segment assembling machine on the shield machine is as dexterous as a human hand, movable, rotatable and retractable, which can assemble segments in place steadily and safely with accuracy of millimeter level.

When assembling a segment, several hydraulic jacks responsible for jacking the segment will contract, leaving a certain space for assembling the segment. After the segments are assembled in place, the hydraulic jack will stretch out and gently hold it, and so on until all segments in this circle are assembled in place. At this point, all the hydraulic jacks began to pressurize evenly, and together with the newly assembled segment, the cutter head was pushed forward by the reaction force to continue cutting the working face and move forward.

During the construction of the shield machine, the cutterhead cuts the tunnel face and assembles segments alternately, and the whole shield machine moves forward step by step under the push of the hydraulic jack until the tunnel is dug through. If the geology is soft, tens of meters can be excavated every day; If you encounter hard rocks, you can only dig dozens of centimeters every day.

The gap between the lining segment and the tunnel wall should be filled with mortar to reinforce the segment, maintain the stability of the whole lining and prevent water from leaking into the tunnel.

The series of complicated processes mentioned above are all completed automatically by the shield machine. There is a central control room in the shield machine, and all key parts of the shield machine have sensors, which transmit the collected data to the central control room. Operators can know the working situation of the shield machine through various data displayed on the display and intervene when necessary.

The cutter head on the cutter head should be maintained and replaced frequently. There is also a sensor on the cutter head. When the temperature of the cutter head rises to a certain value, it will send an alarm signal to the central control room.

How does the shield machine turn in the tunnel?

After reading this, some readers may ask, can the shield machine turn in the tunnel?

Of course you can. Most urban subway tunnels are excavated under the streets, and the tunnels are designed along the streets, with constant turns and "jumping up and down" according to the underground conditions. Highway and railway tunnels should also be selected according to landform, geology and hydrology, which also requires the shield machine to turn 360 degrees.

The turning of shield machine is realized by changing the cutting direction of cutter head with lining segment. Where a turn is needed, the width of each ring of lining segment is different. If turning to the left, the width of the right segment is designed to be wider than that of the left segment according to the turning radius. In this way, the hydraulic jack on the right will tilt the cutter head to the left to realize the left turning. If turning right, the width of the left segment is designed to be wider than that of the right segment according to the turning radius, so that the hydraulic jack on the left will tilt the cutter head to the right and realize the right turn. The steering principle of "jumping up and down" is the same as above.

At present, the largest shield machine in the world has a diameter of 17.5 meters.　　

On September 15th, 2006, the Niagara Tunnel, which was used for water diversion irrigation in Canada, was drilled. The tunnel was 10.2km long and passed 140m underground in Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada. The shield machine used was "Big Becky" made by Robbins Company of the United States, with a diameter of 14.4m. The cutter head was driven by 15 motors with a power of 4.7 million watts (6,375 horsepower), which was the largest shield machine in the world at that time. The reason why tunnels should be dug in such a deep underground is to prevent shield construction from affecting ground buildings.

In 2011, the 5030-meter-long Spavo Tunnel near Florence, Italy was drilled. The rock shield machine used was Martina produced by Herrick Company of Germany. The shield has a diameter of 15.62 meters, a length of 130 meters, a weight of 4,500 tons, a cross-section of 192 square meters, a total power of 18 megawatts and a thrust of 40,000 tons. Herrick also designed a shield machine with a diameter of 19.25 meters, but it has not yet been built.

Bertha, a shield machine made by Hitachi Shipbuilding Co., Ltd. in Japan in 2012, has a diameter of 17.5 meters, a length of 110 meters and a weight of 7,000 tons. The cutter head has 260 cutter heads. This shield machine was ordered by the Washington State Transportation Bureau of the United States and used to replace the tunnel excavation of Alaska Viaduct on Highway 99 (the upper and lower lanes of the tunnel), which is by far the largest shield machine in the world.

Advantages and disadvantages of shield tunneling

There are many advantages in tunneling with shield machine. It is not affected by ground factors and can be constructed all day; It also does not destroy the ground buildings, cultural relics and natural environment, and belongs to ecological and environmental protection construction; Because the excavation, muck discharge and lining segment are all automated, a lot of labor is saved and the accident risk is reduced.

The main disadvantage of tunneling with shield machine is that the initial investment cost is too high. Most shield machines are customized according to tunnel design drawings, with long construction preparation period, high maintenance cost, and low economic benefits of tunneling short tunnels. Generally speaking, the tunnel length is more than 1 km, which has economic benefits.

Finally, the shield machine can not only dig circular tunnels, but also be designed to dig tunnels with arbitrary cross sections, such as rectangular tunnels and elliptical tunnels. People also use shield machines to dig water pipelines, sewage and drainage pipelines, and even power pipelines.

It’s hot spring season again, and many Tang Chi people are everyone at first sight.

Source | Nanchuan Release

On the weekend, I recommend several places with good reputation and not so crowded. It will be refreshing to soak in hot springs this winter!

Ba’ nan dong hot spring

East Hot Spring is a hot spring with excellent reputation in Chongqing, with relatively few people and high cost performance.

Source | Banan Wenlv

There is the only natural hot-spring sauna in Asia, where you can take a steam bath or a water bath, and the privacy is excellent.

Any local goods can be bought in the town, and it is no longer convenient to eat and barbecue.

Source | Banan Wenlv

There are many farmhouses around, surrounded by green hills and flowers. And it contains private soup. I recommend staying here for one night.

As for which family is less, which one is better, just wait for you to find out for yourself.

Figure source | worm network

Location:Wubu Riverside, Dongwen Town, Banan District

Self-driving route:Urban Area-Kaiying Road-Huyu South Line Expressway-Maliu Avenue-—S415—-DongWenquan

Bus route:Take a long-distance bus to Sanfengquan at the four-kilometer hub station

Play around:Ancient Buddha Cave, Baisha Temple and Fengsheng Ancient Town

Beibei Bailian Hot Spring

Bailian hot spring is known as the best SPA garden hot spring in Asia. Whether it is positioning or slogan, it sounds domineering.

Figure source | Beibei Tourism

It is backed by the ancient temple, and the Jialing River is quiet in front. Most of the ponds are surrounded by plants. You can soak in the hot springs while enjoying the fresh air in the mountains, which is wonderful.

Figure source | Beibei family

Bailian Hot Spring is expensive, but it is a good place for self-cultivation.

If the pursuit of cost-effective, you can also go to Beibei Shili Hot Spring City bubble, the same number of people.

Figure source | worm network

Location:Beibei District North Hot Spring Park

Self-driving route:Urban Area-Inner Ring Expressway-Lanhai Expressway-Beiquan Road-Lanyu Line-Bailian Hot Spring

Bus route:Take Line 6 to Beibei, and then transfer to No.503 to BeiWenQuan.

Play around:Wenquan Temple and Jinyun Mountain

Jiulongpo shangbang pushi hot spring

Shangbang is adjacent to the original ecological forest and natural Hailan Lake in Jinyun Mountain, and there are golf courses and villas nearby, so the environment is very elegant.

Figure Source | Jiulongpo District Culture and Tourism Development Committee　

There are more than 30 hot spring Tang Chi with different functions, which are divided into spa area, essential oil area and medicated bath area. There is also fish therapy, and you can soak for as long as you want.

Figure Source | Jiulongpo District Culture and Tourism Development Committee

There are also golf courses and villas nearby, and the environment is very elegant. The lawn area is very large, and you can have a lawn PARTY in your spare time.

There are many roast whole sheep nearby, and you can get one to mend your body.

Figure Source | Jiulongpo District Culture and Tourism Development Committee

Location:No.3 Shangbang Road, Jinfeng Town, Jiulongpo District

Self-driving route:Urban area-Shuangbei Avenue-Xicheng Avenue-Xinwu Avenue-Gaoxin Avenue-Shangbang Pushi Hot Spring

Bus route:Take bus No.293 and get off at Lianhua New Station.

Play around:Huayan Temple and Baguocheng

Bishan Tiancihua Takinoyu

Tiancihua Takinoyu integrates hot springs, restaurants and hotel accommodation, providing customers with one-stop service, which is very suitable for friends gathering or family travel.

Source | Tiancihua Takinoyu

Its hot spring design is also very interesting. The hot spring pool is designed in the middle of the building and surrounded.

The quality of spring water is also good, and a small arch bridge has been built in the hot spring, which looks like a flowing family in the south of the Yangtze River.

Source | Tiancihua Takinoyu

Peacocks and parrots are also kept in the lobby, and children like to chase and play, which is extremely suitable for parent-child tours.

It’s close to Bishan Outlets, and you can also sweep the goods.

Source | Tiancihua Takinoyu

Location:Bishan Bicheng Town Wenquan Road

Self-driving route:Main City-Tiancihua Takinoyu-Bishan Outlets-Main City

Bus route:Take Jianbi Line to Bishan, and then transfer to Tiancihua Takinoyu bus.

Play around:Bishan Outlets and Xiuhu Park

Tongliangdragonhot spring

Tonglianglong Hot Spring is located at the foot of Bayue Mountain near Xuantian Lake, with beautiful surroundings and affordable prices.

Source | Tonglianglong Hot Spring

Ten steps, one pavilion, one pavilion, one pool and one secret realm. Every Tang Chi is surrounded by trees, just like being in the jungle.

Figure Source | Beautiful Copper Beam

The spring water here is rich in sulfur and other substances, and the mineral smell can be smelled with your nose.

After soaking in hot springs, you can also taste all kinds of delicious food, starting from your body and warming up to your taste buds.

Source | Chongqing Tongliang Radio and TV Station

Location:Tongzi Yuanlong Hot Spring Resort, Bachuan Town, Tongliang District

Self-driving route:Main City-Shuangbei Tunnel-Chengdu-Chongqing Ring Expressway-Longteng Avenue-Dragon Hot Spring

Bus route:Chen Jiaping Bus Station/Longtousi Bus Station/Caiyuanba Bus Station-Tongliang, and then transfer to the bus at Long Hot Spring.

Play around:Anju Ancient City, Bayue Mountain and Xuantian Lake

Dazu longshuihu hot spring

There are green mountains, green water and a five-star lakeside hot spring, and the surrounding scenery is breathtaking.

Tuyuan | Longshuihu Resort

It is said that the hot spring water of Longshui Lake comes from the rare water source of Triassic underground rock strata. You can enjoy the beautiful scenery around Longshui Lake while soaking in hot springs.

Tuyuan | Longshuihu Resort

Open-air pools are mostly on the hillside, separated by scattered levels and greening, and the embellishment of red berries is quite artistic.

There are many pools in it, including a big surf pool and a small theme pool, and all kinds of pools are available here.

Tuyuan | Longshuihu Resort

Location:Dazu Yulong Town Longshuihu International Leisure Resort

Self-driving route:Main City-Yurong Expressway-Sanhuan Expressway-Longshuihu Hot Spring

Bus route:Chen Jiaping Bus Station/Longtousi Bus Station/Caiyuanba Bus Station-Longshui Lake

Play around:Dazu Stone Carvings, Changzhou Ancient City

Nanchuan jinsanquan hot spring

Dear friends who want to go to Jinfo Mountain in winter to feel the ice and fire, they will first think of Tianxing Hot Spring, but at the weekend, you will give everyone Amway to Jinsanquan Hot Spring.

Source | Nanchuan Tourism

Jinsanquan Hot Spring is located on the north slope of Jinfo Mountain, surrounded by green plants, and the air is fresh and natural.

Source | Nanchuan Tourism

Jinsanquan hot spring has cold, warm and hot springs, and many small pools are built halfway up the mountain, with different curative effects. In the evening, you can smell the flowers, watch the moon and count the stars here.

There is also a water park in the indoor hot springs, with large slides, water rushing gates, water rollers and so on.

Source | Nanchuan Tourism

Location:No.98, Foshan East Road, sanquan town, Nanchuan District

Self-driving route:Main City-Inner Ring Expressway-Baomao Expressway-Yinbai Expressway-Jinsanquan Hot Spring

Bus route:Longtou Temple Distribution Center-Jinfo Mountain

Play around:Jinfo Mountain and Lixiang Lake

After reading the recommendation of weekend jun

Do you already know?

Hurry and choose one.

Let’s take a trip to the hot springs.

Original title: soaking in water refuses to crowd people! These original ecological hot springs are picturesque.

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